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Physics News
University of Virginia Physics News Volume 4, Number 2 Fall 2012 Letter from the Chair New Faculty Dear Alumni & Friends, First I wanted to take this opportunity to wish every- Utpal Chatterjee joined us this Fall as an one the best for the upcoming holidays. As always, your Assistant Professor of Experimental Condensed continued support of the teaching, research, and outreach Matter Physics. efforts of the Department is appreciated and remembered. Our university leaders are in the process of strategic Honors and Awards planning for the future of the University, given the state’s base budget reduction and the expected cutback in federal Undergraduate Students funding. Although we cannot predict the future in these uncertain times, I believe that as a faculty and as a com- The Mitchell Scholars for 2012 werePeter Breiding, munity, we should keep our focus on our core mission of David van Petten, and Anthony Charles. education and research. In this past fiscal year, the exter- nal research funding of the Department is again ahead of The Most Outstanding Physics Major Award went the other science departments in the College. We see an to Aaron Thomas Criss, Kridsanaphong Limtragool increasing number of students continue to choose to study and Voravit Vorapipat in 2012. physics, both because the subject is interesting, and be- Olivia Paule Sullivan won the 2012 Stephen T. cause the problem-solving skill they learn enables them to Thornton Outstanding Undergraduate Physics Re- consider many career paths. This Fall, the entering class of 23 graduate students is the largest in recent years. Our search Award, for her work, “The Impact of Injected research groups are looking forward to having them as Dose on Image Quality of Molecular Breast Imaging colleagues. -
Electromagnetic Duality, Quaternion and Supersymmetric Gauge
Electromagnetic Duality, Quaternion and Supersymmetric Gauge Theories of Dyons H. Dehnen and O. P. S. Negi∗ 2nd July 2021 Universitt Konstanz Fachbereich Physik Postfach M 677 D-78457 Konstanz,Germany Email:[email protected] ops [email protected] Abstract Starting with the generalized potentials, currents, field tensors and elec- tromagnetic vector fields of dyons as the complex complex quantities with real and imaginary counter parts as electric and magnetic constituents, we have established the electromagnetic duality for various fields and equations of motion associated with dyons in consistent way. It has been shown that the manifestly covariant forms of generalized field equations and equation of motion of dyons are invariant under duality transformations. Quaternionic formulation for generalized fields of dyons are developed and corresponding field equations are derived in compact and simpler manner. Supersymmetric gauge theories are accordingly reviewed to discuss the behaviour of duali- ties associated with BPS mass formula of dyons in terms of supersymmetric charges. Consequently, the higher dimensional supersymmetric gauge the- ories for N=2 and N=4 supersymmetries are analysed over the fields of arXiv:hep-th/0608164v1 23 Aug 2006 complex and quaternions respectively. 1 Introduction The asymmetry between electricity and magnetism became very clear at the end of 19th century with the formulation of Maxwell’s equations. Magnetic monopoles were advocated [1] to symmetrize these equations in a manifest way that the mere existence of an isolated magnetic charge implies the quantization of electric charge and accordingly the considerable literature [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] has come in force. -
Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons Revisited
European Journal of Physics PAPER Related content - Magnetic monopoles Magnetic monopoles and dyons revisited: a useful Kimball A Milton - On the classical motion of a charge in the contribution to the study of classical mechanics field of a magnetic monopole Jean Sivardière To cite this article: Renato P dos Santos 2015 Eur. J. Phys. 36 035022 - Magnetic monopoles in gauge field theories P Goddard and D I Olive View the article online for updates and enhancements. Recent citations - A discussion of Bl conservation on a two dimensional magnetic field plane in watt balances Shisong Li et al This content was downloaded from IP address 131.169.5.251 on 15/11/2018 at 01:17 European Journal of Physics Eur. J. Phys. 36 (2015) 035022 (22pp) doi:10.1088/0143-0807/36/3/035022 Magnetic monopoles and dyons revisited: a useful contribution to the study of classical mechanics Renato P dos Santos PPGECIM, ULBRA—Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001—Pr. 14, S. 338—92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Received 6 October 2014, revised 20 February 2015 Accepted for publication 23 February 2015 Published 27 March 2015 Abstract Graduate-level physics curricula in many countries around the world, as well as senior-level undergraduate ones in some major institutions, include classical mechanics courses, mostly based on Goldstein’s textbook masterpiece. During the discussion of central force motion, however, the Kepler problem is vir- tually the only serious application presented. In this paper, we present another problem that is also soluble, namely the interaction of Schwinger’s dual- charged (dyon) particles. -
