Volume 20 Friday, August 15, 1997 Number 16 f INSIDE

2 Restoring a Landmark 4 Fermilab Open House 5 DuPage County Road Study 6 University Profile: The University of Virginia Photos by Reidar Hahn

E866: Fermilab scientist Chuck Brown (right) and Rusty Towell, a graduate student from the University of Texas at Austin, check electronics in E866’s large drift chamber. Fixed-Target Run Roars to Finish Line Beam to the fixed-target experiments is scheduled to be shut off in September, ending a successful year probing the secrets of matter.

by Sharon Butler, Office of Public Affairs On a day in mid-September, a switch will As the countdown begins, the 600-plus be flipped, the power supply locked out, circuit scientists who staff the fixed-target experiments breakers around the Main Ring cut. are already reminiscing with a mix of regret and And in the two hours or so that it takes relief. Over the last year, they spent their days E831: Seong Sook to complete those operations, a year’s run will and nights in the experiments’ portakamps; Myung, from the come to an end, closing down Fermilab’s in halls as cavernous as airplane hangars; University of Korea, fixed-target experiments, capping a remarkable in corridors stuffed with computers and Gary works on equipment. 25-year history of discoveries and shutting Larsen cartoons or crammed with logic units down the Main Ring forever. whose tangled webs of wires relayed confusion. continued on page 8 Restoring a Landmark

As age creeps up on Wilson Hall, engineers prepare for reconstructive surgery.

By Andrew Shih, Office of Public Affairs August 4, 1997. Wilson Hall. “...and on your left, just above the Laboratory site model, you’ll see our newest educational display, ‘The Effect of Building Movement on Structural Concrete.’ Please note the crumbling concrete and exposed steel support rods....” The Facilities Engineering Services Section probably didn’t intend that their maintenance job would become another stop on Fermilab’s fifteenth-floor tour. But yards of yellow tape and translucent plastic make the damaged area just as intriguing as the top quark display on the opposite wall. This concrete damage provided a vivid example of the problems that

plague Wilson Hall a quarter-century Photo by Reidar Hahn after its construction. With increasing frequency, deficiencies in the building’s Wilson Hall – a prairie landmark in need of repair. structure, windows and plumbing cause problems for its occupants. To halt this Unfortunately, the great minds “If for some reason we never do the slow decay, FESS staffers have behind Wilson Hall’s construction final repair, the permanent repair, we formulated a multi-part plan to effect couldn’t foresee the damage that decades [will] have a continuing maintenance permanent repairs by the turn of the of Midwestern weather would wreak. problem, and the concrete will continue century. Blazing summers and bitter winters cause to fall down,” said Elaine McCluskey, A crumbling cathedral cycles of expansion and contraction that Lead Structural Engineer. Robert Rathbun Wilson Hall bears weaken joints between the two main Leaking pipes, leaking the stamp of its creative antecedent in towers and the crossover floors. The resultant stresses cause pieces of concrete windows both its soaring height and unique Concrete joints aren’t the only design. Before construction on the Main to break away from the beams, weakening the structure and creating victims of old age at Wilson Hall. In Ring began, Wilson took a helicopter 1996, a burst pipe in the northeast ride and decided that “the building falling debris. FESS has taken steps to minimize corner of the building sent a steady should be at least 200 feet tall, and taller stream of water falling 70 feet to the if possible.” Later, his interest in these problems and ensure that Wilson Hall is safe for occupants and visitors. At atrium floor. This inadvertent waterfall, cathedrals led architects to model the the third significant plumbing-related Central Laboratory Building after weak critical joints, such as those on the fifteenth floor, Laboratory staffers have flood in the past three years, Beauvais Cathedral in France. His vision demonstrated spectacularly the need for led to “an architecturally splendid bolted large steel brackets to the beams to enhance structural stability. Canvas major plumbing repair. building,” according to David Nevin, Flooding in the atrium isn’t limited head of FESS. “diapers” catch debris that would otherwise fall to the atrium floor. These to pipe breaks, however. As many Lab measures, however, do nothing to stop staffers can attest, every heavy rain brings the continuing damage to the building’s a trickle from the north windows, structural integrity. soaking the entrance mats and 2 FermiNews August 15, 1997 FESS will replace the sloped glass at both ends of the building with safer, more waterproof panels. “We want to bring it back to a weathertight and safe condition,” said Dixon. If breakage should occur, he added, “we want it to be like your car windshield, where it breaks into tiny pieces.” Indoor waterfalls and underused drinking fountains will become things of the past after Laboratory staff replace outdated plumbing and install a new drinking water system. After separating the drinking and bathroom water systems, FESS will install a filter and pump to purify the drinking water, hopefully eliminating the need for

