Surveillance of Infectious Diseases in Animals and Humans in Sweden 2019
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
SURVEILLANCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS IN SWEDEN 2019 Editor: Karl Ståhl Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, Naonal Veterinary Instute (SVA), SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden. Authors: Charloe Axén, Mia Bryng, Ioana Bujila, Erika Chenais, Rikard Dryselius, Helena Eriksson, Pernille Eerlin, Eva Forsgren, Malin Grant, Gian Gröndahl, Gunilla Hallgren, Anee Hansen, Gete Hestvik, Marika Hjertqvist, Mia Holmberg, Cecilia Hultén, Helena Höök, Cecilia Jernberg, Jerker Jonsson, Ulrika König, Elina Lah, Emelie Larsdoer, Mats Lindblad, Anna Lundén, Emma Löf, Hans-Olof Nilsson, Oskar Nilsson, Maria Nöremark, Anna Ohlson, Ylva Persson, Karin Persson-Waller, Thomas Rosendal, Karl Ståhl, Robert Söder- lund, Kaisa Sörén, Magnus Thelander, Karin Troell, Anders Wallensten, Per Wallgren, Stefan Widgren, Ulrika Windahl, Beth Young, Nabil Yousef, Siamak Zohari, Erik Ågren, Estelle Ågren, Elina Åsbjer Cover Photo: Anders Lindström Copyright of map data: ©EuroGeographics for the administrave boundaries Reporng guidelines: Reporng guidelines were introduced in 2018 for those those chapters related to purely animal pathogens. The guidelines build on experiences from several EU projects, and have been vali- dated by a team of internaonal experts in animal health surveillance. The aim is to develop these guidelines further in collaboraon within the global surveillance community and they have therefore been made avail- able in the form of a wiki on the collaborave plaorm GitHub (hps://github.com/SVA-SE/AHSURED/wiki). Feel free to contribute! Layout: The producon of this report connues to be accomplished using a primarily open-source toolset. The method allows the source text, produced by authors, to be edited independently of the template for the layout which can be modified and reused for future reports. Specifically, the chapter texts, tables and capons are authored in Microso Word and then converted using pandoc and R to the LaTeX typeseng language. Most figures and maps are produced using the R soware for stascal compung. Development for 2019 has further improved the imporng of content from Word to LaTeX. The method can now import text, tables and figure capons from Word, as well as the newly designed ’IN FOCUS’ secons of some chap- ters. The tool is available as an R-package at GitHub (hps://github.com/SVA-SE/mill/). This year the report was also built with a connuous integraon pipeline on Microso’s Azure DevOps plaorm, allowing every commied change to the content to be built and tested automacally. The report generaon R-package and process was designed by Thomas Rosendal and Stefan Widgren. In 2019, figures and the final typseng were done by Wiktor Gustafsson and Thomas Rosendal with contribuons from the report authors. Print: TMG Tabergs AB. Text, tables, figures and maps may be cited and reprinted only with reference to this report. Suggeson citaon: Surveillance of infecous diseases in animals and humans in Sweden 2019, Naonal Veterinary Instute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden. SVA:s rapportserie 64 1654-7098. This report may be subject to updates and correcons. The latest version is always available for download at www.sva.se. vising address. Ulls väg 2B address. 751 89 Uppsala telephone. +46 18-67 40 00 fax. +46 18-30 91 62 e-mail. [email protected] web. www.sva.se Contents Paratuberculosis 63 Porcine reproducve and respiratory syndrome 66 Introducon 3 Psiacosis 69 Overview of acve surveillance 2009-2019 4 Q fever 71 Livestock populaons and trade Rabies 73 in live animals 5 Salmonellosis 75 Animal registers and data sources used in surveillance 8 Scrapie 89 Instuons, organisaons and Shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli 92 laboratories involved in surveillance 10 Small Ruminant Lenviruses 97 Disease Surveillance 2019 13 Strangles 99 Atrophic rhinis 14 Tick-borne encephalis 100 Aujeszky's disease 15 Trichinellosis 102 Bluetongue 17 Tuberculosis 104 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy 19 Tularaemia 107 Bovine viral diarrhoea 21 Yersiniosis 111 Brucellosis 23 Addional Surveillance 2019 114 Campylobacteriosis 26 Clinical surveillance 115 Chronic wasng disease 31 Poultry Health Control Programme 118 Classical swine fever 35 Infecous diseases in wild boar 120 Coccidiosis and clostridiosis 37 Infecous diseases and Cryptosporidiosis 38 parasites in honeybees 122 Echinococcosis 41 Infecous diseases in fish, crustaceans and molluscs 126 Enzooc bovine leucosis 44 Examinaon of aborons in food Footrot 45 producing animals 130 Infecous bovine rhinotracheis 47 Post mortem examinaons in food producing animals 131 Influenza 48 Post mortem examinaons in wildlife 133 Leptospirosis 54 Anbioc resistance in bacteria Listeriosis 57 from animals and food 135 Nephropathia epidemica 61 Photo: Karin Bernodt. 