FERMILAB Silicon Detector Workshop
Representatives of the PETRA operations group and the JADE, Mark-J, PLUTO and TASSO collaborations at DESY celebrate in the control room at the end of a successful electron-positron run at 17.5 GeV per beam. In about six weeks during November and December, each of the four experimental groups collected a luminosity of 17 000 inverse nanobarns, despite a four-hour energy-saving shutdown every working day. (Photo DESY) Next speaker was Gustaf-Adolf physics with HERA. New structure physics. These devices also appear Voss of the DESY directorate who functions could be measured and to be important for a variety of other gave a comprehensive worldwide new particles found. Grand unifica applications to deal with high particle survey of current electron-proton tion, supersymmetry and Higgs par multiplicities and high energies. projects. Of these, only two, TRIS ticles could be explored. There ap Much progress has recently been TAN in Japan and HERA, have been pear to be many fields in which only a made, particularly in Europe, on the explicitly planned for electron-proton machine like HERA can provide new application of solid-state techniques collisions. Among the world's list of insights. to high energy instrumentation, and electron-proton projects, HERA a topical Workshop was organized scores well on both luminosity and FERMILAB at Fermilab on 15—16 October on the energy. use of silicon detectors. The meet After detailed technical discus Silicon detector ing, organized by Tom Ferbel from sions, further talks covered theoreti workshop... Rochester, had two major goals — cal ideas. Guido Altarelli and Don firstly to inform experimenters on re Perkins emphasized the importance The outstanding physics develop cent advances in the development of of testing quantum chromodynamics ments of recent years have included finely segmented silicon detectors, and electroweak theory at high the discovery of charm and beauty and secondly to bring together some momentum transfers which probe flavours and of the tau lepton. -
Dyon-Axion Dynamics
Volume 125B, number 2,3 PHYSICS LETTERS 26 May 1983 DYON-AXION DYNAMICS Willy FISCHLER 1 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and John PRESKILL 2 Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 25 February 1983 We examine the coupling between magnetic monopoles and axions induced by the Witten effect, and discuss the cosmo- logical implications of monopole-axion interactions. The discovery by Witten [ 1] that a magnetic mono- oscillations of the axion field [5] to relax to a cosmo- pole of minimal magnetic charge acquires electric logically acceptable value. charge -e0/2~r in a 0-vacuum has led to deep insights To derive the connection between the Witten effect into the fermionic structure of monopoles [2]. In this and the monopole-axion coupling, we recall that the note, we point out another implication of the Witten lagrangian density of electrodynamics may contain the effect - this effect induces a coupling between mono- term poles and axions. We compute the energy of the axion •120 = (Oe2/47r2)E.B, (1) ground state in the field of a magnetic monopole and the cross section for axion-monopole scattering, in an where 0 is a free parameter. In the absence of magnet- idealized world in which there are no light electrically- ic charges, this term is a total divergence, and has no charged fermions. Unfortunately, axion-monopole physical consequences. But if a magnetic monopole is interactions become drastically modified if light present, this term has important effects. charged fermions exist, and our calculations do not In unified models in which the CP-nonconservation apply to this more realistic case. -
Exotic Particles in Topological Insulators
EXOTIC PARTICLES IN TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Rundong Li July 2010 © 2010 by Rundong Li. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/yx514yb1109 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Shoucheng Zhang, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Ian Fisher I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Steven Kivelson Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Abstract Recently a new class of quantum state of matter, the time-reversal invariant topo- logical insulators, have been theoretically proposed and experimentally discovered. -
Electromagnetic Duality for Children