bottled water, said McCluskey. Photos by Reidar Hahn While the plumbing and window Seasonal stresses on structural beams Falling concrete punctured this hole in a have exposed these steel support rods in repairs constitute significant investments south-facing window. the concrete. of Lab resources, structural repairs rise high above them in both cost and inconvenience. All concrete joints on the demanding a wide berth. Over the Unfortunately, during this repair, west side of the building will be rebuilt decades, waterproofing on both the occupants of the crossover floors will be to allow movement between the west north and south glass has deteriorated, temporarily relocated to facilitate repairs. tower and the crossover beams. causing regular and unavoidable leaks. To minimize inconvenience to Lab Currently, the inability of the joints to The inconvenience of leaky windows employees, FESS plans to start from the slide causes concrete damage during accompanies a more serious, though less first floor and move upwards, tackling seasonal expansion and contraction. likely, problem. Although the architects window, plumbing, and structural repairs Freeing the joints to move independently who designed the High Rise intended simultaneously at each level. By working will stop this ongoing damage. for safety glass to be installed in the on only a few floors at once and doing sloping north and south faces of the most of the work at night, FESS hopes building, the final result employed lesser- to minimize disruption to Laboratory quality glass. While safety glass shatters operations. “It won’t be pleasant, but it into tiny pebbles if broken, the current will be the least unpleasant,” said glass breaks into sharp fragments which McCluskey. might cause injury. The deficiency of the Nevin added, “I know we know current glass became evident in 1993, how to fix it, I know we can fix it.... when a falling piece of concrete (from a The key here is to make sure that we do damaged joint) fell through the sloped it in such a way that we bother the glass above the cafeteria, startling people who live here the very least.” employees in the area. Fermilab and the Department of The Restoration Project Energy are still deciding on funding for the Restoration Project. FESS estimates a Clearly, tackling all of these total project budget of $16 million, with problems will require a significant initial design development beginning this expenditure of both time and money fall and the final window put in place in from Fermilab. To efficiently and January of 2001. Nevin summarized the permanently solve Wilson Hall’s importance of the project to the Lab: persistent problems, FESS staffers have “This building is the focal point of prepared a detailed plan outlining their the activities that go on here at the repair strategy. After consulting with STS laboratory; it’s the landmark building. Consulting, Ltd., of Northbrook, Ill., …We need to repair it and keep it in and Rubinos & Mesia Engineers Inc. good shape,” he said. “I think this of Chicago, the Restoration Project was building is gorgeous. I really do.” ■ conceived. “All these big high-rises downtown ... wouldn’t put up with what Reinforcing plates hold loose pieces of we’re putting up with,” said Project concrete in place. Coordinator Steve Dixon.

FermiNews August 15, 1997 3 Fermilab Plans Open House Organizers expect 10,000–20,000 visitors in September; guests will explore experimental areas not normally open to the general public. by Donald Sena, Office of Public Affairs Some communities have the the way. A guest neighborhood tavern, others the local may ride a bus bistro, while still others find neighbors from start to congregating at ballfields watching their finish without kids’ games. And for one festive day in getting off, the late summer, members of the enjoying the scenery and listening to the the Main Injector, which is now under expanding Chicagoland community will tour guide explain the sights along the construction. gather at their local particle physics route. Visitors may also disembark at the Wilson Hall, the central laboratory laboratory, coming to share in the tour stops for walking tours of building, will be a hub of activity during neighborhood science. experimental areas. For instance, the Open House. Throughout the day, The U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermilab employees and guest scientists Fermilab scientists will give lectures that Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is will lead tours of the Lab’s two collider focus on the science of high-energy hosting an Open House on Saturday, detectors, CDF and DZero, which physics and quarks. More than 10 September 13, 1997, the Laboratory’s physicists used to discover the top quark information booths staffed with Fermilab first open house gathering since 1983. in 1995. At present, the two collider employees will introduce guests to many The event, which is free to the public, detectors are out of their collision halls other projects and activities at the will take place rain or shine from 10:30 and receiving critical upgrades for the Laboratory, providing information on a.m. to 4 p.m. Visitors to the Open next collider run, scheduled for 1999. Fermilab’s environmental restoration and House will have the opportunity to tour Visitors at the Open House also will management, literature on the arts series areas of the Laboratory not normally have the opportunity to explore two and displays on Laboratory safety open to the general public, including fixed-target experiments, tour Fermilab’s measures. Fermilab also asks guests to actual experiment halls and an accelerator computing center and see a research and bring any and all difficult science tunnel. Fermilab is expecting 10,000– development facility where Fermilab questions, as physicists will be on hand 20,000 people for the special event. employees are building sophisticated to try to answer them. Guests will also Bruce Chrisman, associate director of components for the collider detectors. have access to the Leon Lederman Fermilab, said the Laboratory, a fixture Fermilab engineers will stage a Science Education Center and have the in the western suburbs, wanted to invite cryogenics demonstration, introducing opportunity to hike through the restored the surrounding community to learn people to the science of extreme cold. tall-grass prairie. more about the Lab’s science endeavors. One of the highlights of the Open Fermilab will offer a picnic lunch “The Open House is a recognition House will be a comprehensive tour of and snacks for a nominal price, and vans that we in the sciences in general, and the accelerator complex; members of for the handicapped will be available. ■ Fermilab in particular, need to do a Fermilab’s Beams better job of explaining to the public— Division will explain the ones who pay for our work—what it the numerous stages is we do and why basic research is of the accelerator, important to the nation,” said Chrisman. giving guests a “Although Fermilab is open every day to chance to see the general public, we haven’t had an firsthand the most open house for a while, and we felt it was powerful particle time to invite the community in for a accelerator in the special day.” world. The Beams A full day of activities Division will also take guests down Fermilab Open House organizers into the Lab’s have planned a full day for the guests. newest accelerator, The Lab will offer three bus tours, each making stops at interesting sites along Fermilab Photograph Guests at Fermilab’s last Open House in 1983.

