JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS in MISSISSIPPI Geoffry Alan Haines University of Southern Mississippi
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The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Fall 12-2007 JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN MISSISSIPPI Geoffry Alan Haines University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Educational Leadership Commons, and the Elementary and Middle and Secondary Education Administration Commons Recommended Citation Haines, Geoffry Alan, "JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN MISSISSIPPI" (2007). Dissertations. 1312. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1312 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN MISSISSIPPI by Geoffry Alan Haines A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: December 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. COPYRIGHT BY GEOFFRY ALAN HAINES 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The University of Southern Mississippi JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN MISSISSIPPI by Geoffry Alan Haines Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN MISSISSIPPI by Geoffry Alan Haines December 2007 The purpose of this study was to assess job satisfaction of high school principals in Mississippi as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). The primary question addressed by the study was: What is the overall job satisfaction level of high school principals in Mississippi as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire? In addition to the primary question, six other questions were addressed by the study. They were: a) What is the general satisfaction level of high school principals in Mississippi according to the following demographic variables: public or private school, gender, age, ethnicity, level of education, salary level, years of experience as a teacher and administrator, school size and school socio-economic level? b) Is there a relationship between general job satisfaction and the Mississippi Department of Education rating level (1-5) among principals in public schools? c) What is the satisfaction level of high school principals in Mississippi for each of the 20 dimensions of the job as measured by the MSQ? d) Which of the demographic variables of public or private school, gender, age, ethnicity, experience, school size and Mississippi school rating can be predictors of general job satisfaction for high school principals in Mississippi? and e) What effects has the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) had upon job satisfaction of Mississippi high school principals? All 355 of the high school principals in the state of Mississippi were invited to participate in the research. One hundred fifty three of them responded. This represented 43% of the state’s high school principals. Each principal completed the demographic data sheet, the MSQ and responded to questions concerning the No Child Left Behind Act. The Long-Form Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to measure job satisfaction. This instrument utilized a 20- ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. dimension Likert-type scale with five response alternatives ranging from "Very Dissatisfied" (weighted 1) to "Very Satisfied" (weighted 5). On this scale, the general satisfaction score for the respondents resulted in a mean of 3.93 (SD= .55) indicating that these principals are "Satisfied" (3.00-3.99) with their jobs. According to the demographic variables, all general satisfaction scores were within or above the "Satisfied" range. The mean scores for the 20 dimensions ranged from "Satisfied" (3.00-3.99) to "Very Satisfied" (4.00-4.99). Compensation ranked the lowest in the (M=3.30, SD=1.02), and Moral Values ranked the highest (M=4.29, SD= .55). In relation to the No Child Left Behind Act 58% of those surveyed reported that they have less job satisfaction since initiation of NCLB. This could be due to higher stress and increased workloads as 79% report having increased stress levels and 86% report an increased workload. At the same time 70% report being able to spend less time with their families or significant other. Recommendations for further research included longitudinal and interval studies to determine if changes occur over time, studies to include elementary and middle school principals, a study to investigate how a principals job satisfaction level affects job performance of the schools teachers and success of students, a qualitative study including interviews to determine more specifics and insight into principals job satisfaction and possibly bring to light new issues related to job satisfaction. Also, further investigations into the relationship of the No Child Left Behind Act are warranted in relation to budget constraints, high stakes testing, special education, accountability and other areas mentioned in comments principals made during this study. in Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to acknowledge the assistance of his dissertation committee Dr. David Lee, Chair, Dr. Rose McNeese, Dr. James Johnson and Dr. Gary Peters. Without each of you and your help, this project would not have reached completion. Special thanks to Dr. Thelma Roberson and Dr. Randy Anderson for their guidance and advice. A special thanks also to my friend Deb Winans who helped me get through our stats classes and with proofreading of this document. To Lydia Frass who is a true friend and always there to lend an ear and offer advice. Most importantly, the author would like to thank his children Heather and Christopher who have stood behind him with encouragement and support during his time away from them while he attended classes and completed this research. To all of you and the many unnamed who played a part in my educational process here at The University of Southern Mississippi, I am deeply indebted to you all and would not have completed this work without your help and guidance. Thanks to all. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES.........................................................................................................viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................1 Principals Job Description The Job is Becoming More Complex The Importance of Job Satisfaction Theoretical Framework Problem Statement Purpose Research Questions Definitions Assumptions Limitations Justification II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE................................................................18 Introduction Job Satisfaction - An Overview Job Satisfaction and Gender Job Satisfaction and Race and Ethnicity Job Satisfaction and Age Job Satisfaction and Salary Job Satisfaction and Education Level Job Satisfaction and Longevity in the Position Job Satisfaction, Burnout and Turnover Job Satisfaction and the Principalship Job Satisfaction, School Size and Location Job Satisfaction and Private Schools Job Satisfaction and Mississippi School Rating Job Satisfaction and the Principal Shortage Job Satisfaction and the Recruiting and Retention of Principals III. METHODOLOGY................................................................................ 84 Design of the Study Participants Data Collection Procedures vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Instrumentation Individual Data Sheets The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Reliability Validity Method of Analysis IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA........................................................................ 91 V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................116 APPENDICES................................................................................................................ 129 REFERENCES............................................................................................................... 157 vn Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Pilot Study MSQ Subscale Reliability ...................................................... 89 2. Frequency Distributions for Demographic Variables .................................