Electromagnetic Duality for Children JM Figueroa-O'Farrill [email protected] Version of 8 October 1998 Contents I The Simplest Example: SO(3) 11 1 Classical Electromagnetic Duality 12 1.1 The Dirac Monopole ....................... 12 1.1.1 And in the beginning there was Maxwell... 12 1.1.2 The Dirac quantisation condition . 14 1.1.3 Dyons and the Zwanziger{Schwinger quantisation con- dition ........................... 16 1.2 The 't Hooft{Polyakov Monopole . 18 1.2.1 The bosonic part of the Georgi{Glashow model . 18 1.2.2 Finite-energy solutions: the 't Hooft{Polyakov Ansatz . 20 1.2.3 The topological origin of the magnetic charge . 24 1.3 BPS-monopoles .......................... 26 1.3.1 Estimating the mass of a monopole: the Bogomol'nyi bound ........................... 27 1.3.2 Saturating the bound: the BPS-monopole . 28 1.4 Duality conjectures ........................ 30 1.4.1 The Montonen{Olive conjecture . 30 1.4.2 The Witten e®ect ..................... 31 1.4.3 SL(2; Z) duality ...................... 33 2 Supersymmetry 39 2.1 The super-Poincar¶ealgebra in four dimensions . 40 2.1.1 Some notational remarks about spinors . 40 2.1.2 The Coleman{Mandula and Haag{ÃLopusza¶nski{Sohnius theorems .......................... 42 2.2 Unitary representations of the supersymmetry algebra . 44 2.2.1 Wigner's method and the little group . 44 2.2.2 Massless representations . 45 2.2.3 Massive representations . 47 No central charges .................... 48 Adding central charges . 49 1 [email protected] draft version of 8/10/1998 2.3 N=2 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills . -
Electrically and Magnetically Charged Vortices in the Chern–Simons–Higgs Theory
ELECTRICALLY AND MAGNETICALLY CHARGED VORTICES IN THE CHERN–SIMONS–HIGGS THEORY ROBIN MING CHEN, YUJIN GUO, DANIEL SPIRN AND YISONG YANG ABSTRACT. In this paper, we prove the existence of finite-energy electrically and mag- netically charged vortex solutions in the full Chern–Simons–Higgs theory for which both the Maxwell term and Chern–Simons term are present in the Lagrangian density. We con- sider both Abelian and non-Abelian cases. The solutions are smooth and satisfy natural boundary conditions. Existence is established via a constrained minimization procedure applied on indefinite action functionals. This work settles a long-standing open problem concerning the existence of dually charged vortices in the classical gauge field Higgs model minimally extended to contain a Chern–Simons term. 1. INTRODUCTION In his celebrated work [24], Dirac showed that the existence of a magnetic monopole solution to the Maxwell equations has the profound implication that electric charges in the universe are all quantized. Later, Schwinger [64] further explored the idea of Dirac and proposed the existence of both electrically and magnetically charged particle-like solutions, called dyons and used them to model quarks. In particular, Schwinger [64] generalized the electric charge quantization condition of Dirac [24] to a quantization condition relating electric and magnetic charges of a dyon. In modern theoretical physics, dyons are consid- ered as excited states of magnetic monopoles. Both magnetic monopoles and dyons, and their abundance, are predicted by grand unified theories [2, 31, 45, 46, 49, 60, 78]. The well-known finite-energy singularity-free magnetic monopole and dyon solutions in the Yang–Mills–Higgs theory include the monopole solutions due to Polyakov[58], t’Hooft [77], Bogomol’nyi [12], Prasad and Sommerfeld [59], Taubes [37, 76], and the dyon so- lutions due to Julia and Zee [38], Bogomol’nyi [12], Prasad and Sommerfeld [59]. -
Recent Results and Future Plans of the Moedal Experiment
Recent Results and Future Plans of the MoEDAL Experiment Arka Santra 4th Red LHC Workshop On behalf of MoEDAL Collaboration November 6, 2020 Arka Santra Recent Results and Future Plans of the MoEDAL Experiment 1 / 34 Magnetic Monopoles: symmetrising Maxwell’s equation The isolated magnetic charges were not present in Maxwell’s equation. The equations are asymmetric in electric and magnetic charge. A magnetic monopole restores the symmetry to Maxwell’s equation Symmetrised Maxwell’s equations are invariant under rotation in (E,B) plane. Distinction between electric and magnetic charge becomes just definition. If a monopole also carries electric charge, it is called Dyon. Arka Santra Recent Results and Future Plans of the MoEDAL Experiment 2 / 34 The Baseline MoEDAL Detector: Arka Santra Recent Results and Future Plans of the MoEDAL Experiment 3 / 34 2015-2017 MoEDAL magnetic monopole trapper (MMT) deployment: Monopole search MMT-2 and MMT-3 (sides) are newly added with respect to previous MoEDAL analyses. Latest analysis is based on data extracted from all MMTs. Arka Santra Recent Results and Future Plans of the MoEDAL Experiment 4 / 34 List of Publications from MoEDAL Drell-Yan production with β-independent coupling August 2019 3 MoEDAL Run-3 estim. spin-1 2016 - First results with 8 TeV: MoEDAL Run-3 estim. 2.5 1 spin- /2 ATLAS 13 TeV JHEP 1608 (2016) 067 1 spin- /2 2 ATLAS 13 TeV 2017 - First results with 13 TeV: spin-0 MoEDAL 13 TeV MoEDAL 13 TeV spin-1 Phys.Rev.Lett. 118 (2017) 061801 1 ATLAS 8 TeV spin- /2 1.5 spin-1/ MoEDAL Run-3 estim. -
Preskill-1984-Monopoles.Pdf
Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 1984. 34:461-530 Copyright © 1984 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved MAGNETIC MONOPOLES! John PreskilF California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 462 2. THE DIRAC MONOPOLE................................................................................................................... 466 2.1 Monopoles and Charge Quantization............................................................................... 466 2.2 Generalizations of the Quantization Condition ............................................................. 468 3. MONOPOLES AND UNIACATION.................................................................................................... 471 3.1 Unification, Charge Quantization, and Monopoles....................................................... 471 3.2 Monopoles as Solitons.......................................................................................................... 472 3.3 The Monopole Solution......................................................................................................... 474 4. MONOPOLES AND TOPOWGY........................................................................................................ 477 4.1 Monopoles without Strings.................................................................................................. 477 4.2 Topological Classification of Monopoles....................................................................... -
Mapping the Charge-Dyon System Into the Position-Dependent Effective
Mapping the charge-dyon system into the position-dependent effective mass background via Pauli equation Anderson L. de Jesus∗ and Alexandre G. M. Schmidty Departamento de F´ısica de Volta Redonda, Instituto de Ci^enciasExatas | Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Des. Ellis Hermydio Figueira, 783, Bloco C, Volta Redonda RJ, CEP 27213-145, Brazil (Dated: November 3, 2020) Abstract This work aims to reproduce a quantum system composed of a charged spin - 1=2 fermion interacting with a dyon with an opposite electrical charge (charge-dyon system), utilizing a position- dependent effective mass (PDM) background in the non-relativistic regime via the PDM free Pauli equation. To investigate whether there is a PDM quantum system with the same physics (analogous model) that a charge-dyon system (target system), we resort to the PDM free Pauli equation itself. We proceed with replacing the exact bi-spinor of the target system into this equation, obtaining an uncoupled system of non-linear partial differential equations for the mass distribution M. We were able to solve them numerically for M considering a radial dependence only, i.e., M = M(r), fixing θ0, and considering specific values of µ and m satisfying a certain condition. We present the solutions graphically, and from them, we determine the respective effective potentials, which actually represent our analogous models. We study the mapping for eigenvalues starting from the minimal value j = µ − 1=2. arXiv:2011.00516v1 [quant-ph] 1 Nov 2020 PACS numbers: Keywords: Position-dependent mass systems; Pauli equation; Dyon. ∗ Corresponding author yElectronic address: [email protected]ff.br, Telephone: (+55) 24 3076 8935, FAX: (+55) 24 3076 8870 1 I. -
Constructing Symmetric Topological Phases of Bosons in Three Dimensions Via Fermionic Projective Construction and Dyon Condensation
Constructing symmetric topological phases of bosons in three dimensions via fermionic projective construction and dyon condensation Peng Ye1 and Xiao-Gang Wen1, 2 1Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 2Y5 2Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Recently, there is a considerable study on gapped symmetric phases of bosons that do not break any symmetry. Even without symmetry breaking, the bosons can still be in many exotic new states of matter, such as symmetry-protected trivial (SPT) phases which are short-range entangled and symmetry-enriched topological (SET) phases which are long-range entangled. It is well-known that non-interacting fermionic topological insulators are SPT states protected by time-reversal symmetry and U(1) fermion number conservation symmetry. In this paper, we construct three-dimensional exotic phases of bosons with time-reversal symmetry and boson number conservation U(1) symmetry by means of fermionic projective construction. We first construct an algebraic bosonic insulator which is a symmetric bosonic state with an emergent U(1) gapless gauge field. We then obtain many gapped bosonic states that do not break the time-reversal symmetry and boson number conservation via proper dyon condensations. We identify the constructed states by calculating the allowed electric and magnetic charges of their excitations, as well as the statistics and the symmetric transformation properties of those excitations. This allows us to show that our constructed states can be trivial SPT states (i.e. trivial Mott insulators of bosons with symmetry), non-trivial SPT states (i.e. bosonic topological insulators) and SET states (i.e.