Lesson 4:Prehistoric rock art Archaeology Summer Camp in prehistoric times. Archaeologists refer to these as about the everyday life of prehistoric people were recordedWhile writing did inrocks not exist and caves during this informs time, stories, of images. calendars, specifictell usalot events, about the people and that other were information here before us,yet this is notto the learn only thing about the they ways left of behind. life in prehistoric times. These objects are like clues to the past that can PETROGLYPHS PICTOGRAPHS What are the different types of rock art inthe Southwest? In previous lessons, we learned that archaeologists study artifacts, ecofacts, features, and sites inorder and to protect them from vandalism. study them today. Archaeologists also work hard to preserveoccur over both time petroglyphs dueto weathering, and pictographs many petroglyphs remain visible allowingof rocks. archaeologists Different to stone tools were used to carveusing natural these images and although pigments, fading can petroglyphs also were madeby pecking, scraping,information or carving on the surface like stories, beliefs, and specific events. But unlike pictographs that were made caves and archaeologists often study them to learn more abouttend the to people last that longer created tan those more them. exposed. Still, many of these images remainmaking in rocks them difficult and to see. Those recorded inside cavesdifferent or inlocations hidden weather from conditions the sun, like rain and exposureand used to their the fingers sun, pictographs or brushes madeout of humanhair fade to paint over time on the rock. Because of these images used different colors made out of natural materials found in their environment Like pictographs, petroglyphs are also images that were created inorder to record different A pictograph is an image created on a rock using natural pigments. The people who created 7 MAY 2021 KOLK, MELINDA. DECHE37502.JPG . 1-OCT. PICS4LEARNING. ANTELOPE HOUSEPICTOGRAPH -CANYON DECHELLY rock art , and there are different ways in which rock art was created 7 MAY 2021 CHACOPETROGLYPH1.JPG. 1-OCT. PICS4LEARNING. KOLK, MELINDA. CHAC O PETROGLYPH Use natural ingredients around your house to create your own natural pigments! hematite, ochre, and limonite. ent tones of reds, browns and yellows were madeusing differentfound types inthe environment of minerals like around them. Black was usually createdThe colors using charcoal used inprehistoric and differ- times to create pictographs depended on the natural materials Activity: Create your own natural pigments at home! • • • • • • Materials: • • • • Materials: • • • • Materials: Small bowl Sifter Water Small saucepan 1 cup of spinach cornstarch of 4 tsp ¼ cup of flour Wa A b Si Cr Sma 1 t 1 c c s yo o t ( cinnamon for brown and urmeric for yellow) trawberries. olor you will make. ne for each color fter anberries and ter u will make. up of water bsp of spice owl for each Explore thesite andlearn about 10,000 years ofhistory whilehavingfun! ll bowls, Did youknow thatHueco Tanks State Park has over 3,000 rock paintings? onod h atvt blw n ha over head and below activity the Download • RED PAINT • • • Steps (parent/guardian and participant): YELLOW AND Turmeric is hard to come off, so use abowl that you will not need afterwards. • • • Steps (parent/guardian and participant): GREEN PAINT have been found inpictographs. Although the color green was not quite common inthe Southwest, some greens • You can start using your green paint! • Once it is cool, use asifter to strain the colored water into aclean bowl.• Allow it to sit for awhile. s s • Strict Adult suprvision is required! Chop upthe spinach and addit to asma Steps (parent/guardian and participant): aucepan with water (you will need twice the amount of water as you have o pinach. Bring to aboil. Smash the berries inabowl and addwater. Your red paint is ready! Use asifter to strain the colored water into aclean bowl. N A D A FREE ivide the water into two bowls for each color you will be making. dd the flour and the cornstarch to acup of water and mix. dd 1tbsp of spice to each bowl and mix. ow you are ready to paint! ADMISSION FOR Bonus A 12 YEARSANDUNDER . ctivity Hueco to BROWN T anks to PAINT mlt it. complete ll f

ACTIVITY NATURAL PIGMENTS AT HOME! Pictograph Guide There are over 2,000 individual pictographs throughout ! Use this pocket guide to discover more about these amazing archeological deposits! Pictographs at Hueco Tanks represent over 8,000 years of human inhabitants.

Pictograph: Painted images on the rock’s surface. Almost all of the images found at Hueco Tanks are pictographs. Petroglyph: Images that are pecked, scraped, or chipped into rock.

Where to Look Remember! Observe like an archaeologist! Look for artifacts or evidence that people have used an area. Look don’t touch. Touching or rub- bing against images can Mortars or molcajetes were used for grinding food and possibly potentially damage them. pigments. Polished rock shows that an area has been walked, touched, or slid on for hundreds or thousands of years! These are great places to look for pictographs. Leave what you find. Everything here is a part of the story . What other clues tell you people were here? Leave all plants, animals, and artifacts undisturbed.

Never mark the rock. Defacement in any form is never accepta- ble and is punishable by law. Who made them? Many different cultures have called Hueco Tanks home and left images on the rock.

6,000 BCE 450—1400 ACE 1500s—1700s ACE Desert Archaic People - Jornada — Native Americans (, A nomadic culture who Agriculturalists who settled at , , and )— Hueco Tanks. This culture left left abstract geometric or Various vibrant cultures that still find Hueco Tanks the majority of pictographs hunting scenes. sacred left their stories on the rocks. You might see which include animal, mask, or people, horses, hand prints and other images from this face designs. time period. Download or take this sheet to the Hueco Tanks Interpretive Center and pick up a trail map. Visit two pictograph sites to complete the following activities then return it for a prize! On your map mark the two sites you visit.

What artifacts or clues tell you people have lived here? Draw what you see. I think this artifact was used for

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What kind of plants do you see? Observe a plant and draw it.

Look for pictographs check what you see:  A shape  2 different colors of paint.  An animal figure  A human figure