4 FermiNews August 15, 1997 DuPage County To Begin Road Study By Judy Jackson, Office of Public Affairs

Officials of DuPage County recently Particles and Pavement announced that they will begin developing conceptual plans for a possible “I emphasize that the decision on north-south traffic artery in western whether such a road will be built has not An eastern route for the proposed highway Dupage County. Part of the proposed yet been made,” said Fermilab Director would pass just west of neighboring route would pass through Fermilab. John Peoples Jr. “Because the Fermilab Summerlakes, a residential subdivision. On August 4, the Dupage County site is federal property, a decision on any Transportation Committee approved a such road will involve many factors, County officials estimated that the $102,765 contract with HNTB including environmental effects and the study might take six to nine months. Architects, Engineers, Planners to provide solicitation and consideration of Tokarski said he saw no sense in delaying engineering services for a “feasibility community views on the proposal.” the start of the study once the County study,” to investigate routes along both Fermilab has already begun Board has given its approval to proceed. the east and west sides of the Fermilab gathering community input on the “We might as well get going and property. The full County Board must proposed route. Fermilab officials said decide whether this is a project to proceed still approve the Phase I project, but they invite both Lab personnel and with or not to proceed with,” Tokarski said. DuPage County Transportation engineer residents of neighboring communities to From the point of view of Fermilab Charles Tokarski said he anticipated make their views on the proposal known and DOE, the effect of the proposed route approval when the Board considers the to Fermilab’s Public Affairs Office. on the present and future ability of the issue in mid-August. Laboratory officials repeated their Laboratory to carry out its mission of “A couple of Board members have commitment to provide opportunities forefront particle physics research is of said to me, ‘Not only yes, but Hell, yes!’” for all interested residents to be heard. paramount concern. Tokarski said. “The Department of Energy is “Fermilab has a critical decade of Although the county is eager to committed to seeking the community’s research ahead at the energy frontier,” provide a transportation corridor to views on all major decisions affecting Peoples said. “We have already begun promote development of its relatively proposed land use at DOE facilities,” planning for potential future accelerators undeveloped northwest section, county said Cherri J. Langenfeld, DOE’s that would require the entire Fermilab site. officials acknowledged the effects that Chicago Operations Office Manager. We must make sure that we do not make such a route might have on Fermilab “We know a new north-south route is any land-use decisions that might operations. important to the people in this commun- compromise Fermilab’s ability to remain “While a north-south route would ity and welcome their comments.” among world leaders in particle physics.” ■ improve the county’s transportation system,” said Dupage County Board Chairman Gayle Franzen in a prepared statement, “we also appreciate the impact this expansion would have on Fermilab. Our hope is that we can develop a blueprint that satisfies both DuPage County and Fermilab.” County spokeswoman Julie Copeland agreed. “DuPage County recognizes that building a road through the middle of Fermilab would disrupt Fermilab’s scientific operations,” she said. “The feasibility study will only investigate routes along Fermilab’s east and west boundaries.” Officials of both the U.S. Depart- ment of Energy and Fermilab said that the decision to allow DuPage County to proceed with a feasibility study did not Photos by Reidar Hahn mean they had approved construction of Looking eastward toward the Fermilab boundary, one of the routes DuPage county a road through laboratory property. will study for a proposed north-south traffic artery. FermiNews August 15, 1997 5 UNIVERSITY CLOSE-UP

