The History of JANUARY 2015 A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW This is the most comprehensive effort to date which provides an in-depth and detailed overview of all the different models of Cirrus aircraft over the course of its history.

I’m often asked about the differences between models Generation One (G1) (Serial 1005-1267) within the Cirrus line. Based on this question, I decided to put my head together with the guys at COPA and Cirrus Aircraft to come up with what should be the most comprehensive piece to date regarding the history of changes in the models of our beloved Cirrus aircraft. While it is my attempt to provide a thorough review of all the changes, I am sure there is an somewhere that does not fit into all of the “standards” I am including here. This is due to the fact that there are many modifications and upgrades that can now be completed on a Cirrus airplane to make it anything but standard. It should also be noted that the market is constantly changing and the numbers in this piece should only be used as a rough outline for the Cirrus SR20 1998-2001 approximate values of features. With over 1,200 Cirrus sales under my belt, the numbers should be very close to current Options were as follows: market values. • Hartzell Two- or Three-Blade Propeller As of today, there are close to 6,000 Cirrus aircraft in service. • Leather Interior I started my sales company around the same time Cirrus • Dual Alternators started producing aircraft. I remember being a teenager and • Century HSI thinking to myself, “If they really get this plane into the air, GA A, B or C Configuration upgrades: will change forever.” WOW, has it ever changed! A. 430/250 Combination S-TEC 30 B. Garmin 430/420 Combination S-TEC 30 The original Cirrus SR20 came in three configurations. C. Garmin 430/430 Combination S-TEC 55 Cirrus aircraft started to roll off the assembly line with the SR20 model in 1998. Standard features on the SR20 All Electric/Avidyne SR20 (Serial 1268-1336) included a conventional six pack of flight instruments with When production of the SR22 began, Cirrus improved the now defunct ARNAV MFD display, which many SR20 the SR20s by eliminating the vacuum system and installing owners upgraded to the gorgeous Avidyne MFD display. The all electric flight instruments. The ARNAV MFD was SR20 came in three configurations: The “A” base model; the replaced by the Avidyne EX5000, and the digital Sandel HSI “B” model, complete with a 430/420 combo and an S-TEC 30 was introduced as an option. autopilot; and the fully decked out and most desirable “C” All Glass SR20 (Serial 1337-1443) configuration, which included dual Garmin 430s, along The Avidyne “All Glass Panel” MFD/PFD combination with an S-TEC 55 autopilot and a Century HSI, which was became standard in mid-2003 replacing the standard eventually replaced with a digital Sandel 3308. six pack and changing aviation forever. Cirrus powered the aircraft with a Continental IO-360-ES six-cylinder, fuel-injected engine producing 200 horsepower. Options were as follows: Fuel capacity for the SR20 was 56 US gallons. • Hartzell Two- or Three-Blade Propeller • Leather Interior • Stormscope • Skywatch • EMax

2 Generation One (G1) (Serial 142-434)

A, B or C Configuration avionics upgrades: A. Garmin 430/250 Combination S-TEC 30 B. Garmin 430/420 Combination S-TEC 55SR C. Garmin 430/430 Combination with S-TEC 55 Notable improvements during this period were: In 2001, Cirrus introduced what would become the • Late in 2002, Cirrus added TKS as an option. Only best-selling GA aircraft of all time. The aircraft offered about 100 six-pack TKS aircraft were produced, features and options that made it a completely revolutionary making these rare models. aircraft and no other manufacturer was able to deliver • An improved starting modification was installed from anything close to it at the time. The aircraft did offer more serial number 278. than a mere change in modern avionics – it brought with • A dual exhaust system was added starting with serial it an entirely new airframe design and safety features number 320. never before seen in the industry. The rollout of this • Bose Headset LEMO jacks were added as standard aircraft ushered in a new era of excitement in the features in late 2002. industry. Playing off the SR20 airframe, Cirrus added wingtip Options were as follows: extensions, increased fuel capacity to 81 gallons, and strapped • WX500 Stormscope on a Continental IO-550-N fuel-injected engine that • EMax Engine Monitor produced 310 horsepower. The aircraft was all-electric, with • Skywatch Traffic Alerting dual alternators and dual batteries. Three-blade props were standard. The SR22 was born, and GA was forever changed. A, B or C Configuration avionics upgrades: A. Garmin 430/250 Combination S-TEC 30 Generation One (G1) (Serial 002-141) B. Garmin 430/420 Combination S-TEC 30 Cirrus SR22 2001-2002 C. Garmin 430/430 Combination S-TEC 55

Options were as follows: • The ARNAV MFD was installed on these aircraft. Many have now been upgraded to the Avidyne MFD.

A, B or C Configuration avionics upgrades: A. Garmin 430/250 Combination S-TEC 30 B. Garmin 430/420 Combination S-TEC 30 C. Garmin 430/430 Combination S-TEC 55

3 Generation One (G1) All Glass SR22 (Serial 435-819) Up to this point, Cirrus aircraft were produced with only a base white color scheme. The “Centennial Edition” was loaded with features, including a six-point engine mount designed to reduce vibration. This aircraft also featured a McCauley propeller – so far, it is the only time this propeller has been used on Cirrus aircraft.

Generation 2 (G2) Models Many of the features of the current production model SR20s and SR22s are on par with one another, so we will not highlight separate features for the different models. We will make note if a feature included in the following section is available on the SR22 and not the SR20.

Avidyne Entegra (PFD) Cirrus once again pushed the envelope and produced the first GA aircraft with an Avidyne Entegra Primary Flight Display (PFD), lovingly referred to as a “glass panel.”

Options were as follows: • WX500 Stormscope • EMax Engine Monitor • Skywatch Traffic Alerting • TKS Inadvertent Anti-ice Protection

A, B or C Configuration avionics upgrades:

A. Garmin 430/420 Combination S-TEC 55SR Options on these aircraft include: B. Garmin 430/430 Combination S-TEC 55X • eTaws EGPWS or EPG560 Terrain In late 2003, Cirrus introduced a new model known as • Garmin TAWS the “Centennial Edition” as a tribute to the Wright Brothers’ • Semi-portable Oxygen 100 years of flight. Only 100 of these aircraft were produced • XM Weather and they featured commemorative badging, along with a • CMax Approach Plates special edition linen paint scheme. • Platinum IO-550 engine – a dynamically balanced and blueprinted engine offering a five-year warranty. (SR22 ONLY) • Air conditioning (initially an aftermarket Keith Systems) (SR22 ONLY) • Factory Installed Air Conditioning (2006 SR22 ONLY, Serial Number 1864)

Cirrus started producing the SR22 G2 in the second quarter of 2004 and production of the SR20 began in late summer of 2004 at Serial Number 1442. The company retooled their factory at this time and the G2 was built using this new tooling.

