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Nota Científica Nota científica Modificaciones al género Thelypteris (Thelypteridaceae) de la flora de Oaxaca Raúl Contreras-Medina1*, Eder Abel Aparicio Bautista1 & Ricardo Balam-Narváez1 Resumen Abstract En esta contribución se presenta una actua- In this contribution, a nomenclatural lización nomenclatural para las especies de update of species belonging to the family la familia Thelypteridaceae del estado de Thelypteridaceae in the state of Oaxaca is Oaxaca. La actualización en los géneros provoca que presented. In this update, the genus Thelypteris ya no se registre el género Thelypteris para la flora is no longer be recorded in the Oaxaca’s flora, de Oaxaca y en su lugar se reconocen cinco nuevos and in its place five new genera are recogni- géneros (Amauropelta, Christella, Goniopteris, zed (Amauropelta, Christella, Goniopteris, Leptogramma y Meniscium). Se sugiere que las Leptogramma and Meniscium). We suggested nuevas combinaciones nomenclaturales sean inte- that new nomenclatural combinations must be gradas a los nuevos listados florísticos que se elabo- integrated in the new floristic checklists for ferns ren para los helechos de Oaxaca e incluso para todo in Oaxaca, as well as all of southeastern Mexico. el sureste de México. Palabras clave: Diversidad, filogenia, hele- Key words: Diversity, ferns, nomenclature, chos, nomenclatura, taxonomía. phylogeny, taxonomy. Recibido: 25 de junio de 2020 Aceptado: 20 de octubre de 2020. Introducción últimos años se han propuesto diversos Los avances en estudios moleculares de arreglos taxonómicos para los helechos, la biodiversidad han sido vertiginosos que implican el resurgimiento de géneros en los últimos años; esto ha permitido o su elevación de rango de subgénero a que se generen nuevas filogenias de género o propuestas de nuevos géneros. diferentes grupos biológicos, las cuales Los resultados de las filogenias han propiciado que se propongan moleculares para muchas familias de nuevos géneros, resurjan algunos Polypodiophyta han sido aceptados e otros y que algunas especies crípticas incorporados dentro de la clasificación sean reconocidas. Dentro de toda esta taxonómica general para los helechos información generada por las filogenias propuestas por el llamado Pteridophyte moleculares, los helechos no han sido la Phylogeny Group o PPG I (2016), el cual excepción (Almeida & Salino 2016). En los emulando a su contraparte del Angiosperm 1 Laboratorio de Biodiversidad, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca (UABJO). Av. Universidad s/n, Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, CP. 68120, México. Ciencia y Mar 2021, XXV (73): 85-91 * Autor de correspondencia: [email protected] (RCM) 85 Phylogeny Group (APG IV 2016), propone Ponce & Zanotti 2018, Kuo et al. 2020), de una clasificación para el grupo de los los cuales sólo cinco presentan distribución helechos y licopodios, incorporando la en el sureste de México. información de las filogenias moleculares A pesar de que el género Thelypteris y generando un listado consensuado fue descrito en 1763, no figura en los de todos los géneros válidos de primeros trabajos florísticos del sureste Polypodiophyta y Lycopodiophyta para de México. Por ejemplo, en el estudio el mundo. Dentro del PPG I (2016) se de Rovirosa (1909) aparecen algunos encuentran pteridólogos de reconocido nombres de sinónimos de diferentes prestigio a nivel mundial, tales como Alan especies de Thelypteris, tales como R. Smith, Peter Hovenkamp, Christopher Polypodium tetragonum Sw. [= Thelypteris Haufler, Robbin Moran, Paulo H. Labiak, tetragona (Sw.) Small] y Nephrodium Tom A. Ranker, Benjamin Øllgaard, patens (Sw.) Desv. [=Thelypteris patens Michael Kessler, Michael Sundue, Fay- (Sw.) Small]; no obstante, una especie Wey Li y Xian-Chun Zhang, todos ellos con aparece con su nombre actualmente descripciones de nuevos géneros y nuevas legítimo en la pteridografía de Rovirosa especies de helechos en el Neotrópico, así (1909): Meniscium serratum Cav. (Fig. 1) como también una participación activa en [=Thelypteris serrata (Cav.) Alston] (Tabla la generación de filogenias de diferentes I). familias y propuestas de arreglos taxonómicos sobre el grupo. En el caso del estudio florístico realizado por Conzatti (1946) tampoco Thelypteridaceae Holttum es una de las incluye al género Thelypteris, pero también familias de mayor diversidad de helechos incorpora sinónimos de especies de dicho con más de 1,000 especies en el mundo, género, como Dryopteris patens (Sw.) lo que representa cerca del 10% de toda Kuntze [=Thelypteris patens (Sw.) Small] la diversidad de helechos a nivel global y Nephrodium unitum R. Br. [=Thelypteris (PPG I 2016). La filogenia y taxonomía interrrupta (Will.) K. Iwats]. Por otro de esta familia han sido estudiadas en lado, dos especies aparecen