Benicia Fire Department Annual Report
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P-19-CA-06-0DD2 January 1, 2021 Thru March 31, 2021 Performance
Grantee: California Grant: P-19-CA-06-0DD2 January 1, 2021 thru March 31, 2021 Performance Grant Number: Obligation Date: Award Date: P-19-CA-06-0DD2 Grantee Name: Contract End Date: Review by HUD: California Original - In Progress Grant Award Amount: Grant Status: QPR Contact: $1,017,399,000.00 Active No QPR Contact Found LOCCS Authorized Amount: Estimated PI/RL Funds: $0.00 $0.00 Total Budget: $1,017,399,000.00 Disasters: Declaration Number FEMA-4382-CA FEMA-4407-CA Narratives Disaster Damage: 2018 was the deadliest year for wildfires in California’s history. In August 2018, the Carr Fire and the Mendocino Complex Fire erupted in northern California, followed in November 2018 by the Camp and Woolsey Fires. These were the most destructive and deadly of the dozens of fires to hit California that year. In total, it is estimated over 1.6 million acres burned during 2018. The Camp Fire became California’s deadliest wildfire on record, with 85 fatalities. 1. July-September 2018 Wildfires (DR-4382) At the end of July 2018, several fires ignited in northern California, eventually burning over 680,000 acres. The Carr Fire, which began on July 23, 2018, was active for 164 days and burned 229,651 acres in total, the majority of which were in Shasta County. It is estimated that 1,614 structures were destroyed, and eight fatalities were confirmed. The damage caused by this fire is estimated at approximately $1.659 billion. Over a year since the fire, the county and residents are still struggling to rebuild, with the construction sector pressed beyond its limit with the increased demand. -
Authors: Lucas Steven Moore, Cooper Lee Bennett, Elizabeth
Authors: Lucas Steven Moore, Cooper Lee Bennett, Elizabeth Robyn Nubla Ogan, Kota Cody Enokida, Yi Man, Fernando Kevin Gonzalez, Christopher Carpio, Heather Michaela Gee ANTHRO 25A: Environmental Injustice Instructor: Prof. Dr. Kim Fortun Department of Cultural Anthropology Graduate Teaching Associates: Kaitlyn Rabach Tim Schütz Undergraduate Teaching Associates Nina Parshekofteh Lafayette Pierre White University of California Irvine, Fall 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS What is the setting of this case? [KOTA CODY ENOKIDA] 3 How does climate change produce environmental vulnerabilities and harms in this setting? [Lucas Moore] 6 What factors -- social, cultural, political, technological, ecological -- contribute to environmental health vulnerability and injustice in this setting? [ELIZABETH ROBYN NUBLA OGAN] 11 Who are the stakeholders, what are their characteristics, and what are their perceptions of the problems? [FERNANDO KEVIN GONZALEZ] 15 What have different stakeholder groups done (or not done) in response to the problems in this case? [Christopher Carpio] 18 How have big media outlets and environmental organizations covered environmental problems related to worse case scenarios in this setting? [COOPER LEE BENNETT] 20 What local actions would reduce environmental vulnerability and injustice related to fast disaster in this setting? [YI MAN] 23 What extra-local actions (at state, national or international levels) would reduce environmental vulnerability and injustice related to fast disaster in this setting and similar settings? [GROUP] 27 What kinds of data and research would be useful in efforts to characterize and address environmental threats (related to fast disaster, pollution and climate change) in this setting and similar settings? [HEATHER MICHAELA GEE] 32 What, in your view, is ethically wrong or unjust in this case? [GROUP] 35 BIBLIOGRAPHY 36 APPENDIX 45 Cover Image: Location in Sonoma County and the state of California.Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY 3.0. -
Red Cross Supports California Residents Affected by Wildfires
2019 California Wildfires Six-Month Update 2020 Red Cross Supports California Residents Affected By Wildfires In fall 2019, wildfires once again raged across California, Lynne Fredericks, who evacuated from Windsor along burning nearly 200,000 acres of land and driving with her sister and their dog Jack, said she was amazed at hundreds of thousands of residents to flee their homes. In how hard others were working to help the evacuees, all Southern California, powerful Santa Ana winds combined “with so much kindness and generosity". "I have not seen with dry conditions to create swift fire growth and extreme anyone be rude to somebody coming in. I always see fire behavior. Multiple large blazes, including the Getty them being helpful,” she said. Fire, Tick Fire and Saddleridge Fire, destroyed thousands of acres as residents hastened to evacuate. Terrifying This kindness and generosity were on full display at the video footage showed columns of flames jumping across Red Cross shelter in Santa Rosa. When workers there roads and freeways. realized that the children staying in their shelter were going to miss Halloween, they quickly mobilized to create Northern California battled the Kincade Fire, the largest a fun-filled holiday celebration. On Halloween, costumed wildfire ever to occur in Sonoma County. Dry conditions, children enjoyed crafts, jack-o’-lanterns, face painting, high-wind events and the fast-moving wildfire led to the a visit from the Oakland Raiders mascot and of course, unprecedented evacuation of nearly 190,000 residents, candy. more than a third of the county’s population. For residents who had survived the deadly Tubbs Fire only two years The attentive work done by the Red Cross to support before, experiencing another evacuation was especially evacuees did not go unappreciated. -