4 Improvements released with the new G2 model: 1. Interior panels that were more “automobile-like” and were covered with luxurious fabrics, instead of plain molded plastics. 2. Leather-covered throttle and side stick.

3. Door mechanisms were redesigned with a push button style latching mechanism like those found on a car, where the door is slammed to close and a button is 5. The lower cowl became a split design allowing for pushed to open. Care needs to be taken to make sure easier access. these doors are closed properly as they will pop open 6. Several new access panels were added to the G2, in flight if they are not latched properly. including an access panel to remove the parachute and rocket when the time comes to repack. 7. Six point engine mount made as a standard feature (SR22s only). 8. The firewall was beveled and slanted for crash and impact protection. 9. The aircraft was 4-5 knots faster than the G1 aircraft. G1 G2 10. The cowl inlets were redesigned. 4. The oil door was redesigned with improved latches. 11. The propeller was changed to a Hartzell scimitar type.

Other improvements • AmSafe Airbag Safety Restraints and Airbag Seatbelts were made standard (starting with July 2005 production aircraft) • XM entertainment radio was added to the weather option, featuring a remote control (option available starting with Serial Number 1544 on SR22 and 1473 on SR20)

In late 2005, Cirrus overhauled the electrical systems of the aircraft (starting with Serial Number 1663 on SR22 and 1582 on SR20). This platform proved to be much more reliable than previous versions. These improved models can be identified by the “glove box” on the right, where the backup engine gauges had been.

5 9. A second flight meter was installed next to the Hobbs meter as a standard feature (starting with Serial Number 1863 on SR22 and 1639 on SR20). This feature allows effective management of total time and utilization of the flight meter for maintenance – it starts running when aircraft speed reaches 30 knots.

Panel with "glove box."

Improvements in these models include: 1. The Master Control Unit (MCU) was replaced with the MCU130, featuring improved sealing around the MCU box. 10. An alternate static source valve was relocated to allow 2. A new Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) replaced the SIU for easier operation outside of the pilot footwell. This unit and allowed more information to be displayed, is a feature to prevent vertigo when an alternate static such as electrical bus voltages, percentage power and source is needed in IMC. oil pressure and temperature with the addition of the 11. The static system plumbing was redesigned to prevent optional Avidyne Revision 7. the intrusion of water into the static system from 3. Electrical load information added. SR22 serial 2043 and SR20 serial 1706. 4. A 100-amp alternator replaced the 60-amp alternator. GTS Models 5. The mechanical engine instruments and charging system gauges were deleted. The MFD/PFD became Some have termed the GTS model as “GOT THE STUFF” the primary information source. since it resembles an Eddie Bauer Edition car – it includes 6. Pressure and density altitude data was added to the everything the manufacturer had to offer at the time. These MFD. aircraft came with chrome steps and grab handles, tinted 7. A fan-powered ventilation unit was added as an windows and special paint schemes. Air conditioning was still option. an option on the GTS. 8. Automotive-style climate control knobs and In later years, the GTS ventilation were added. changed with some features added and removed from those included in its debut. In short, if there is a feature that is on a buyer’s MUST-have list, it is prudent to confirm that the aircraft does, in fact, have the option before deciding to make a purchase.

6 The Generation 3 (G3)

Tornado Alley Turbo (TAT) Model After several Cirrus aircraft were clocked at 200-plus knots near Ada, Okla., Cirrus announced production of the Tornado Alley Turbo (TAT) Cirrus in July 2006. This was a special edition SE Cirrus that sported checkered flag paint In April 2007, the G3 was announced and the refinements and was numbered and signed by the Klapmeier brothers. to this aircraft were real game changers. A more automotive Only 50 of these aircraft were produced and they were type approach to sales continued to drive the Cirrus product offered in a flashy Sterling Silver paint scheme, or in classic with the introduction of this aircraft. Market innovation white. The interior was created with perforated insert panels and the inclusion of requests from Cirrus client base led in the seating set off by red stitching. to the production of another incredible aircraft. Cirrus A/C System Changes At the time of its public debut, there were rumors of more than 700 incorporated changes to the G3 from its Several changes to the Cirrus A/C System were made over predecessor, the G2. Here are some of the most notable: time, including: • Before Serial Number 1863 (March 2006), a complete Wing Root Fairing Keith System was included. The addition of a • Serial Numbers 1863-1956 include a Keith compressor Wing Root Fairing with Enviro evaporator. led to reduced air • Serial Number 1957 and up included a forward separation at the Enviro system compressor and evaporator. trailing edge of the • Until Serial Number 2438 (April 2007), mechanical wing near the fuselage. controls were used. Starting at Serial Number 2439, This addition produced a switch was added for A/C. a slight increase in cruise speed and rate of climb. • With the introduction of the G3 model, the fresh air intake was moved from the wing to the cowl Large Access Panel of the aircraft. A single panel replaced several smaller panels, allowing • From the Perspective model to current production, for easier maintenance access and creating less drag. all controls are electrically controlled. The Perspective The aileron rudder interconnect system, which proved to also has larger vents along with a set of upper vents. be problematic in the G1 and G2 models, was eliminated and resulted in an aircraft that felt more natural and achieved better balance in flight. The aforementioned system problems led to three back-to-back revisions of the initial Service Bulletin (SB2X-27-14R3). It is safe to assume that the majority of the fleet is in compliance, and the G3 was revised to no longer utilize this bungee cord system.

7 The dihedral in the wing was increased from 4.5 inches draw conditions. Also introduced in this revision were in the G2 to 5.5 inches in the G3. This increase resulted in a improved fuel caps. 51-inch wingtip height above the ground on the G3, as opposed to 46.5 inches on the G2. This dihedral increase led to increased stall speeds due to the CG envelope expansion.

