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I PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BEBERAPA GENOTIPE UBI JALAR

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I PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BEBERAPA GENOTIPE UBI JALAR PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BEBERAPA GENOTIPE UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L.) ASAL KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN DI DATARAN RENDAH SKRIPSI OLEH: ANISSA YASMIN 140301176 AGROTEKNOLOGI - PEMULIAAN TANAMAN PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2019 i Universitas Sumatera Utara PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BEBERAPA GENOTIPE UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L.) ASAL KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN DI DATARAN RENDAH SKRIPSI OLEH: ANISSA YASMIN 140301176 AGROTEKNOLOGI - PEMULIAAN TANAMAN Skripsi sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana di Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2019 vii Universitas Sumatera Utara vii Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK ANISSA YASMIN : Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Genotipe Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) Asal Kabupaten Simalungun Di Dataran Rendah dibimbing oleh ROSMAYATI dan EMMY HARSO KARDHINATA. Kabupaten Dairi dan Simalungun merupakan dua daerah dengan produksi ubi jalar tertinggi di Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan masyarakat Desa Suka Raya, Kecamatan Pancur Batu, Kabupaten Deli Serdang dengan ketinggian tempat ± 41 mdpl mulai bulan Juli sampai dengan November 2018, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 1 faktor perlakuan. Faktor pelakuan yang digunakan adalah genotipe dengan 8 genotipe yaitu genotipe Silimakuta Desa Bintang Mariah, genotipe Purba Desa Tiga Runggu, genotipe Purba Desa Nagorih Ritonga, genotipe Dolok Silau Desa Perasmian, genotipe Pamatang Silimahuta Desa Mardinding, genotipe Dolok Perdamean Desa Sirube-rube, genotipe lokal Binjai Cengkeh Turi, dan varietas unggul nasional Beta-1. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakter morfologi, panjang sulur tanaman, jumlah umbi per tanaman, bobot umbi per tanaman, dan rataan bobot umbi per plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan genotip lokal asal Silimakuta Desa Bintang Mariah mampu menghasilkan produksi tertinggi dibandingkan dengan beberapa genotipe lokal asal Simalungun lainnya. Kata Kunci : ubi jalar, genotipe, adaptasi, dataran rendah i Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT ANISSA YASMIN : Growth and Production of Several Sweet Potato Genotypes (Ipomoea batatas L.) from Simalunngun in the Lowlands Supervised by oleh ROSMAYATI and EMMY HARSO KARDHINATA. Dairi and Simalungun Regency are two region which have the highest sweet potato production in Sumatera Utara. This research was conducted in Desa Suka Raya, Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang with altitude ± 41meters asl,began from July to November 2018. This research used factorial randomized block design with one factor. The treatment factor used was genotype with 8 genotypes that is genotype Silimakuta Desa Bintang Mariah, genotype Purba Desa Tiga Runggu, genotype Purba Desa Nagorih Ritonga, genotype Dolok Silau Desa Perasmian, genotype Pamatang Silimahuta Desa Mardinding, genotype Dolok Perdamean Desa Sirube-rube, genotype lokal Binjai Cengkeh Turi, dan national varieties Beta-1. The parameters observed were morphology characters, vine length, the number of tuber per plant, tuber weight per plant, and average tuber weight. The results showed that genotype treatment of Silimakuta Desa Bintang Mariah has the highest production compared to the other Simalungun local genotypes. Key word : sweetpotato, genotype, adaptation, lowlands ii Universitas Sumatera Utara RIWAYAT HIDUP Penulis dilahirkan di Medan pada tanggal 12 Mei 1996 anak pertama dari 3 bersaudara dari Ayahanda Yasmin dan Ibunda Farida Hanum Harahap. Tahun 2014 penulis lulus dari SMA Negeri 15 Medan dan pada tahun 2014 masuk ke Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara melalui jalur Seleksi Bersama Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (SBMPTN). Penulis memilih minat Pemuliaan Tanaman, Program Studi Agroteknologi. Selama mengikuti perkuliahan, penulis aktif sebagai anggota HIMAGROTEK (Himpunan Mahasiswa Agroteknologi), asisten praktikum di Laboratorium Agronomi serta Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman Perkebunan. Penulis melaksanakan praktek kerja lapangan (PKL) di PT. Perkebunan Negara (PTPN) III Kebun Membang Muda pada tahun 2017. iii Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini tepat pada waktunya. Adapun judul skripsi ini adalah “Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Genotipe Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) Asal Kabupaten Simalungun di Dataran Rendah” yang merupakan salah satu syarat untuk dapat memperoleh gelar sarjana Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Dalam kesempatan ini, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Prof. Dr. Ir. Rosmayati, MS. selaku Ketua Komisi Pembimbing dan Ir. Emmy Harso Kardhinata, M.Sc selaku Anggota Komisi Pembimbing yang telah membimbing penulis dalam pembuatan skripsi ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna, oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran demi perbaikan selanjutnya. Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan terima kasih. Medan, Juli 2019 Penulis iv Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... ii RIWAYAT HIDUP .............................................................................................. iii KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ v DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ vi DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... vii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ ix PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 3 Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................... 3 Kegunaan Penelitian .................................................................................. 3 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Botani Tanaman ........................................................................................ 4 Syarat Tumbuh Tanah .................................................................................................. 6 Iklim ................................................................................................... 7 Keragaman Ubi Jalar di Indonesia ............................................................ 7 Perkembangan Budidaya Ubi Jalar di Sumatera Utara ............................. 8 Adaptasi Genotipe Lokal ........................................................................... 9 Respon Tanaman pada Budidaya di Dataran Tinggi dan Dataran Rendah .................................................................................. 11 BAHAN DAN METODE Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................... 12 Bahan dan Penelitian ................................................................................. 12 Metode Penelitian ...................................................................................... 12 PELAKSANAAN PENELITIAN Persiapan Lahan ........................................................................................ 14 Pembuatan Guludan .................................................................................. 14 Persiapan Bibit .......................................................................................... 14 Penanaman ................................................................................................ 14 Pemupukan Dasar ...................................................................................... 14 Pemeliharaan Tanaman ............................................................................. 15 Penyiraman ......................................................................................... 15 v Universitas Sumatera Utara Penyulaman ........................................................................................ 15 Pengangkatan Batang ......................................................................... 15 Penyiangan dan Pembumbunan ......................................................... 15 Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit ...................................................... 15 Panen .................................................................................................. 16 Peubah Amatan ......................................................................................... 16 Karakter Morfologi ........................................................................... 16 Panjang Sulur Tanaman (cm) ............................................................. 21 Jumlah Umbi per Sampel (umbi) ....................................................... 21 Bobot Umbi per sampel (g) ................................................................ 22 Bobot Umbi per plot (cm) .................................................................. 22 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Hasil .........................................................................................................
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