) PROCEEDINGS
OF THE r~
ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
S e r i e s A
CONTAINING PAPERS OE A MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTER.
VOL. XCII.
%
LONDON:
Printed eor THE ROYAL SOCIETY and Sold by HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN’S LANE, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY.
October, 1916. LONDON: HARK I SON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN’S LANE. CONTENTS
------‘• o o ^ J O C ------
SERIES A. VOL. XCII.
No. A 634.—October 1, 1915. PAG-K On the Longitudinal Strength of Cylinders closed by Screw Plugs. By Lieut.- Colonel A. G. Hadcock. Communicated by Sir George Greenhill, F.R.S...... 1 The Reaction between Gas and Pole m the Electrical Ignition of Gaseous Mixtures. By Prof. W. M. Thornton, D.Sc., D.Eng., Armstrong College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Communicated by Sir Charles Parsons, K.C.B., F.R.S. 9 On the Conditions under which the “ Probable Errors ” of Frequency Distributions have a Real Significance. By L. Isserlis, B.A. Communicated by Prof. Karl Pearson, F.R.S...... 23 Some Experiments on the Properties of Dielectrics. By Spencer W. Richardson, M.A. (Camb.), D.Sc. (Lond.), formerly Principal of, and Professor of Physics 4 at, the University College, Southampton. Communicated by Sir Joseph J. Thomson, O.M., F.R.S...... 41
- No. A 635.—November 1, 1915. On Deep-Sea Water Waves caused by a Local Disturbance on or beneath the Surface. By K. Terazawa, Ri-Gakushi in the Imperial University of Tokyo. Communicated by Sir Joseph Larmor, F.R.S...... 57 An Application of the Principle of Dynamical Similitude to Molecular Physics. By W. B. Hardy, F.R.S...... 82 The Flow of Electricity through Dielectrics. By Spencer W. Richardson, M.A. (Camb.), D.Sc. (Lond.), formerly Principal of, and Professor of Physics at, the University College, Southampton. Communicated by Prof. A. Schuster, Sec. R.S...... 101
No. A 636.—December 1, 1915. The Motion of a Stream of Finite Depth past a Body. By Robert Jones, M.A. (1851 Exhibition Scholar of the University College of North Wales, Bangor). Communicated by Dr. R. T. Glazebrook, C.B., F.R.S...... 107 The Consumption of Carbon in the Electric Arc. I.—Variation with Current and Arc-length. II.—Influence upon the Luminous Radiation from the Arc. By W. Geoffrey Duffield, D.Sc., Professor of Physics, and Dean of the Faculty of Science in University College, Reading. Communicated by Sir Ernest Rutherford, F.R.S...... 122 1Y
PAGKE On the Effect of the Form of the Transverse Section on the Frictional Resistance . to the Motion of an Elongated Body Parallel to its Length through a Fluid. By Charles H. Lees, D.Sc., F.R.S...... *...... ^44
No. A 637.—January 1, 1916. Address of the President, Sir William Crookes, O.M., at the Anniversary Meeting on November 30, 1915 ...... 158 On a Method of Estimating Distances at Sea in Fog or Thick Weather. By J. Joly, Sc.D., F.R.S...... 170 On a Method of Avoiding Collision at Sea. By J. Joly, Sc.D., F.R.S...... 1/6 On the Theory of the Capillary Tube. By Lord Rayleigh, O.M., F.R.S...... 184 Skin Friction of the Wind on the Earth’s Surface. By G. I. Taylor, M.A. Com municated by Sir Napier Shaw, F.R.S...... 196 Memorandum on the Kew Heliograph. By Dr. C. Chree, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Kew Observatory ...... 199
No. A 638.—February 1, 1916. An Application of the Theory of Probabilities to the Study of a priori , Pathometry.—Part I. By Lieut.-Colonel Sir Ronald Ross, K.C.B., F.R.S., R.A.M.C.T.F...... 204 On the Emulsifying Action of Soap.—A Contribution to the Theory of Detergent Action. By S. A. Shorter, D.Sc., Assistant Lecturer in Physics in the University of Leeds, and S. Ellingworth. Communicated by Prof. W. H. Bragg, F.R.S...... 231 The Consumption of Carbon in the Electric Arc. No. III.—The Anode Loss. By W. G. Duffteld, D.Sc., and Mary D. Waller, B.Sc. Communicated by Sir E. Rutherford, F.R.S...... 247 A Collision Predictor. By J. Joly, Sc.D., F.R.S...... 252 On the Oxy-hydrogen Flame Spectrum of Iron. By Sir Norman Lockyer, K.C.B., Hon. D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., and H. E. Goodson, A.R.C.Sc...... 260 The Theory of the Helmholtz Resonator. By Lord Rayleigh, O.M., F.R.S...... 265
No. A 639.—March 1, 1916. The Reduction of Metallic Oxides with Hydrogen at High Pressures. By Edgar Newbery, M.Sc., and John Norman Pring, D.Sc. Communicated by Prof. Sir E. Rutherford, F.R.S. (Plate 1) ...... 276 Discontinuous Fluid Motion Past a Curved Boundary. By H. Levy, M.A., B.Sc., Carnegie Research Fellow, late 1851 Exhibitioner of University of Edinburgh. Communicated by Prof. A. E. H. Love? F.R.S...... 285 On the biogle-Line Spectra of Magnesium and other Metals and their Ionising Potentials. By J. C. McLennan, F.R.S. (Plate 2) ...... 305
i V
PAGE A Portable Variometer for Magnetic Surveying. By George W. Walker, A.R.C.Sc., M.A., F.R.S., formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. (Plate 3) ...... 313