Review of California Wildfire Evacuations from 2017 to 2019
REVIEW OF CALIFORNIA WILDFIRE EVACUATIONS FROM 2017 TO 2019 STEPHEN WONG, JACQUELYN BROADER, AND SUSAN SHAHEEN, PH.D. MARCH 2020 DOI: 10.7922/G2WW7FVK DOI: 10.7922/G29G5K2R Wong, Broader, Shaheen 2 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. UC-ITS-2019-19-b N/A N/A 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Review of California Wildfire Evacuations from 2017 to 2019 March 2020 6. Performing Organization Code ITS-Berkeley 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report Stephen D. Wong (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-3651), No. Jacquelyn C. Broader (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3269-955X), N/A Susan A. Shaheen, Ph.D. (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3350-856X) 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Institute of Transportation Studies, Berkeley N/A 109 McLaughlin Hall, MC1720 11. Contract or Grant No. Berkeley, CA 94720-1720 UC-ITS-2019-19 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period The University of California Institute of Transportation Studies Covered www.ucits.org Final Report 14. Sponsoring Agency Code UC ITS 15. Supplementary Notes DOI: 10.7922/G29G5K2R 16. Abstract Between 2017 and 2019, California experienced a series of devastating wildfires that together led over one million people to be ordered to evacuate. Due to the speed of many of these wildfires, residents across California found themselves in challenging evacuation situations, often at night and with little time to escape. These evacuations placed considerable stress on public resources and infrastructure for both transportation and sheltering. -
Nigro Statusandtrends FEAM 0
Forest Ecology and Management 441 (2019) 20–31 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Status and trends of fire activity in southern California yellow pine and T mixed conifer forests ⁎ Katherine Nigroa,b, , Nicole Molinaric a University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States b Colorado State University, Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 200 W. Lake St, 1472 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1472, United States c USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Los Padres National Forest, 6750 Navigator Way, Suite 150, Goleta, CA 93117, UnitedStates ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Frequent, low to moderate severity fire in mixed conifer and yellow pine forests of California played anintegral Southern California role in maintaining these ecosystems historically. Fire suppression starting in the early 20th century has led to Fire return interval altered fire regimes that affect forest composition, structure and risk of vegetation type conversion following Burn severity disturbance. Several studies have found evidence of increasingly large proportions and patches of high severity Fire size fire in fire-deprived conifer forests of northern California, but few studies have investigated the impactsoffire Natural range of variation suppression on the isolated forests of southern California. In this study, spatial data were used to compare the Yellow pine Mixed conifer current fire return interval (FRI) in yellow pine and mixed conifer forests of southern California tohistorical conditions. Remotely sensed burn severity and fire perimeter data were analyzed to assess changes inburn severity and fire size patterns over the last 32–100 years. -
CEE 189 Remote Sensing Jiaheng Hu CEE Department, Tufts University
Forestation Change Detection in Los Angeles Wildfires Background Processes Wildfire is one of the most disastrous event around the world, as it Sand Fire Creek Fire burn large area of forest and often times it will also burn buildings and threaten human’s life. Wildfire is usually triggered by dry cli- mate, volcano ash, hot wind and so on, but can be caused by human as well: a used cigarette thrown by a visitor who is unaware of envi- ronmental protection, or illegally put on a fire by someone. Wildfire has become frequent in California these years. There were 64 wildfires in record in 2017, the figure on the right shows the area destroyed by wildfire. Many wildfires occur in national forest parks Landsat 8 Metadata for Sand Fire on August 9, 2016 Landsat 8 Metadata for Sand Fire on February 4, 2018 (Source: USGS Earth Explorer) (Source: USGS Earth Explorer) just adjacent to some big cities such as LA and San Francisco. 1. Resize 2. Create Water Mask Remote sensing has been developed for several decades and proved to be a useful tool for large-scale environmental moni- 6. Color Slicing toring, conservation goals, spatial analysis and natural re- 3. Radiometric Cali- sources manage- 4. Apply BAI bration ment. Float(b2)-float(b1) B1= BAI of Sand fire Two Sand fire (Jul 22, 2016-Aug 3, 2016) and Creek fire (Dec 5, 2017- B2= BAI of Creek fire Jan 9, 2018) happened in Angeles National Forest. It is worthwhile to evaluate the change after these two fires by using some index. -