G2 FUEL CAPS G3 FUEL CAPS

A larger fuel tank was installed on the G3, providing 11 additional gallons of usable fuel. This translates into 30-60 minutes of additional endurance time, for an overall 16% increase in range. In addition, a new fuel quantity sensing layout was implemented with the G3.

Main • The attach point was moved inboard. • The height increased 1.5 inches.

Fuel System The existing 1/2-inch diameter lines were replaced with 5/8-inch diameter lines, resulting in better flow from the main tank to the collector tank. Along with this increase in line diameter, the collector tank remains fuller under high G2 G3

8 • The entry steps were lengthened. This drain cannot be sumped with a fuel sample • The gear attachment was lighter. cup – it was added to reduce confusion between • The strut angle changed. this drain and the fuel drain. • The fairing changed to a two-piece design. • Two separate proportioning units were added with • No handling differences resulted. one delivering deicing to wings and prop, and the other delivering deicing to the tail. Nose Landing Gear • NLG Strut lengthened by 1.5 inches to increase Environmental Control System (ECS) propeller clearance by over two inches on the G3 • The fresh air inlet was relocated from the wing leading from the G2. edge to the cowl to allow for full coverage of • The fairings were redesigned for improved TKS panels. aerodynamics, along with fit and finish. • New electrical actuator controlled ECS mixing box • The nose tire pressure was reduced from 40 psi on and ECS shutoff valve were added in place of the old, the G2 to 30 psi on the G3. mechanical linkages. • Wheel track decreased from 8.52 inches on the G2 • A 40% increase in cabin airflow was realized in both to 10.83 inches on the G3. A/C and non A/C versions of the aircraft. • The same main landing gear strut was incorporated • Automotive style ECS controls were introduced, on the G3 as its predecessor, but at a steeper angle. allowing for multiple modes of operation, including • The main spar was changed to carbon fiber, leading airflow control and the position of airflow. to reduced weight and resulting in a stronger spar. This modification alone resulted in a weight Turbo System reduction of 53 pounds. The G3 Turbo system came with notable improvements over the G2 Turbo.

Engine Diagram SR22-3 (on page 10) 1. Top Level Drawing Kit S/N 3001 and Up; A/C S/N. 2. View from L/H Side, Looking inboard. 3. PMA Authorization for kit SR22-2 is continued with G2 G3 revised identification as kit SR22-3 for serial number #3001 and later, beginning June 2007. This change in designation is to provide clarity in the effectivity TKS Inadvertent Deicing System history as the design changes involving the “half- This deicing system was much improved over the G2 stamp” exhaust system and revised supporting detail and included extended TKS panels on both wings. parts were incorporated. Pursuant to this drawing, • The system capacity was increased from 2.96 gallons 22-1050001, REV NC, the kits shipped pursuant to on the G2 to 3.7 gallons. the “later FAA approved revisions” are designated as • Normal deicing mode was increased from KIT-SR22-3, 3001 and UP G3 AC with “half-stamp” 60 to 90 minutes. and straight tailpipes. This serial number block • A new pump was added for improved priming. incorporated a minor change in components to • An easy-fill port was added with a locking cap. enlarge the cabin heater capacity from the bleed air • A drain on the bottom of the wing was added. source from 1 inch to 1.25 inches in diameter.

9 4. KIT SR22 SN 2116-3185 incorporated an “H-Valve” Engine Diagram SR22-2 (on page 11) manifold and related oil lines for the wastegate and 1. Top Level Drawing. absolute pressure controller that uses smaller 2. View from L/H Side, looking inboard. diameter hoses and fittings than all previous serial 3. PMA Authorization includes initial designation of numbers. See 22-6450002 for current configurations. this turbo normalizing kit as “KIT-SR22-2” (PMA See ETI- SR22-9000 for previous configurations. NO. PQ908SW), pursuant to DWG NO. ETI-G2-1, 5. At S/N 3186 (G3 aircraft w/air-conditioning), smaller REV NC, 11/01/06 or “Later FAA Approved diameter oil lines for the Turbo wastegate controller Revisions” and is eligible for all model SR22 aircraft. and the “H-VALVE” manifold were installed. At S/N 4. Kit SR22-2 was designated as “KIT-SR22-2” per the 3186 and up, the support brackets changed and noted ETI-G1 drawing and initial PMA letter, and hardware to connect the Turbo Vertical support rods was effective for serial numbers #2002 (first to the turbo charger. production) through #2115, from November 2006 6. MDL REV G with Deviations – covers the drawing through March 2007. Cirrus “G-2” model designated and design changes up to and including Kit-SR22-3. aircraft only. 7. KIT SR22-4 is a continuation of Kit SR22-3, beginning 5. Kit SR22-2 was continued with designation as at S/N 3259 and up which incorporates Garmin “KIT-SR22-2” for kit serial number #2116 through Electronics package. #2205 ending in June 2007. For these serial numbers 8. SR22-3 (Avidyne equipped) aircraft may still be incorporated a revised R/H inter cooler inlet and produced in KIT SN Range 3259 and up. revised placement for the variable heater valve 9. SR22-4 (Garmin) packages differ from SR22-3 kits (1-inch diameter) 2116-2208. only in addition of L/H TIT Probe and Addition of 6. Kit SR22-2 is continued with revised identification as IAT probe and crossover tube. kit SR22-3 for serial number #3001 and later,