No. A 640.—April 1, 1916. On the Structure of Broadened Spectrum Lines. By Thomas R. Merton, B.Sc. (Oxon.), Lecturer in Spectroscopy, University of London, King’s College. Communicated by A. Fowler, F.R.S. (Plate 4) ....*.»...... 322 A Diagram to Facilitate the Study of External Ballistics. By W. E. Dalby, F.R.S. (Plate 5) ...... 329 Surface Friction : Experiments with Steam and Water in Pipes. By Cecil H. Lander, M.Sc., A.M.I.C.E. Communicated by Prof. J. E. Petavel, F.R.S...... 337 Note on the Existence of Converging Sequences in Certain Oscillating Successions of Functions. By Prof. W. H. Young, Sc.D., F.R.S...... 353
No. A 641.—May 6, 1916. The Microscopic Structure of Semipermeable Membranes and the Part Played by Surface Forces in Osmosis. By Frank Tinker, M.Sc. Communicated by Sir Oliver Lodge, F.R.S. (Plate 6 ) ...... 357 On Speed Effect and Recovery in Slow-Speed Alternating Stress Tests. By W. Mason, D.Sc. Communicated by Prof. B. Hopkinson. (Abstract) ...... 373 On Prof. Joly’s Method of Avoiding Collision at Sea. By H. C. Plummer. Com- muijicated by Prof. J. Joly, F.R.S...... 377 The Ignition of Gases by Impulsive Electrical Discharge. By Prof. W. M. Thornton, D.Sc., D.Eng., Armstrong College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Com municated by the Hon. Sir Charles Parsons, F.R.S...... 381
No. A 642.—July 1, 1916. Investigation of Atmospheric Electrical Variations at Sunrise and Sunset. By E. H. Nichols, B.Sc., A.R.C.Sc. Communicated by Sir Napier Shaw, F.R.S. ... 401 On the Motion of Solids in a Liquid Possessing Vorticity. By J. Proudman. Communicated by Prof. H. Lamb, F.R.S...... 408 A Theory of Colour Vision. By R. A. Houstoun, M.A., Ph.D., D.Sc., Lecturer on Physical Optics in the University of Glasgow. Communicated by Prof. A. Gray, F.R.S...... 424
On Legendre’s Function Pn(6), when rc is great and 6 has any Value. By Lord Rayleigh, O.M., F.R.S...... 433 An Active Modification of Nitrogen.—VII. By the Hon. R. J. Strutt, Sc.D., F. R.S., Imperial College, South Kensington ...... 438 A Hypothesis of Molecular Configuration in Three Dimensions of Space. By Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B., F.R.S...... 451 VI
No. A 643.—August 1, 1916. p a g a On the Use of Partly Neutralised Mixtures of Acids as Hydrion Regulators. By E. B. R. Prideaux. Communicated by Prof. F. S. Kipping, F.R.S...... 463 Linkages Illustrating the Cubic Transformation of Elliptic Functions. By Colonel R. L. Hippisley, C.B., R E. Communicated by Sir George Greenhill, F.R.S. ... 469 Further Determinations of Direct Osmotic Pressures. By the Earl of Berkeley, F. R.S., and E. G. J. Hartley, B.A. (Oxon) ...... 477 The Transmission of Electric Waves Around the Earth’s Surface. By H. M. Macdonald, F.R.S., Professor of Mathematics in the University of Aberdeen ... 493 Bakerian Lecture : On the X-Rays and the Theory of Radiation. By C. G. Barkla, F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. (Abstract) ...... 501
No. A 644.—September 1, 1916. Apparatus for the Determination of Gravity at Sea. By W. G. Duffield, D.Sc., Professor of Physics in University College, Reading. Communicated by Prof. A. E. H. Love, F.R.S...... 505 On the Determination of Gravity at Sea (Note on Dr. Duffi eld’s Paper). By Arthur Schuster, Sec. R.S...... 517 On the Magnetic Shielding of Large Spaces, and its Experimental Measurement. By Ernest Wilson, M.Inst.C.E., M.I.E.E., Siemens Professor of Electrical Engineering, and J. W. Nicholson, M.A., D.Sc., Professor of Mathematics in the University of London. Communicated by Dr. J. A. Fleming, F.R.S...... 529 The Period of a Spherical Resonator with a Circular Aperture. By F. Puryer White, St. John’s College, Cambridge. Communicated by Lord Rayleigh, O.M., F.R.S...... 549 On Some Determinations of the Sign and Magnitude of Electric Discharges in Lightning Flashes. By C. T. R. Wilson, M.A., F.R.S., Observer in Meteoro logical Physics at the Solar Physics Observatory, Cambridge...... 555
No. A 645.—October 2, 1916. On the Ionisation Potentials of Magnesium and other Metals, and on their Absorption Spectra. By Prof. J. C. McLennan, F.R.S., University of Toronto. (Plates 7 and 8 )...... 574 On the Bunsen Flame Spectra of Metallic Vapours. By Prof. J. C. McLennan, I.R.S., and Andrew Thomson, M.A., University of Toronto. (Plate 9) ...... 584 On the Ionisation of Metallic Vapours in Flames. By Prof. J. C. McLennan, F.R.S., and David A. Keys, M.A., University of Toronto ...... 591 Emission and Absorption in the Infra-Red Spectrum of Mercury. By Raymond C. Dearie* M.A., University of Toronto. Communicated by Prof. J. C. McLennan, F.R.S...... 608
) Vll
OBITUAEY NOTICES OF FELLOWS DECEASED. PAGE John Henry Poynting (with portrait); James Francis Tennant ; William James Sell ; Arthur Auwers ; Sir Arthur Pucker (with portrait); George Minchin Minchin ...... i—1
Index li
>
Vy