The Costs and Losses of Wildfires a Literature Review
NIST Special Publication 1215 The Costs and Losses of Wildfires A Literature Review Douglas Thomas David Butry Stanley Gilbert David Webb Juan Fung This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1215 NIST Special Publication 1215 The Costs and Losses of Wildfires A Literature Survey Douglas Thomas David Butry Stanley Gilbert David Webb Juan Fung Applied Economics Office Engineering Laboratory This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1215 November 2017 U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Walter Copan, NIST Director and Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Photo Credit: Lake City, Fla., May 15, 2007 -- The Florida Bugaboo Fire still rages out of control in some locations. FEMA Photo by Mark Wolfe - May 14, 2007 - Location: Lake City, FL: https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/images/51316 National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 1215 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 1215, 72 pages (October 2017) CODEN: NSPUE2 This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1215 Abstract This report enumerates all possible costs of wildfire management and wildfire-related losses. -
Sonoma-Lake-Napa Unit 2020 Strategic Fire Plan
Figure: 1 Capell Incident Sonoma-Lake-Napa Unit 2020 Strategic Fire Plan Unit Strategic Fire Plan Amendments Description of Updated Date Section Updated Page Numbers Updated Update By 5/26/2020 ALL ALL Annual Update S.Cardwell 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE ........................................................................................................ 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 5 SECTION I: UNIT OVERVIEW ....................................................................................... 6 SECTION II: UNIT PREPAREDNESS AND FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITIES ............... 9 SECTION III: VALUES .................................................................................................. 12 History of Large Fires ................................................................................................. 12 Values at Risk ............................................................................................................ 12 Section IV: PRE-FIRE MANAGEMENT STRATAGIES & TACTICS ........................... 13 Communication and Collaboration ............................................................................. 13 Pre-Fire Planning ....................................................................................................... 14 Section V: MONITORING PROGRAMS EFFECTIVNESS .......................................... 16 Emergency Command Center ................................................................................... -
Wildland Fire Management Handbook for Sub-Sahara Africa
cover final.qxd 2004/03/29 11:57 AM Page 1 Africa is a fire continent. Since the early evolution of humanity, fire has been harnessed as a land-use tool. Wildland Fire Management Many ecosystems of Sub-Sahara Africa that have been WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT shaped by fire over millennia provide a high carrying HANDBOOK WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT Handbook for Sub-Sahara Africa capacity for human populations, wildlife and domestic livestock. The rich biodiversity of tropical and sub- tropical savannas, grasslands and fynbos ecosystems is attributed to the regular influence of fire. However, as a Edited by Johann G Goldammer & Cornelis de Ronde result of land-use change, increasing population FOR SUB-SAHARA AFRICA pressure and increased vulnerability of agricultural land, FOR SUB-SAHARA AFRICA timber plantations and residential areas, many wildfires have a detrimental impact on ecosystem stability, economy and human security. The Wildland Fire Management Handbook for Sub-Sahara Africa aims to address both sides of wildland fire, the best possible use of prescribed fire for maintaining and stabilising eco- systems, and the state-of-the-art in wildfire fire prevention and control. The book has been prepared by a group of authors with different backgrounds in wildland fire science and fire management. This has resulted in a book that is unique in its style and contents – carefully positioned between a scientific textbook and a guidebook for fire manage- ment practices, this volume will prove invaluable to fire management practitioners and decision-makers alike. The handbook also makes a significant contribution towards facilitating capacity building in fire manage- ment across the entire Sub-Sahara Africa region. -
Recovering from Wildfire: a Guide for California's Forest Landowners