PHOTO CREDIT: JIM BARKER

10 beginning June 2007. This change in designation is to 3186 and up, the support brackets changed and provide clarity in the effectivity history as the design hardware to connect the turbo vertical support changes involving the “Half-Stamp” exhaust system rods to the turbo charger. and revised supporting detail parts were incorporated 9. MDL Rev D (with deviations) covers the drawing and pursuant to this drawing, 22-1050001, Rev NC. The design changes up to and including KIT-SR22-3. kits shipped pursuant to the “Later FAA Approved The weight and the CG on this aircraft was a bit of an Revisions” are designated as Kit-SR22-3, 3001 and Up issue and to counteract this, a Hartzell composite propeller G3 AC with “Half-Stamp” and straight tailpipes. was incorporated. Not only did the Hartzell lighten up the This serial number block incorporated a minor nose, but it also looked classy and the wide blades cut change in components to enlarge the cabin heater through the air and provided a silky smooth ride. capacity from the bleed air sources from 1 inch Another feature of this aircraft was the inclusion of a 77 to 1.25 inches in diameter. cubic-inch Precise Flight oxygen tank plumbed from the tail 7. Kit SR22 SN 2116-3185 incorporated an “H-Valve” of the aircraft. The AG2 Turbo aircraft represents an manifold and related oil lines for the wastegate incredible value in the used market for those pilots not and absolute pressure controller that uses smaller requiring a large useful load. diameter hoses and fittings than all previous serial A factory installed Environmental Air Conditioning numbers. See 22-6450002 for previous configurations. system was introduced in the SR22 starting with Serial 8. At S/N 3186 (G3 aircraft w/air conditioning), smaller Number 1864, replacing the older Keith System, which some diameter oil lines for the turbo wastegate controller have debated to be more effective. and the “H-Valve” manifold were installed. At S/N

11 Lightning Protection • A lighter mesh was used and additional mesh coverage on the wings was added. • The TKS panel was electrically bonded to the mesh and carbon spar was bonded to the protection scheme. • A new style fuel float was added containing no electrical wiring in the tank, thus eliminating possible ignition sources in the fuel tank.

Aircraft Data Logger Is included as standard equipment on G3 aircraft, and primarily for accident investigation. It works with Avidyne or Perspective systems.

Lighting Systems • Blue 3-LED Luxeon nine-watt intensity bulbs created Wingtip recognition lights were added. better visibility on the ground and in the air. These lights operate with landing light. • The bolster switch panel was restyled and the backlight included a dimmer feature. • The circuit breaker panel on the G3 had alternating collars and colors on overlay.

Year-by-Year Improvements (2008 to 2014) 2008 IMPROVEMENTS

Perspective System screens. For the first time, the MFD is able to back up the Garmin’s Perspective system, designed specifically for the PFD in “Reversionary Mode.” Cirrus aircraft, was introduced this year. The Perspective is New Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) was added and a fully integrated system, featuring an industry-first, 12-inch brought the outside into the cockpit, offering yet another

12 VT S XMWX Go Around Button layer of safety to this aircraft. The SVT keyboard controller This was completed though a recertification process proving is fully operational for all routine operations. Familiar FMS the aircraft performed well through known icing conditions. and flight planning operations were included on the SVT, The FAA subjected the aircraft to specific testing, including: and XM weather was provided with extended options. The three icing wind tunnel tests; over 100 hours of natural ice Garmin 700 autopilot includes IAS (indicated airspeed) hold flying; flight tests with various ice shapes; and analysis lab and it included Vertical Navigation Features, along with an and flight testing to ensure the systems and features optional Yaw Damper and the LVL (“Level”) button. A performed properly under all possible circumstances. “Go-Around” button automatically enables key functions when used at the start of a Missed Approach. The audio Flight into Known Ice (FIKI) System Capacities: panel includes automatic squelch, a digital clearance • Usable fluid capacity: 8 gallons recorder and a cell phone interface. It includes information • Duration max: 37.5 minutes (12.8 gph) and alerts for both fuel tanks, brake temperature, and pitot • High: 75 minutes (6.4 gph) heat. It integrates fully with FIKI (“Flight Into Known Ice” • Normal: 150 minutes (3.2 gph) – more below) aircraft control displays and EVS. All of this • Basic empty weight: 63 lbs is accomplished on the lightest possible platform designed • Full fluid adds: 73 lbs specifically for this aircraft. FIKI System Features: 2009 IMPROVEMENTS • A panel on the vertical stabilizer protects the The Perspective became standard equipment on all entire . Cirrus aircraft, including the SR20. FIKI was made • Elevator tip panels protect elevator performance. available as standard equipment on the GTS model and as • Ice lights illuminate both wings and the horizontal an option to other models. stabilizer. They are located on both the pilot and The Tornado Alley Turbo (turbo normalized system) was copilot side of the aircraft to allow the pilot to visually replaced with the new TCM (turbo Charged System). People inspect those surfaces in low-light conditions. have speculated this replacement was due to Cirrus and • The Stall Transducer (stall warning vane) is heated to TCM being mutually owned and not due to TAT being an prevent ice from forming and is operated by the pilot inferior product. heat switch. Flight into Known Ice (FIKI) was introduced, allowing • Windshield spray nozzles provide a three-second Cirrus aircraft to launch into known icing conditions. spray of fluid when activated.