con sus los últimos años a partir de las filogenias nombres actualmente legítimos en la flora moleculares (He & Zhang 2012; Santos taxonómica de Conzatti (1946): Goniopteris et al. 2014, Salino et al. 2015, Almeida et tetragona (Sw.) C. Presl [=Thelypteris al. 2016, Kuo et al. 2020), resultando en tetragona (Sw.) Small] y Meniscium cambios nomenclaturales importantes, reticulatum (L.) Sw. [=Thelypteris reticulata entre ellos la circunscripción de Thelypteris (L.) Proctor] (Tabla I). Más recientemente, Schmidel, género tipo de la familia. Mickel & Beitel (1988) en su “Pteridophyte Actualmente, los trabajos sobre flora of Oaxaca” reconocen 45 especies filogenias moleculares y el principio de pertenecientes al género Thelypteris, monofilia dentro de Thelypteridaceae, dan ubicándolo como uno de los géneros con como resultado que algunos subgéneros mayor número de especies en la entidad. dentro de Thelypteris hayan sido elevados En el listado más actualizado de al rango de género, tales como Amauropelta especies de helechos de Oaxaca (Tejero- Kunze, Christella H. Lév, Cyclosorus Link, Díez & Mickel 2011), el género Thelypteris Goniopteris C. Presl, Leptogramma J. Sm., era uno de los que presentaba una mayor Meniscium Schreb., Stegnogramma Blume riqueza con 46 especies; con las nuevas y Steiropteris C. Chr. (Almeida et al. 2016, Ciencia y Mar 2021, XXV (73): 85-91 propuestas de clasificación y los cambios 86 Contreras-Medina et al. Figura 1. Meniscium serratum Cav. Dibujo modificado de Rovirosa (1909). Figura 2. Diversidad de Thelypteridaceae en Oaxaca. Ciencia y Mar 2021, XXV (73): 85-91 Modificaciones al géneroThelypteris ... 87 nomenclaturales hechos por el PPG I (2016) se concluye que el género Thelypteris (2016), el género ya no se encuentra en sentido estricto, actualmente está en Oaxaca y en su lugar se reconocen constituido por dos especies T. confluens los géneros Amauropelta, Christella, (Thunb.) C.V. Morton y T. palustris Schott, Goniopteris, Leptogramma y Meniscium con la primera con una amplia distribución en diferente número de especies cada uno el hemisferio sur, mientras que la segunda en el estado (Tabla I), siendo Amauropelta se distribuye en el este de América del el de mayor diversidad con 19 especies Norte, Europa y Asia (Tryon et al. 1980, (Fig. 2). La única especie incluida por Salino et al. 2015). Tejero-Díez & Mickel (2011) dentro de la Los avances en las investigaciones familia que se mantiene con su nombre botánicas de los helechos y la continua es Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) actualización basada en las nuevas Ching. publicaciones relacionadas con la En varios países ya se han comenzado pteridoflora de México, demuestran a implementar las nuevas combinaciones la necesidad e importancia de las para la familia Thelypteridaceae, tal es actualizaciones en los nombres de el caso de Nueva Zelanda (Brownsey & las especies a partir de las nuevas Perrie 2016) y Argentina (Ponce & Zanotti combinaciones taxonómicas, como 2018). En el caso particular de Oaxaca y resultado de la creciente evidencia considerando los cambios nomenclaturales proveniente de las filogenias moleculares señalados con las nuevas combinaciones, (Ponce & Zanotti 2018). la familia Thelypteridaceae estaría De todo lo anterior se deriva que el actualmente constituida por seis géneros género Thelypteris ya no forma parte de y 47 especies (Tabla I). la flora de Oaxaca, por lo que las nuevas A partir de la información brindada combinaciones nomenclaturales deberán por los análisis filogenéticos (He & Zhang de ser integradas a los nuevos listados 2012, Almeida et al. 2016) y por el PPG I florísticos que se elaboren para los Figura 3. Especies de Thelypteridaceae presentes en Oaxaca. A) Goniopteris liebmannii, B) Goniopteris blanda, C) Amauropelta oligocarpa. Ciencia y Mar 2021, XXV (73): 85-91 88 Contreras-Medina et al. Tabla I. Listado de especies de Thelypteridaceae de Oaxaca. En la columna de la izquierda se muestran los nombres registrados con anterioridad, los cuales pasan a ser sinónimos nomenclaturales, mientras que en la derecha aparecen las nuevas combinaciones. Tejero-Díez & Mickel (2011) Nombre actual Género Amauropelta Kunze Thelypteris atrovirens (C. Chr.) C.F. Reed Amauropelta atrovirens (C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida Thelypteris balbisii (Spreng.) Ching Amauropelta balbisii (Spreng.) A.R. Sm. Thelypteris cheilanthoides (Kunze) Proctor var. Amauropelta cheilanthoides (Kunze) Á. & D. Löve cheilanthoides Thelypteris cinerea (Sodiro) A.R. Sm. Amauropelta cinerea (Sodiro) A.R. Sm. Thelypteris concinna (Willd.) Ching Amauropelta concinna (Willd.) Pic. Serm. Thelypteris deflexa (C. Presl) R.M. Tryon Amauropelta deflexa (C. Presl) Á. & D. Löve Thelypteris linkiana (C. Presl) R.M. Tryon Amauropelta linkiana
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