Searching for asymmetry in the universe: The University of Virginia at Fermilab by Katherine Arnold, Office of Public Affairs The University of Virginia, nestled in the HyperCP Photo courtesy of UVa foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, grew In the HyperCP experiment, collaborators The Rotunda, designed by out of Thomas Jefferson’s idea to create an study the decay of the hyperon, a particle Thomas Jefferson, is the “academical village” where students and similar to a proton, and its antimatter landmark building at the faculty could live and work side by side. counterpart, the antihyperon, to search for University of Virginia. Perched on top of a nearby hill is Jefferson’s CP violation. Lambda hyperons consist of an famous Monticello homestead, which up quark, a down quark and a strange quark. overlooks Charlottesville and the university. Ken Nelson, HyperCP physicist, UVa professor Within this academical village is a course of and one of seven UVa collaborators working at study the founding father probably never the experiment, said it’s fairly easy to fathomed—the search for the asymmetry understand their challenge because they are between matter and antimatter in the working with a particle and an antiparticle. Craig Dukes, HyperCP universe. “We’re measuring something in the cospokesperson, works on Just as Jefferson worked with principles world versus measuring something in the the trigger at E871. of symmetry in the architecture of UVa, physicists work to find symmetry in the Standard Model of Particle Interactions. However, the high-energy physics group at UVa exchanges the picturesque Virginia countryside for the portakamps and experiment halls of two Fermilab fixed-target experiments, searching for the asymmetry between matter and antimatter known as CP violation. At a university known for its academic traditions, the 160-member physics department holds its own with about 40 professors and 80 graduate students. The high-energy physics group comprises four experimental physicists, five theorists and about 10 graduate students, as well as a number of research faculty and postdocs. The group joined the ranks of university high-energy physics programs in 1988. Brad Cox, a UVa professor, was a Fermilab physicist at the time and joined the UVa faculty to organize UVa’s particle physics efforts. The first experiment for the group was E771, a fixed-target experiment that focused on heavy-quark physics. Since then, the group has focused all of its attention on the search for CP violation, with involvement in the KTeV (E832) and HyperCP (E871) experiments at Fermilab and in the LHC-B detector study at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. Photo by Reidar Hahn

6 FermiNews August 15, 1997 anti-world,” said Craig Dukes, UVa The future for UVa HEP professor and HyperCP cospokesperson. In the future, the study of CP violation will Asymmetry in the two decays, he said, will be continue as Virginia’s main pursuit, Cox said. evidence of direct CP violation. It will also be The UVa group pushed for a CP violation the first indication of CP violation in particles experiment at the SSC before its demise, and other than kaons. the group’s efforts are gradually focusing on a Dukes worked on the original proposal CP violation search at the Large Hadron for the experiment in spring 1993 while he Collider, currently being built at CERN. was working at the Superconducting Super The project, called LHC-B, will look for Collider. In June 1994 Fermilab approved the CP violation in b mesons. experiment for the current fixed-target run, “Interpretation in the b system is much and construction was soon under way. clearer,” Dukes said. UVa built the wire chambers, the hadronic Closer to home, the group has goals of its calorimeter, the trigger and the preamplifiers own. Cox said UVa hopes to bring new faculty for E871. UVa also provided a cluster of four into the experimental program to continue computers used to analyze the data. The studies at Fermilab as well as preparing for the experiment has recorded about 60 billion LHC-B experiment. The vigorous experimental events since it began taking data in October

program is an advantage, Adams said. Photo by Reidar Hahn 1996—an impressive turnaround time for “The program is fairly traditional, and they such an ambitious experiment, Dukes said. really want to make sure people are capable Casey Durandet, a UVa He added that previous hyperon experiments when they graduate from UVa,” Adams said. research scientist, adjusts fiber optic cables. helped pave the way for HyperCP. In the meantime, the UVa contingent “There is a long and distinguished list of continues its search for asymmetry between hyperon experiments at Fermilab measuring matter and antimatter. magnetic moments of hyperons,” he said. “It is quite likely that only a combination “This is almost a continuation of that set of of experimental results from kaon and b decays experiments, but we had to build something will pin down the true nature of CP violation,” UVa members of the completely new and capable of a much higher Cox said. “It will be a long process to obtain data acquisition rate.” KTeV collaboration: these results, but the physics is tremendously Karla Hagan-Ingram, KTeV exciting and the work is rewarding.” Alexander Ledovskoy, KTeV (Kaons at the Tevatron) is also A pursuit of knowledge that would no John Adams, Brad Cox ■ conducting a CP violation search but with rare doubt make Thomas Jefferson proud. and Mike Arenton. kaon decays. Ten collaborators from UVa are working on the experiment, and their major project has been the design and construction of a complex electron trigger. The group has also been very active in analyzing the data that KTeV has accumulated so far. John Adams, a UVa graduate student with no relation to another founding father, began working on the experiment last year and helped with UVa’s contribution to KTeV’s hardware and software. Now Adams works shifts and analyzes data, and said KTeV is a remarkable experiment because of the number of rare decays being studied. Cox, who leads the UVa effort at KTeV, is pleased with the data KTeV has taken so far. “The search for direct CP and rare decays at the sensitivity level aimed at by KTeV is very ambitious, and KTeV is a challenging experiment,” he said. “But the experiment is really going extremely well. Not only have we accumulated a great deal of data that will allow a very sensitive search for direct CP violation but a number of new kaon and hyperon modes have already been seen for the first time in the KTeV data.” Photo courtesy of UVa