13 • Two deice fluid tanks on the inboard section of each • Automatic Alternate Air Induction: A magnetic door wing; the tanks contain fluid for longer endurance. on the air intake will open automatically to allow • Max Operation Mode Activates 400% flow rate of the unfiltered air to reach the engine if both induction . When activated, it runs for filters become constricted. two minutes. • An air/oil separator was added to reduce oil venting, • A backup pump and filters provide a greater margin keep the lower skin cleaner and reduced oil blow-by. of safety. • Two NACA induction vents were located on the front • Time Remaining, Quantity, Range and Operational bottom portion of the cowl to provide induction air Mode on Engine Page provide for full pilot awareness to the engine through oversized air filters to the of fluid levels. turbo chargers. • Automatic Tank Switching/Tank Selection Modes on • Louvers were added to the bottom of the cowl to Engine page system automatically maintains equal optimize cooling. fluid quantities in the anti-ice fluid tanks. An alert • The upper cowl was redesigned to improve clearance will indicate that the tanks are out of balance. for the induction system and to assist cooling. Tanks may also be manually selected. • An “oleo” shock was incorporated into the engine • The stall warning computer takes information from mount to reduce loads in the nose landing gear and the stall transducer to produce 1) impending stall to provide smoother ground operations. warning and 2) stall speed of the aircraft (upper limits This is regarded as an improvement over the older, of the red arc on the airspeed tape). The stall speed stiffer “puck” system. indication is a dynamic representation of the aircraft’s • A thermocouple was added to the heat box leading stall speed in the current configuration into the controller. When temperatures in the heatbox (weight, density altitude and load factor). reaches max temperature, fresh air is allowed into the • XM Weather icing product displays current icing heat box allowing for enhanced heating during severity in terms of Light, Moderate, Severe and in-flight and ground operations. Extreme. Supercooled large droplet (SLD) icing • The addition of a leaning bug and green arc greatly conditions are depicted by magenta dots. simplified engine leaning. The XM system requires a subscription. • A slope controller allowed the pilot to open the throttle • Additional sensors were added to advise the pilot of on takeoff without the concern of over-boosting low pressure, low flow, clogged filter, etc. the engine. • The T model brought about added weight savings 2010 IMPROVEMENTS over other Cirrus models. On June 18, 2010, Cirrus introduced the TCM • The T model has a lower engine turbocharged engine on the Cirrus T models. The engine (7:5:1) and is more tolerant of lower octane fuels. is a TCM TSIO-550-K. • Cirrus has stated that the TCM-TSIO-550-K will be certified for 94UL. Changes introduced with the TCM engine: • The propeller governor is set to 2,500 RPM allowed Other upgrades to the 2010 Cirrus included: for a smoother flying airplane while preserving • ESP and Xi customization were added as options. takeoff and cruise performance. • Cirrus continued to innovate and offer additional • This provides for a quieter cabin during takeoff safety features through the introduction of their and climb. Hypoxia Recognition Automatic Decent Mode system, • Smoother power changes and smooth transitions designed to automatically start a descent upon system from takeoff to climb and climb to cruise. recognition of pilot hypoxia. • Larger afford better cruise power and cooler operating temperatures. • Cylinder cooling fins arranged to provide optimal cooling for the engine.

14 2011 IMPROVEMENTS “60/40” FlexSeating model. This aircraft is a five-passenger This is the year when Cirrus number 5,000 rolled off the model, ideal for families or for those with a lot of baggage to assembly line. Despite this milestone, few new notable haul. Two new appearance packages were introduced with features were added this year with the most notable changes this aircraft, including in the Carbon and Platinum Editions being carbon spinners and some new paint colors. respectively. Satellite phone and text messaging was introduced with this model, along with a worldwide weather 2012 IMPROVEMENTS system and an all new, all-digital audio panel. Fuel gauges were also integrated into the MFD with the introduction Historically speaking, the year following a “quiet year” of the 60/40. for Cirrus in terms of aircraft changes is usually one with a The 60/40 boasts four inches of additional room in the plethora of changes and 2012 was right on cue following the rear, which was accomplished by shaving off some of the quiet 2011 model year. rear panels. The FlexSeating feature includes an easy fold The biggest change introduced in 2012 was the new down seating system incorporating a three-position recline for rear passengers. The Cirrus LATCH system is the same system on this aircraft as the one found in automobiles and it meets the same federal regulations. This feature is one that prevents the smallest occupants from opening a door in flight.

15 Platinum Appearance Package The Platinum Appearance Package is geared toward clients who appreciate a classic looking aircraft and includes the following features: • Polished spinner • Standard steps and handles • Nickel vents • High-tech finish instrument panel lobes • Solid leather • Platinum paint with two-tone options 2013 IMPROVEMENTS Cirrus did it again, with the G5 being a complete game changer for single-engine piston aircraft.

Highlights of the G5 include: • A 200-pound gross weight increase making this a true IFR family and business traveling machine. • 150 Kias 50 percent flap extension speed (was 119). • Integrated fuel gauges. • A redesigned rocket and parachute. • A useful load increase from 3,400 pounds to 3,600 pounds. • Wheel fairings redesigned including an access door to inflate tires easily. Carbon Appearance Package • Optional 230-Volt Tannis preheater. The Carbon package is geared to clients who have a • 2013 60/40 FlexSeating and ADS-B transponder sportier taste and includes the following features: is standard. • Carbon fiber black spinner (only with the composite • To maintain current stall speeds at higher weights, prop, otherwise is matte black) flap deflection was increased to 35.5 degrees. • Black steps and handles Due to the higher loads from increased deflection • Jet black vents angles, the flap components had to be strengthened • Carbon instrument panel lobes – this is allowed for the flap deployment speed • Two-tone leather to be increased. • New carbon paint lines with two-tone options • Parachute changes: More weight equals bigger •***GTS also applies, meaning can be parachute, which is also made of new materials that Platinum GTS or Carbon GTS are lighter and stronger. The rocket also had to be beefed up – the diameter is larger (more thrust) and longer (increased burn time). • The rocket is electric, similar to automotive airbag technology. Power is drawn from both batteries and is hard wired. The sole method for deploying CAPS remains the red T-handle. • A deeper front to aft parachute bucket with the same exit hole size. • The wing spar was strengthened through the addition of extra plies. • The main landing gear was redesigned to facilitate the gross weight increase of the aircraft.

16 2014 IMPROVEMENTS • Lopresti Tri Tips: Basically boom beams for your • LED wing tip lights were promised, but were never wings. A huge improvement in visibility for night implemented. There were “certification” issues. flying; list price is around $7,500. • Enhanced braking system • Lopresti Ice Skates: A redesigned fireproof wheel pant • Tubeless tires that is made of carbon fiber; its lighter, stronger and allows for better brake cooling. The price for the Notable Options/Upgrades: whole set is around $9,500. • 10-inch screens on the Perspective: These screens • CIES Fuel Gauges: Digital fuel gauges that look great do exist and are denoted by a description of in the console, but depending on the version, may or “10-inch screens.” may not give you the increased accuracy that you are • Perspective with S-TEC 55X Autopilot: This system anticipating. Cost and install is around $5,000. was produced as a training platform to keep costs • New paint from a reputable shop like COPA favorite down. (Yes, it is out there, but is difficult to find.) Midwest Aircraft: Refinishing can range depending on • SuperCharged SR22 Forced Aeromotive Technologies design, but a good number to budget is $20,000. (FAT): This feature is less expensive than a Turbo • Midwest also can give you a brand new interior upgrade and will give about half the performance. at a cost of around $20,000. However, it is about half the weight of the Turbo • Tornado Alley's Turbo upgrade, complete with built-in option and many owners who have installed the FAT O2 and Hartzell composite prop; retails at $74,995. are pleased with its performance. • MT Propellers Composite 4 Blade Prop: Is around • 10th Anniversary SR22: This model has almost all the a $20,000 upgrade. options, including special paint and interior. • The formula for a parachute repack is pretty easy, • Avidyne R9: This system is Avidyne’s answer to the at around $1,500 per year, add or subtract for the Cirrus Perspective System. Aficionados say that the number of years used. user interface is more intuitive. • Lopresti Boom Beams: There are several different revisions depending on your aircraft. These are landing gear lights that are nine times brighter than your current system. A $1,500 upgrade.