ANR Publication 8386 | July 2017 http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu Recovering from Wildfire: A Guide for California’s Forest Landowners WHAT SHOULD I DO NOW? s a forest landowner, you will eventually face the inevitable: wildfire. KRISTEN SHIVE, Staff Research ANo matter how many acres have burned on your property, you are Assistant, Department of left wondering, “What should I do now?” After the fire is out, it is time to Environmental Science, Policy assess the impact of the fire and make some decisions. Wildfires typically and Management, University have a range of impacts, many of which can be damaging to trees and of California, Berkeley; SUSAN property. However, when wildfires burn at lower intensities, they often KOCHER, Forestry/Natural Resources Advisor, UC Cooperative have fewer negative impacts and may actually improve the long-term Extension, Central Sierra health of the forest. Understanding the range of impacts on your property can help you decide where and when to take action to protect your land from further impacts and to recoup losses. This publication discusses issues that forest landowners should consider following a wildfire in their forest, including how to assess fire impacts, protect valuable property from damage due to erosion, where to go for help and financial assistance, how to salvage dead trees or replant on your land, and how to claim a casualty loss on your tax return. UNDERSTANDinG THE FIRE’S EffECTS Fire is a dynamic process that typically burns in a mosaic pattern with a broad range of fire severities. Fire severity is the magnitude of ecological change from prefire conditions, usually described in terms of the amount of live biomass that was killed. -
This Is How a California Wildfire Can Change Your Homeowners Insurance Rate
This is how a California wildfire can change your homeowners insurance rate Press Telegram, San Gabriel Valley Tribune Some Southern California residents have seen their insurance rates skyrocket as a result of wildfires. The latest round of fires is fueling concerns that rates may eventually be boosted again. Scores of Southern California residents living in or near the path of the latest wildfires have suffered damage to their homes — or barely avoided it. Will they see their insurance rates go up as a result? Rates may eventually rise, but it won’t happen right away, according to Janet Ruiz, the California representative for the Insurance Information Institute. “Insurance companies don’t react immediately to something like a specific fire,” Ruiz said. “They will look at the last five to 10 years and the history of the area where the homes are.” Insurers consider a variety of factors when considering a rate hike, she said, such as whether a home has a sprinkler system and if the homeowner has cleared brush away from the house. “Some places have what they call ‘fire-wise communities’ where the whole community works together to make sure the land is cleared,” Ruiz said. “Insurance companies will look at things like that as well as the loss history of the area and what other precautions people may have taken to protect their homes.” The average deductible for fire insurance in California ranges from $1,000 to $2,000, although people with more expensive homes and those living in extreme high-risk areas pay around $5,000, according to Ruiz. -
For Forests' Sake: Positive Feedback Loops and Budget Mismanagement
For Forests’ Sake: Positive Feedback Loops and Budget Mismanagement Written by: James Warren Edited by: Elisabeth Lembo Background: In October 2019, the Kincaid fire began. Spread and amplified by powerful winds, the fire ravaged northern California, burning over 75,000 acres of land and destroying hundreds of homes and buildings.[1] During the fire, Pacific Gas & Electric shut off power for over two million California residents to prevent downed power lines from causing new fires, potentially imperiling those who needed power for updates about the movements of the fires and necessary evacuations.[2]This situation, coupled with the Los-Angeles-proximate Tick Fire, led California Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency in Los Angeles and Sonoma counties, resulting in the evacuation of 50,000 Los Angeles residents.[3] Forest fires like those ravaging California are becoming increasingly common nationwide. Almost every state has seen an increase in total acreage burned over the past thirty years | 1 For Forests’ Sake: Positive Feedback Loops and Budget Mismanagement (Figure 1).[4] Though 2019 has been a relatively quiet year, the trend toward more severe fires is clear. In 2018, for example, California suffered over 1,800,000 of acres of wildfire damage, with over 8.5 million acres burned across the United States as a whole.[5]Over the past thirty years, total acreage loss due to wildfires has been increasing dramatically, nearly doubling loss levels from the 1980s and 1990s (Figure 2).[6]In the same time frame, the total number of individual fires stayed relatively stagnant, meaning the fires are becoming more disastrous (Figure 3).[7]These dramatic increases have occurred despite technological improvements in fire suppression and increases in firefighting personnel.[8] Environmental causes–climate change and an extended drought season–explain the increase in fire size and intensity.