FermiNews August 15, 1997 7 Fixed Target Finish Finally, experiments lived up to their own lofty goals. With a more efficient detector than continued from page 1 a previous experiment had used and with increased beam intensity, E831 manufactured, as planned, over a million fully reconstructed They snacked on Twinkies during shifts. They decays of charm particles. To put it another anguished over failing chips and channels and way, the experiment compiled more than a over signals that hadn’t yet materialized. They million states of matter combining one or more repaired, installed, replaced, fiddled, adjusted charm quarks with light quarks (the strange, up and tuned. They reported, finally, operations so and down). It is the largest such inventory in smooth as to be, in the words of one the world, giving the experimenters a distinct experiment’s spokesperson, “wonderfully dull.” advantage over other physicists studying And they shared those sun-shot moments on charm—and a better chance of observing shift when they first witnessed the high- certain rare phenomena associated with the intensity pings—the signals of a neutrino strong and electroweak forces. slipping through the detector, or of some …the inevitable agony other long-awaited particle. Interleaved with the ecstasy of success It was, to hear the experimenters talk, a E862: Spokesman Dave were anxious moments, days or even weeks, year when agony took turns with ecstasy. Christian stands beside as experimenters agonized over “infelicities” in the particle detector in With the ecstasy… the computer code, fretted over missing signals the antiproton source. The ecstasy comes first to mind. and overheating electronics, groaned when the David Christian, E862 spokesperson, air conditioning failed and when oil leaked into vividly recalls the excitement back in November gas systems. While others cursed, though, when experimenters first observed the signal of Fermilab scientist Chuck Brown, on E866, an antihydrogen atom—and, with a tweak in enjoyed the “romance” of it all—even the the current rushing through the detector’s “balky circuits that amaze, confound and magnets, two more atoms the very next day. amuse.” He’s expecting the computers to record 100 He did have one scare, though. Early in antihydrogen atoms by the run’s end, and to the run, E866’s “large analysis magnet tripped beep him on his pager every time. off at full current, causing a radioactive beam E866, which is peering inside the proton at absorber plug to shift position.” Fortunately, the “sea” of quark-antiquark pairs buried in the the magnet and beam plug suffered no nucleon, has already published preliminary permanent damage. results. With negligible statistical and systematic Over at E871, the 20,000 wires in the wire errors, experimenters measured the asymmetry chambers were always breaking. E871 is of up and down antiquarks—the first such looking for evidence of CP violation—that tiny measurements in the world. Circumstantial flaw in nature’s mirror that has bequeathed us evidence had hinted at an asymmetry in these more matter than antimatter—by comparing two lightest antiquarks, and E866 found that, the decay parameters of hyperons and as previously suspected, anti-downs outnumber antihyperons, particles similar to protons. Even anti-ups. But contrary to expectations, they also with the problem wires and a late start, E871 found that the average velocity of these excess still recorded about 60 billion events to tape, anti-down quarks is lower than physicists had said Craig Dukes, cospokesperson for E871. guessed. The results have intrigued other Electronics also bedeviled KTeV research groups probing the detailed structure (E799/E832), an experiment bent on of the proton. measuring a new parameter of CP violation in

Still another success: E868, searching for the decay of kaon particles. According to Bruce Photos by Reidar Hahn signs of decay in antiprotons, achieved Winstein and Taku Yamanaka, cospokespersons sensitivities of up to 1 million years for some for KTeV, researchers had to replace several E799/E832: Amitabh Lath, decay modes—and, fortunately for the charge, channels in the calorimeter every day, bringing from Rutgers University, checks phototubes on the parity, time reversal invariance theorem, still down the beam each time, then bringing it regenerator. found no decay. According to the CPT back up again—a laborious, time-consuming theorem, antiparticles should behave no task. Given the complexity of this new differently from their corresponding particles; experiment, said Winstein, many people had in particular, the lifetime of an antiproton expected only an “engineering run” to tune the should be the same as that of a proton—greater new kaon beam and iron out kinks in the than 1032 years. “For the time being, the CPT detector. Instead, only two months into the theorem is still safe,” said Steve Geer, run, the experiment was collecting near-perfect spokesperson for E868. data—thanks to equipment that remained

8 FermiNews August 15, 1997 faithful to design specifications. The interactions binding quarks—and meanwhile, experimenters have already submitted one hope for “fame and glory,” quipped collaborator paper to Physical Review Letters. Stephen Pordes. At the outset, E781 scientists were Bob Bernstein, E815 cospokesperson, wondering whether their experiment was expects two more years before experimenters working at all. In designing their search for will be able to tell whether their measurement of charm, said spokesperson Jim Russ, they had a certain parameter (called rho) in the Standard carefully simulated the number of particles that Model is equal to one, as the model assumes, or would be detected, but when the beam turned in fact holds some different value—in which case on, they got twice as many hits as predicted. the model itself will need to be corrected. That meant twice as many events to be Many experimenters, then, look forward recorded, requiring twice as much computer with anticipation, but backward with mixed space to store the information. Finally in April, emotions. the experimenters figured out how to handle Echoing the feelings of others, E831 the data overload—and figured out, too, that cospokesperson John Cumulat said, they hadn’t “messed up,” said Russ. In the end, “The thought of turning off all the equipment the spectacular resolution in mass and time is very depressing”—especially after such an parameters amazed everyone. “enormous effort” by so many talented E872: Vittorio Paolone Yet to come researchers to keep the detectors running (kneeling), from the at peak performance. University of Pittsburgh, For E781 and other experiments, the The experimenters remember the wonder- and Fermilab scientist analysis will begin, if it hasn’t already, when the ful camaraderie among the collaborators, who Byron Lundberg make beam shuts down. repairs in the counting converged here from all parts of the globe, and In the raft of data collected over the last room. the daily strain of keeping equipment in line. year, for example, E872 will search for the tau And while sad and wistful, the experimen- neutrino—the only one of the fundamental ters are also relieved. When the beam turns particles in the Standard Model that still has off, and they no longer need agonize over not been directly observed. system failures or marvel at a clean, clear E835 will study its sample of charmonium, signal, they will finally manage a night of E781: Fermilab physicist a form of matter containing charm and anti- uninterrupted sleep. ■ Joe Lach works on a charm quarks, for insights into the strong hyperon channel. Photos by Reidar Hahn