Cirrus LINGO Below are terms along with brief explanations. other auction site, as a backup in case of failure. This system These terms are great to know if you are considering was included as standard equipment on all models. a Cirrus aircraft. Prices quoted are approximate “factory new” numbers. Avidyne EX5000C MFD This was the most common MFD in Cirrus aircraft until Air Conditioning late 2008 when Cirrus switched to the Perspective system. Self-explanatory (please see Air Conditioning section, Overall, this is a nice product offering several upgrade there have been several modifications) $21,900. paths. Avidyne is still in business and is going strong, so support of this unit should not be an issue and Avidyne Arnav ICDS-2000 MFD offers several warranty options for their panels. Original Cirrus OEM MFD resembling an old Atari game. The cost to upgrade this panel is $15,000, if upgrading This system was later purchased by Sagem and is now defunct from 2002 forward. and no longer supported by the manufacturer. Aircraft with this system currently installed could be in for a costly upgrade Avidyne DFC90 Digital Autopilot if the system fails and needs to be replaced. One option to This is offered as a slide-in replacement for the avoid a costly upgrade is to purchase a system on eBay, or S-TEC55X. The DFC90 is attitude based and features a

17 “Straight-and-Level” button, along with envelope protection CMax Jeppesen Approach Plates and envelope alerting. The DFC90 also adds IAS mode, This is an easy software upgrade including geo-referenced as well as improved flight director performance, mode airport/taxiway maps for Avidyne MFD. With the advent of annunciations in color and synchronized heading bug. tablet computers, ForeFlight and the like, this software The cost to upgrade to this panel is $12,000. is becoming less relevant. An ongoing subscription is required to maintain the software; the initial upgrade Avidyne DFC100 Digital Autopilot costs about $500. This unit is standard and fully integrated on Avidyne’s R9 and is only used with the R9 system. EFD1000 Pro PFD (Aspen PFD)

Avidyne IDF440 Many Cirrus owners upgrade to this unit after an HSI fails. This option is affordable and offers excellent Not yet certified for the Cirrus. This is Avidyne’s answer functionality over the cost of repairing the HSI. to Garmin’s GTN650, and should be an exciting product. Synthetic Vision is also available on this unit. Avidyne has presold units at $9,000.

Avidyne R9 Electronic Stability Protection (ESP) Avidyne’s answer to Garmin’s Perspective. This is a This is available on Perspective by Garmin aircraft and complete upgrade of the Cirrus avionics system. The R9 is was introduced in July 2010 standard with Garmin 700 an integrated flight deck complete with a QWERTY keypad, autopilot. The system predicts where the aircraft is going to and is fully redundant. The R9 features a fully integrated be while the autopilot is disengaged. If the control inputs DFC100 autopilot and most pilots agree it is much simpler to place the aircraft outside of a predetermined limit with use than the Cirrus Perspective. Synthetic Vision has been unusual attitude, the computer will assist with the correct certified and is available. Most R9s have been upgraded. inputs. This system helps to prevent stalls, spins, overspeeds The cost to upgrade to this system is $65,000. and steep spirals. The system is passive and does not take control of the aircraft, and can be manually deactivated. Carbon or Platinum Appearance Upgrade The cost to upgrade to this system is $7,500. $18,900 EMax Engine Monitor Century NSD-1000 HSI A total engine management system incorporating a This was mechanical HSI standard equipment and suffers graphical fuel totalizer, a lean-assist mode, and a percent from poor reliability, usually needing to be rebuilt every power display which takes the guesswork out of fuel and 200-300 hours. It was offered as standard equipment on power management. EMax also monitors fuel flow and earlier model Cirrus aircraft. computes nautical miles per gallon, fuel remaining, time remaining, fuel to waypoint and fuel to destination. Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS) Temperatures, pressures, RPM, fuel flow, OAT and electrical Standard equipment – never a Cirrus produced without bus voltages are also monitored and displayed. Note that the it! The Cirrus was ALWAYS going to have this safety feature. software version may affect data displayed. EMax will also (Designer Alan Klapmeier survived a mid-air collision, and log engine data. The cost of this system is $7,500. wanted to protect pilots. This was his answer.) Contrary to claims by some competitors, it was NOT just added on for Enhanced Vision Technology (EVS) spin testing – it was ALWAYS part of the aircraft design. This system consists of an infrared camera located under Cost of the “chute repack,” required every ten years (G2s the pilot side wing to create images of what is outside of the and most of the G1s have been completed by now) is aircraft, even in complete darkness. With this system, a pilot approxi­mately $15,000. This is a requirement; the airplane is can easily identify objects on a runway or taxiway, such as unairworthy without it. That equates to about $1,500 per year deer, obstructions, etc. The cost of this system is $10,000. for this life-saving feature – well worth it in my opinion. As of the date of this article there have been 49 deployments with 99 lives saved. WAY TO GO, CIRRUS – THANK YOU!