2 BACKGROUND Introducon Surveillance of infectious diseases in animals and hu- interface between wildlife, domestic animals and humans. mans 2019 is the annual report describing the surveillance The first three cases of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) activities carried out in Sweden during the year. The re- in the country were detected during the year, all in older port covers surveillance for important animal diseases and moose in northern Sweden. In accordance with EU legis- zoonotic agents in humans, food, feed and animals, car- lation these first cases prompted an intensified and logisti- ried out and compiled by experts from several Swedish gov- cally complex surveillance effort in the area, which involved ernmental agencies, university and private industry with different species and categories of animals, and required en- surveillance mandates along the entire food chain, from farm gagement of voluntary forces as well as actors that are not to fork. commonly involved in animal health surveillance. Within The information generated by animal disease surveil- the EU and globally, African swine fever (ASF) continued to lance is of key importance for the declaration of the good spread among wild boar and domestic pigs during the year, health and welfare status of Swedish animals. Some benefits and to extend its geographical distribution with vast eco- of surveillance activities are inherent, such as the prevention nomic consequences. In Sweden, efforts to raise awareness of animal disease and promotion of public health. However, among the general public and engage the hunting commu- a lot of surveillance activities are in place primarily to en- nity to strengthen the surveillance for this disease resulted in sure safe trade and movement of animals, thereby facilitat- an almost 100% increase in submissions of wild boar found ing trade and giving access to foreign markets. This is also dead compared to previous years. However, the numbers where the major costs appear in case of outbreaks of reg- were still small and further measures are needed to ensure ulated diseases; by the restrictions put in place to maintain sufficient capacity for early detection. During the summer trust between trading partners. To reinstate a favourable sta- months, the country experienced the largest outbreak of hu- tus, it is necessary to provide evidence in the form of high man tularaemia in over 50 years. The significant increase quality surveillance data that disease is once again absent in human cases coincided with unusually high numbers of from the country, region or sector, or at least under control. reports of dead hares as well as hares diagnosed with tu- This report is subject to constant improvement and de- laraemia. Moreover, a spatiotemporal correlation between velopment, some more obvious than others. As last year, human cases and cases in hares could be assumed demon- particular focus for this year has been on improving the strating the value of a One Health surveillance approach animal-public health cross-domain analysis, with the am- for better understanding of disease dynamics at the animal- bition to provide a more integrated description of how the human interface. surveillance activities in the different sectors serve to inform A lot of the information in this report is of key impor- one another - all in a true One Health spirit. As a result of tance to demonstrate the good health and welfare of Swedish this work a new process has been established to strengthen animals to the benefit of safe trade and access to foreign the collaboration between the sectors involved in zoonoses markets. As an EU member state, Sweden shares the im- surveillance. In several of the chapters on zoonoses of high plications and consequences of exotic disease introduction importance, specific events have been described more in de- with many other European countries. We are part of a pan- tail in “In focus” sections that were introduced last year. This European surveillance system, where our efforts contribute, initiative was supported by the One Health European Joint directly and indirectly, to the understanding of risks that Programme (onehealthejp.eu) in a project aimed at improv- emerging diseases pose to other EU countries. Openness, ing the interoperability of animal and public health surveil- transparency and pro-activeness are key for effective early lance systems. Swedish partners in the programme are the warning and control, and it is important for trust and for joint National Veterinary Institute, the Swedish Food Agency and European preparedness to which we actively contribute. In the Public Health Agency of Sweden. line with this, our understanding of the Swedish disease sit- From the perspective of this report, 2019 was domi- uation in 2019 is provided in this report. nated by disease events and surveillance activities at the BACKGROUND 3 Overview of acve surveillance 2009-2019 BACKGROUND activities are regularly evaluated and the decision to conduct Since 2009, Sweden has reported the outcome of its active active surveillance for a specific disease in any given year is surveillance programmes in an annual report on surveillance based on a number of factors, such as the findings of previous of infectious diseases in animals and humans. This yearly years’ surveillance activities, changes in the disease status of description of active surveillance efforts is important as it other countries and the emergence of new diseases.