E835: Roberto Mussa, from the University of Ferrara, Italy, makes adjustments in the detector.

FermiNews August 15, 1997 9 Grannis Receives DOE Leadership Award

By John Womersly, DZero Collaboration He would rather have Rosen described Grannis’s pivotal received $10 million for role in creating the DZero experiment upgrading the detector, and singled out his efforts to make the joked former DZero collaboration international as pointing spokesman Paul Grannis, the way forward for high-energy physics but he nonetheless accepted in the era of the Large Hadron Collider a special award from the at CERN. U.S. Department of Energy In accepting the award, Grannis with “tremendous expressed chagrin at being recognized gratification.” Grannis for the achievements of hundreds of his received the award, for DZero colleagues. He stressed his exceptional leadership, on acceptance of the award on behalf of the July 23, in recognition of whole collaboration. He then pointed to his 13 years as spokesman 13 incidents in the history of the of the DZero experiment experiment—one for each year he spent at Fermilab’s Tevatron as spokesman—that stood out in his Collider. Starting in 1983, mind. He described the then-radical Grannis, a professor of choice of uranium and liquid argon as the physics at the State basic energy-measurement technology in University of New York at 1983, and the choice of a name for the Stony Brook, shepherded detector—“one of the hardest things we DZero through detector did, and one of the things we did most design, construction, poorly!” He recounted trials and successes commissioning and in building, assembling and upgrading the

Photo by Reidar Hahn operation. He eventually detector; observation of the first proton- shared in the 1995 antiproton collisions in 1992; the top Physicist Paul Grannis announced the discovery of the top quark at a Fermilab discovery of the top quark. quark discovery in 1995. Colloquium in 1995. Associate Director for High-Energy Grannis concluded by describing and Nuclear Physics Peter Rosen DZero’s “world-class physics program presented the award, signed by Director of today,” including a four-percent of Energy Research Martha Krebs. Rosen measurement of the mass of the top United States made the presentation during a special quark—“a particle we didn’t even know Department of Energy session of the DZero collaboration’s existed two years ago”—the most precise annual workshop, held this year at Indiana measurement of the mass of the W boson, Appreciation Plaque University in Bloomington. In his the best limits on masses of super- Presented to remarks, Rosen outlined the status of this symmetric particles and the best limits Professor Paul D. Grannis year’s high-energy physics funding and on production of the hypothetical reminded the audience that DOE is a leptoquark particle. In recognition of your exceptional major science funding agency, a role he The former spokesman cited his leadership of the D-Zero said is not widely appreciated. pleasure in seeing the younger members collaboration from its inception in 1983 through 1996. It was in large Rosen said he is “very excited” by the of the experiment, who joined as students measure through your dedicated prospects for physics at Fermilab starting or post-docs, come of age as physicists to efforts that D-Zero became the with the turn-on of the Main Injector in the point where “they are now telling us world-class collaboration and 1999. Precision measurements of top old guys how to do physics.” He noted detector that it is today — quark and W boson masses by the collider the collaboration’s vitality, cooperative a collaboration that in 1995 shared detectors can constrain the mass of the spirit, excellent leadership and prospects in the discovery of the top quark at as-yet-undiscovered Higgs particle: if its for the future. He closed by thanking the Fermi National Accelerator mass is low enough, researchers may even DOE and the National Science Laboratory. find it at the Tevatron. Supersymmetric Foundation for their guidance and Martha A. Krebs particles, popular among theorists as support. Following the ceremony, Director extensions of the Standard Model, may the 140 DZero collaborators meeting in Office of Energy Research also be detectable. Bloomington went back to work on the July 1997 “I would like to be greedy and find workshop’s goal of preparing for Run II all of these things,” Rosen said. at the Tevatron. ■