18 ETAWS or EGPWS KGP-560 Garmin GNC250 GPS/COM The Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System Communications radio and VFR-only GPS navigator – provides visual and audible warnings when in close rarely implemented. proximity to the ground during flight. The terrain display depicts terrain ahead of the aircraft, MSL altitude, Magnetic Garmin GTX330 Track, Range in NM, and the elevation of the highest and Mode S Transponder with TIS traffic datalink lowest terrain features are shown on the display. Terrain transponder and ATC radar traffic uplink. Known as “TIS,” elevation relative to the aircraft altitude is represented by traffic information is received from the ATC system and different colors, which adjust as aircraft altitude changes. requires the aircraft to be within a radar environment for Terrain can be shown ranging from 2.5 nm to 320 nm and this system to operate. Sometimes, this is also referred to can be viewed at 360 degrees or as a 120-degree forward- as “passive traffic.” The cost of this system is $3,000. looking view. The cost of this system is $12,500. Garmin GMA 350 Audio Panel Flight Director Found only in the Cirrus Perspective, this system The system consists of yellow wedge command bars includes better audio transmission within the cockpit. For which provide the pilot with a visual cue to hand-fly example, a rear passenger can make a phone call privately programmed altitudes, descents, climbs, headings, routes while this system is in place. The system includes digital and approaches. The cost of this system is $2,500. playback capability and smart phones can be plugged into the face of the panel. XM radio can also be distributed Flight Into Known Ice (FIKI) throughout the cabin and 3D audio allows pilots to monitor Allows pilots to legally fly into known ice conditions and two different frequencies more easily. was first made available in 2009. A full deicing reservoir in this system will reduce the aircraft’s useful load by 73 Garmin GFC700 Digital Autopilot pounds. Integrating this system into an existing aircraft This standard equipment system is fully integrated with will introduce a number of overall changes to the aircraft. the Perspective by Garmin system and operates with digital Please see the FIKI section in this booklet for a complete “smart” servos as opposed to analog feedback servo-motors. breakdown of the system. The cost is $49,995. The system features a Straight and Level Button, IAS feature, underspeed protection and a VNV (Vertical Navigation) Garmin GNS 430 GPS NAV/COM feature. A Go Around Button will allow the autopilot This standard equipment was Garmin’s flagship radio to remain connected when going around with pitches consisting of a Nav/Com and GPS. Two are found near up to seven degrees and wings level. the top of the avionics stack in many Cirrus aircraft. GPSS Garmin GNS 420 GPS/COM This GPS Steering function came as standard Can be found in the second position of some Cirrus equipment with the S-TEC 55X and may be found avionics stacks. This lower cost version is an IFR non- on older Cirrus aircraft. precision approach GPS/COM – the unit does not have a NAV or provide a localizer/glideslope. The inclusion of this Garmin GTN650W Touch Screen GPS/NAV/COM system realizes a reduction of $7,500 in overall aircraft cost. Many owners upgraded to the iPhone-like 650s. The unit offers WAAS capabilities and new features like intuitive Garmin GNS 430W/GNS420W touchscreen operation, graphical flight planning, Victor Garmin’s Wide Area Augmentation System comes in a airway and high-altitude jet route navigation, remote couple of configurations. The Cirrus recommended option transponder, SafeTaxi® and more. Cost of the upgrade with antennas mounted on the aircraft is the more expensive depends on the “trade in” specials that Garmin runs, but option. The SB version with an antenna mounted under the generally $15,000. dash provides for a lower cost version of the system. The cost of this system is about $15,000.

19 Hypoxia Check w/Automatic Descent Perspective Global Connect This system is available only on the Perspective system. It This system accesses an on-demand Iridium satellite monitors button pushes above 15,000 feet. An advisory network for communications and data and is fully message is created if the pilot is idle over a programmed integrated. It allows satellite phone calls to be made in flight period of time determined by flight altitude. If the pilot through headsets, and text messages to be sent and received. remains idle after the advisory message is displayed, then a World-wide weather is included. An ongoing subscription warning message is displayed and autopilot will enter into a is required to maintain the service. The cost of the system descent to 14,000 feet and level out for four minutes. If no is $15,900. response is noted within the four-minute period, then the autopilot will descend the aircraft to 12,500 feet and remain Perspective Plus at that altitude. Adds a yaw damper, EVS Camera, second Air Data Computer; $36,900. Oxygen There are two oxygen options available: Premium Select 1. Semi-portable: A low capacity system mounted in Adds tinted rear windows, polished spinner, sterling the back seat of the aircraft. The cost of this system or two-tone paint, leather interior; $39,900. is $1,500. 2. Built-in: In late 2006, a built-in system was made S-TEC 55X Autopilot available utilizing a 77-cubic-foot tank and plumbed This is the dominant, standard equipment Cirrus outlets in the cockpit for all occupants of the aircraft. autopilot, and is a fully functioning autopilot, including: The cost of this system is $10,000 (standard on heading, navigation, vertical speed, altitude hold, altitude Turbo models). preselect, GPS Steer (GPSS), and glideslope capture. Some complain that the autopilot has a tendency to “hunt” in PFD windy conditions. The Avidyne Entegra Primary Flight Display (PFD) S-TEC 55SR Autopilot replaced the “six pack” in the aircraft. The Avidyne Entegra system was followed by the Garmin Perspective system, also This autopilot system is less expensive than the 55X and featuring a PFD display. does not include altitude preselect or glideslope capture. The inclusion of this system in an aircraft will reduce the base Platinum Engine price by $5,000. A dynamically balanced and blueprinted engine that S-TEC 30 Autopilot had an extended warranty period. The cost of this engine was $4,500. This system is found on some aircraft circa 1999-2003 and consists of a round three-inch, panel-mounted control Perspective Alerts, Awareness & Assistance head providing tracking via heading bug, or by VOR, LOC Adds Active Traffic, ETAWS, ChartView or GPS. The autopilot in this system does include altitude $37,900. hold, but does not include altitude preselect. The inclusion of this autopilot system in an aircraft will reduce the base price Perspective by Garmin by $7,000. This system was made standard equipment starting with Skywatch the mid-2008 SR22 Cirrus and was Garmin’s answer to the G1000 system found in other aircraft. This system was An active traffic system which displays the relative specifically designed for Cirrus aircraft and was fully position of other aircraft which are using a transponder. integrated, featuring large 12-inch displays, SVT, keyboard Skywatch displays on both the GNS430 and the MFD and a fully integrated 700 autopilot with a LVL and go display. An audible alert feature is standard on newer around features. models and can be added to older models. The cost of this system is $21,500.

