National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form 1
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NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places JWR14 BBS Inventory—Nomination Form 2.3 1985 See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections 1. Name historic Tuscumbia Historic District and/or common 2. Location Bordered roughly on the North by North Commons; on the East by East Commons; street & number on the south by Eighth St., including Spring Park; on -^A not for publication the West by Hooks St. including extension of W. 4th, W. 5th Sts. & S. Milton taking in steel city, town_____ Tuscumbia ___________ NA_ vicinity of congressional district 5 bridge state Alabama code 01 county Colbert code 033 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use X district public X occupied agriculture museum building(s) private X unoccupied X commercial X park structure _Kboth work in progress educational X private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment X religious object in process X yes: restricted X government scientific being considered yes: unrestricted X industrial transportation NA no military other: 4. Owner of Property name Multiple Ownership street & number city, town vicinity of state 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Colbert County Courthouse street & number 201 N. Main Street city, town Tuscumbia state Alabama 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title See continuation sheet has this property been determined eligible? __ yes .X_ no date depository for survey records city, town state 7. Description Condition Check one Check one excellent deteriorated unaltered X original site X good ruins _JL_ altered moved date fair unexposed Describe the present and original (iff known) physical appearance The Tuscunibia Historic District contains 639 properties that represent a diversity of residential, commercial, institutional, recreational buildings and sites associated with over 150 years of development in the city of Tuscumbia. The district is roughly located in an area that incorporates much of the town f s original 1817 street plan. The district includes the 1973 Colbert County Courthouse Square District which detailed 22 buildings, two of which were subsequently torn down, out of approximately 160 that were located in the 20-block area. The Tuscumbia Historic District contains, overall, sixty-five complete blocks and thirty-one partial blocks with streets running in a North-South, East-West grid pattern. The district is bordered on the north by the North Commons, on the east by a small section off East Commons; on the south by Eighth Street, and on the west by Hooks Street and encompasses an area covering approximately 304 acres. There are 461 or 74% of the buildings and sites of domestic, commercial, institutional, industrial and recreational use that are currently contributing or potentially con tributing to the character of the district. Of these properties 326 or 51% are currently contributing properties, and 145 or 23% are potentially contributing to the character of the district because of the use of artificial siding, of some type, covering original wall treatment or because of reversible alterations. There are 169 or 26% of the buildings that do not contribute to the character of the district be cause of age (less than fifty years) or because of irreversible alterations. Included within the district are two geographical features which have strong associa tion with the development of Tuscumbia, these being Spring Park and the North Commons, which is the last undeveloped site representing the original boundary of the town. Located on the Commons is Deshler Stadium (#6) which was constructed in 1941 as a major Works Progress Administration project for Tuscumbia. Domestic architecture found in the district includes several Tidewater-type cottages, which date from the 1820 f s and 1830 f s and are the earliest folk-house type found in the district; Greek Revival, although of very limited number; Queen Anne; Folk Victorian; Bungalow Style as well as Tudor. Also present are examples of houses that do not dis play any particular style. The institutional architecture of the district includes the oldest church in the dis trict, the 1827 Federal Period, First Presbyterian Church (#344) and St. John's Episcopal Church (#183). St. John's Episcopal Church, completed in 1852, is an example of Carpenter Gothic found in the district and is the oldest known religious building displaying this style in Alabama. Almost at the center of the district is the Court house Square, which has been the site of the Colbert County Courthouse since 1881. The present courthouse (#247), built in 1909, utilized the brick walls of the fire-gutted 1881 courthouse and displays an Ionic portico and distinctive clock tower. The commercial area of the district includes several of the oldest known commercial buildings in Alabama. These are the Morgan-Donilan Building (#326), a simple 2^ story