10 FermiNews August 15, 1997 CALENDAR

August 16 Art Series presents: David Grisman Quintet, Ramsey Auditorium at 8 p.m. Admission $21. For more information or to purchase tickets call (630) 840-2787. AUGUST 22 International Film Society Presents The White Balloon; Dir: Jafar Panachi, Iran (1995). Admission $4, in Ramsey Auditorium at 8 p.m. Lunch served from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. ONGOING $8/person NALWO coffee mornings, Thursdays, Dinner served at 7 p.m. 10 a.m., in the Users’ Center, call Selitha Raja, $20/person (630) 305–7769. In the Village Barn, For reservations, call x4512 international folk dancing, Thursdays, Cakes for Special Occasions Visiting firemen with a hook and ladder 7:30–10 p.m., call Mady, (630) 584–0825; Dietary Restrictions Contact Tita, x3524 truck from neighboring Batavia. The fire Scottish country dancing Tuesdays, 7–9:30 p.m., buffs also got a look at firefighting call Doug, x8194. equipment at Fermilab, which has a cooperative firefighting agreement with LETTERS TO THE EDITOR - Batavia and other nearby communities. Lunch (Note: Some letters have been edited for space considerations.) Wednesday August 20 This past year I’ve been studying physics – mainly quantum physics – and became very Closed Fire Buffs intrigued with this branch of science. Of all the physics books I’ve read, there’s always a mention of the famous Fermi accelerator. Could I please - Visit Fermilab obtain some literature [about] the facility [and] Dinner how it operates? I’m very eager to probe into Thursday By Jeffery D. Schielke, Mayor of Batavia the depths of the cosmic code. August 21 A stop at Fermilab’s fire station was on Sincerely, Closed the agenda for a group of 30 visiting firemen G. Vallejo, Pelican Bay Penitentiary, who toured suburban firehouses on July 17 Crescent City, CA during the International Fire Buff’s I have found it inconvenient for - Convention, held in downtown Chicago newcomers to send personal letters after the Lunch July 16-19. mail office moved to its new address; the stamp Wednesday Among the fire fighters who stopped to machine is still in the High Rise, but there is no August 27 see the Lab’s fire station and take pictures of mail box there. A mail box beside the stamp machine would convenience most like me, and Pork Loin w/Peanut Sauce its equipment were visitors from such east I think it would make Fermilab more lovable. in Pita Bread coast towns as Boston, Baltimore, New York, Summer Garden Best wishes, Couscous Salad City, Philadelphia, Hartford and Nashua, X. Bai, Pierre Auger Project Visitor Melon and Blueberry Coupe New Hampshire. with White Wine, The group reported that they were I write to you for two reasons. First, Vanilla and Mint especially pleased to be invited by Fermilab I think an Eola Road expressway jeopardizes Fire Chief Jack Steinhoff to review the Lab’s the future of our Fermilab, both as a research facility and as a wilderness. My second reason - fire fighting operations, given the specialized for writing is to urge, to “issue a call” to, my equipment and procedures used on the site. Fermilab colleagues to collaboratively voice Dinner Several members of the group also expressed concern publicly over the site-dividing Thursday appreciation for the opportunity to catch a thoroughfare. All of us at Fermilab need to August 28 write our community leaders to express concern firsthand look at the Lab’s landscape and Roasted Garlic and over the proposed expressway. I know I share unique site layout. Yellow Pepper Soup the love with most of you for our Laboratory; Grilled Tuna with Other fire departments featured in the it’s enriched our personal lives as well as our Summer Vegetables day-long tour were Downers Grove, communities. Would we do anything less than Corn and Black Bean Salad Westmont, Darien-Woodridge, North attempt to protect from peril something so Cinnamon Crunch Shortcake with Berries Aurora, Mooseheart and Batavia. Fermilab important to all of us? Fire Department Captain George Reichhardt Alan D. Long, Support Services assisted Steinhoff in coordinating and Editor’s note: - planning the visit. ■ See story on the road issue, page 5. FermiNews August 15, 1997 11 CLASSIFIEDS