20 Sandel 3308 HSI WX500 Stormscope This Digital HSI multi-mode horizontal situation A lighting detection system capable of displaying instant indicator is an upgrade from the Century HSI lightning information on the MFD. The overall weight of Standard SR22. this system is six pounds and the cost of the system is $12,900. Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) This system provides a 3D view of the world around the Yaw Damper aircraft. With this system, depicted terrain turns yellow as a This upgrade is available only with the Perspective caution and red for immediate danger. Traffic is easy to spot system; it provides a smoother ride and requires minimal and enhanced obstacle awareness is included. Flight path rudder input in climbs and turns. The overall weight of this markers, airports and runways are shown. Available with upgrade is four pounds and the cost is $14,900. Perspective and Avidyne R9. Xi Edition Cirrus Tanis Engine Preheater These aircraft were highly customized to the owners’ Preheats your engine during colder weather, $1,490 specifications (logos, paint choices, etc.), and cost was (standard with FIKI package). approximately $39,900.

TAWS XM Audio Garmin 430 displayed Terrain Awareness Warning This system allows XM radio to be played in the cabin System, not capable of displaying on MFD and has no and is available on 2005-current models as an option; it audible alerts. The cost of this system is $500. It is included includes a remote control for operation. with WAAS units. XM Weather TKS This is a satellite-based weather system displayed on This is an inadvertent deicing protection system MFD. An ongoing subscription is required. The initial cost consisting of titanium panels with laser drilled holes. of the system is $7,500. A mixture of glycol, alcohol and water (TKS fluid) is pumped through the panel holes while a propeller “slinger” deices the propeller; the slinger fluid additionally serves to deice the windshield. This system is not certified to be flown into known ice. The weight of the system with full fluid is 27 pounds for the G2; 34.5 pounds for the G4. The cost of this system is $15,000 when ordered with the airplane; it cannot be added in the field.

21 CIRRUS SR22 Advancements First CofA 01/17/2001 G3 - Wing 04/27/2007

First Delivery 07/27/2001 G3 – Rudder Aileron 04/27/2007

All Electric 08/01/2001 G3 – Useful Load 04/27/2007

Avidyne EX5000C 02/03/2002 G3 – Fuel Capacity 04/27/2007

Traffic Information 06/20/2002 G3 – Wingtip Lights 04/27/2007

Ice Protection 10/27/2002 Cirrus Perspective 05/06/2008

Emax 08/04/2002 CP – Digital Autopilot 05/06/2008

Avidyne PFD 03/12/2003 CP – Yaw Damper 05/06/2008

Centennial Edition 08/02/2003 CP – Synthetic Vision 05/06/2008

6-Point Engine Mount 08/02/2003 CP – Electrical System 05/06/2008

Platinum Engine 01/01/2004 CP – Environmental 05/06/2008

3rd Year Warranty 01/24/2004 EVS Night Vision 11/30/2008

G2 Airframe 04/30/2004 FIKI- Known Ice 01/01/2009 FIKI-Dynamic Stall Beveled Firewall 04/30/2004 01/01/2009 Warn XM Weather 08/06/2004 50 lb weight savings 01/01/2009

ETAWS 08/27/2004 Improved Gascolator 01/16/2009

CMAX 10/13/2004 X-Edition 01/27/2009

Flight Director 02/14/2005 Improved Starter 02/01/2009

Airbag Seatbelts 07/11/2005 2nd Air Data Computer 06/01/2009

XM Audio 07/30/2005 Perspective Plus Package 01/25/2010

Factory A/C 03/27/2006 Xi Customization 01/27/2010

406 MHz ELT 06/09/2006 SR22T 06/25/2010

SE Edition 08/10/2006 Oleo Nose Strut 06/25/2010

Sterling Paint 08/12/2006 10 lb Weight Reduction 06/25/2010

22 Turbo Normalizing 12/01/2006 Enhanced Stall Warning 08/16/2010 5-Year Spinner to Tail Oxygen System 1/16/2007 10/28/2010 Warranty 3 Blade Comp Prop 01/30/2007 Improved TKS Gauges 12/01/2010

WAAS GPS 04/04/2007 Hypoxia & Auto-Descent 12/20/2010 ESP – Envelope X Package two-tone 04/22/2007 12/20/2010 Protection AP Coupled Go-Around LED Nav, Strobe and 12/20/2010 01/01/2012 Mode Landing Lights AP Underspeed 12/20/2010 Digital Fuel Gauges 05/01/2012 Protection 10th Anniversary Improved Man/Oil Press 01/01/2011 08/16/2012 Edition Sensor G5- Wheel Fairing ADS-B Out Transponder 01/01/2011 02/07/2013 Access Carbon and Platinum G5- Main Spar 01/01/2012 02/07/2013 Package Strengthening Improved Field Control G5- Increased Flap 11/12/2011 02/07/2013 Module Speeds Garmin ADS-B In G5- Larger Rocket and 01/01/2012 02/07/2013 TCAD Chute Main Gear G5- 200 lbs useful load 01/01/2012 02/07/2013 Strengthening increase 60/40 3-Place Rear Seat 01/01/2012 Vision Inspired SR22T 02/07/2013 Additional 10 lb weight 01/01/2012 Electronic Flap Relays 06/03/2013 savings Enhanced Braking Garmin 3D Audio 01/01/2012 01/01/2014 System Global Connect 01/01/2012 Tubeless Tires 01/01/2014 Satphone

23 About the Author: Jaime Steel is the president of Steel Aviation, a company In 2014, Steel Aviation that specializes in Cirrus aircraft. Jaime has closed more launched its For the Love than 1,200 Cirrus transactions in her career and helped of Flight program, where each year it grants a deserving clients with the purchase and sale of broad range of other student from a local school to begin their flight career free types of aircraft. Jaime grew up in a hangar, so aviation is of charge. Steel Aviation believes that encouraging young more of a passion than a job for her. In 2013, she and her people to fly is vital to the growth of general aviation. husband Danny purchased an airport west of Dayton, Ohio Jaime and her pilot husband, Danny, live in Casstown, to prevent it from closing. Today they are in the process of a Ohio with her two little girls Tenley Danielle and Miley total airport renovation. Steel Aviation is passionate about Chevelle, as well as a variety of animals. Please visit their aircraft safety, and staunchly support safety efforts within website at www.steelaviation.com; or drop in and say the aviation community. “Hi!” if you’re in the area.

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