brick building constructed in 1825, and a group of seven contiguous, two-story brick commercial buildings (which were built in the mid-1830's) known as "Commercial Row." (continued on continuation sheet) 8. Significance Period Areas of Significance — Check and justify below prehistoric archeology-prehistoric community planning landscape architecture religion 1400-1499 archeology-historic conservation law science 1500-1599 agriculture economics literature sculpture 1600-1699 X architecture education military social/ 1700-1799 art engineering music humanitarian _JL_ 1800-1 899 X commerce exploration/settlement philosophy theater X 1900- communications industry X politics/government X transportation invention other (specify) Specific dates 1825-1941 Builder/Architect unknown Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) Criterion A - Politics/Government The Tuscumbia Historic District is significant for its association with government thru its service as the county seat of Colbert County. Tuscumbia first served as county seat after Colbert County was created in February 1867 until its abolishment by the State Constitutional Convention of November 1867. In December of 1869 Colbert County was again created by the Legislature and Tuscumbia has served as county seat from that time on. Since 1881 the block on which the present (1909) courthouse is located has been the site of the Colbert County Courthouse. Criterion B - Politics/Government The Tuscumbia Historic District is significant for its association with several govern ment and political figures of. city, county and state significance who have lived within its boundaries. These figures include!Robert Burns Lindsayt Alabama's only foreign- born governor, who was elected as a Conservative Democrat in 1870 over Republican William Smith. \Edward B. Almon (is another figure of political significance who lived in the district, having served in the State Senate, was Speaker of the Alabama House and served as 'a Circuit Judge. Almon was also a member of the U. S. House of Represen tatives and was instrumental in the development of the Federal Highway System, the con struction of Wilson Dam and the Nitrate Plants at Muscle Shoals, and in the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Other political and government figures who have lived within the district include: \Archie Carmichael '(#576) who served as a state legislator, was a candidate for governor in 1926, and succeeded E. B. Almon in the U. S. Congress; I John Anthony Steelej(#88), who served as Colbert County Probate Judge, as a member of the state legislature and as a member of the Secession Convention of 1861;{William Cooper](#487) who was also a member of the Secession Convention of 1861 and was appointed by Gov. A. B. Moore in December 1860 as a special commissioner to the state of Missouri, to advise that state on its actions regarding secession;)Charles Womble (#246) who was the first Probate Judge of Colbert County;\William R. JulianJ who served as Colbert County's first sheriff; and (Philip G. Godley |(#169) who served as Tuscumbia's first mayor. Criterion C - Architecture The Tuscumbia Historic District is significant for its architecture, both domestic and commercial, which represents a sweep of styles and types spanning a period of over one hundred years. The district contains a diverse collection of domestic architecture that ranges from the Tidewater-type cottages which are the oldest houses in the district. These houses illustrate the influence of early house types transplanted from the upper seaboard southern states of Maryland and Virginia, an area from where most of Tuscumbia's early settlers immigrated. Greek Revival, although of very limited influence on the (continued on continuation sheeti 9. Major Bibliographical References See continuation sheet. 10. Geographical Data Acreage of nominated property 304 acres approximately Quadrangle name Tuscumbia Quadrangle scale 1:24000 UTM References A ln6 I Ubielo io iol b is k |4 |o p p I B 116 Ul3i7loioi2l Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing C I Ii6l Ul3i7lOiOi4l |3|8|4|3|2|2|0| D liiel UbielsiOiol IsisUisloiOiel EUi6| |4|3,6|2,5,0| | 3 ,8 |4 ,2 |9 |2 ,0 | F |1|6| |4|3|5|4,8|0| 13,814,218,6,01 GUi6| 1413,510,0,51 13,814,219,8,01 H |1,6| |4|3|4|7,7|0| |3 ,8 |4 ,3 |2 ,8 ,0 | see contir _____________________________IT at ion shee Verbal boundary description and justification The boundary of the Tuscumbia Historic District (see red line on attached scale map) reflects the greatest concentration of structures and sites which represents approximately 110 years of development within the original town plan of Tuscumbia.________________ List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries state NA code county code state code county code 11. Form Prepared By name/title Michael Bailey, Historic Resource Coordinator organization Alabama Historical Commission date March 5, 1985 street & number 725 Monroe Street telephone 205 261-3184 city or town Montgomery state Alabama 12.