FOR SALE ■ ’90 Toyota Tercel, 2-doors, manual 5-speed, only ■ Warrenville, $152,900, 5 min. from Fermilab. 70K miles, A/C, AM/FM, very good condition. Cedar-sided 2 story; completely remodeled: 2 BR; Asking $4000 obo. Call Tony, x3664, or 2 bath; c.a.c.; h/w floors; ceramic entry, kitchen, [email protected]. baths; brand-name fixtures & appliances; dry ■ ’89 Ford E-150 Conversion Van V8, p/s, p/w, basement. Lg. wraparound deck, balcony. 2.5 car pdl, 4 captains chairs, center table, fold-down rear heated attached garage, 200 amp. wired for seat, tinted glass, privacy/sun shades, CB, AM/FM workshop. Paved driveway. Lg. treed corner lot cassette stereo, a/c, tilt wheel, cruise control, $3800. (183' x 70') w/partial fence. 393-4521. Call Jim, x4076 or (630) 208–9131. ■ 1 Hummel figure, boy w/fiddle, about 3" tall, $125. One pair Hummel candle holders, about ■ ’89 Corvette, black sapphire (color) w/tan Published by the 6" tall, $150. Call Marion x2727 or e-mail leather interior, 38K miles, extra clean, garage kept, Fermilab driven weekends only, $16,500. Contact Bert, x4775 [email protected]. or [email protected]. ■ 2 hand-raised cockatiels, approx. 1 yr. old, Office of Public Affairs MS 206 ■ ’86 Toyota Celica GT hatchback, black, 5 spd, very tame, $30 each, will separate; cage available. am/fm/cass, sunroof, A/C, 110K, $3500/BO. Antique formal mahogany beveled mirror w/shelf P.O. Box 500 Great car! Moving sale—too much to mention and scrollwork, $250. ’78 Lincoln Mark V, white, Batavia, IL 60510 everything: round table, desk, drafting table, Florida car, stored winters, great CD stereo, excellent 630-840-3351 condition, $3900. Call x3230, (630) 761-8386. 4 chairs, 2 papasaan chairs, rocking chair, bar stool, ferminews@ fnal.gov lamps, shelves, stereo TV, IBM computer, rugs, FOR RENT kitchen stuff and mountain bikes. Everything must ■ Apartment-sublet 1 bdrm in a 2-bdrm apartment go! Please call x8195 or (630) 416–8192 or write Fermilab is operated by either fall (Sep-Dec) or fall & spring (Sep-May) [email protected]. Universities Research $360/mo. furnished, heat included. Naperville, on Association, Inc., ■ Six-piece living room set, $250, includes: Rte. 59 south of I-88. Close to lab, approx. six 90" gold/brown couch, 2 blue chairs, 2 end miles/15 minutes. Walking distance to Route 59 under contract with the tables and coffee table. Queen-size waterbed, $200, train station and golf course. Near Fox Valley U.S. Department of Energy. 4-drawer wooden pedestal w/bookshelf headboard, shopping mall. Nice place; AC, microwave, heater & motionless bag. Horizontal blind, $25, dishwasher, new carpet and paint. Complex has pool, in dove gray, fits sliding glass patio doors. Please sand volleyball court, lighted tennis court, and free call (630) 879–6381 after 7 pm. bagels every morning! Call Andy, (630) 428-2310, ■ GE gas stove, Profile series, stainless steel, natural evenings, or write [email protected]. gas and LP gas jets, self-cleaning oven, sealed ■ Sublet: Sept 1- Oct 31, 1 bedroom apartment, burners. Paid $1350 in Oct ’96; asking $1100, used undermarket price! $659/mo including utilities, for a few hours. Will deliver if reasonable distance except electricity & phone. Great location, close to from lab. Kenwood multi-component stereo system 88 on 59, 10 minutes from Lab, 35 minutes from w/cabinet. Includes linear tracking turn table, Chicago. Amenities include swimming pool, tennis, amplifier KA-94, synthesizer AM/FM tuner KT-54 basketball and volleyball courts, dishwasher, (memory holds 14 AM and 14 FM stations), graphic A/C, club room, etc. Please call x8195 or equalizer GE-34, dual-deck cassette recorder KW- (630) 416–8192 or write [email protected]. 64W, CD player DP-840, 2 4-way 150-watt speakers ■ Available now, 2-bedroom apartment. Includes JL-840. $2000 obo. 16 ft. fiberglass DuoMarine garage, large yard, quiet street, all new, 10 minutes The deadline for the boat needs work, hardware removed, rough sanding from Wilson Hall. Contact Alan Baumbaugh x4044, Friday, August 29, 1997, completed, $100 obo, includes trailer. Call Terry, 851-4829, or [email protected]. issue of FermiNews is x4572, or e-mail [email protected]. Tuesday, August 19. Please send your article MILESTONES submissions, classified LAB NOTES advertisements and ideas HONORED to the Public Affairs DEER STATISTICS Sergei Denisov, DZero collaborator from Moscow Office, MS 206 or e-mail The Environmental Protection Group is trying to State University, elected in May as Correspondent [email protected] Member of the Russian Academy of Science. “It is a get accurate statistics on the number of vehicle FermiNews welcomes accidents involving deer. The staff is collecting rather honorable position in Russia,” says Denisov’s son, Dmitri, a Fermilab physicist and also a DZero letters from readers. information on the nature of such accidents, whether Please include your any deer or people were injured and how much member. “Around a few hundred of the best scientists in Russia, in all areas from literature to name and daytime physical damage occurred. Please report any phone number. incidents, however minor, to Doug Arends, X4847 political science, form the Russian Academy of or [email protected]. Science. This year, only three members out of more than 70 candidates were selected, and Sergei was one ENVIRONMENT CONSORTIUM of them. There are newspaper articles in many ✩ U.S. GOVERNMENT On June 13, the Chicago Region Biodiversity Russian newspapers about Sergei.” PRINTING OFFICE: Council accepted Fermilab as a member of 1997--545-057/60023 Chicago Wilderness, a consortium of 34 regional RETIRED organizations supporting environmental research, The IBM 4381 computer system, on Tuesday, August 5. It served the Fermilab community for restoration and management. 50% TOTAL RECOVERED FIBER over 15 years, supporting payroll, human resources, 10% POST-CONSUMER FIBER material management and many other functions. 12 FermiNews August 15, 1997