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Checklist of the Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Guiana Shield

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Checklist of the Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Guiana Shield CHECKLIST OF THE TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES OF THE GUIANA SHIELD Tom Hollowell and Robert P. Reynolds, editors (TH) Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program National Museum of Natural History MRC 166, P.O. Box 37012 Washington, D.C., 20013-7012, U.S.A. (RPR) USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center National Museum of Natural History, MRC 111, P.O. Box 37012 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. i Front cover illustration: Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758), Myrmecophagidae, the Southern Tamandua, illustration by Karl S. Pogany, 1961, q 2005 the Royal Ontario Museum. Ilustrations facing each section: for the Foreword, Chelus ®mbriatus (Schneider, 1783), Chelidae, the Mata-Mata turtle, illustration by Morag Williams, coutesty of the Guyana Marine Turtle Conservation Society; for the Preface, Artibeus obscurus Schinz, 1821, the Dark Fruit-Eating Bat, Phyllostomidae and Phyllostomus discolor Wagner, 1843, Phyllostom- idae, the Pale Spear-nosed Bat, illustrations by Karl S. Pogany, 1961, q 2005 the Royal Ontario Museum; for the Introduction, Bubo viginianus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788), Strigidae, illustration by Robert Savannah, courtesy of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; for Amphibians, Oreophrynella quelchii (Boulenger 1895), Bufonidae, the Roraima Bush Toad, illustration by Penelope Kay Hollingworth, courtesy of Roy McDiarmid; for Reptiles, Arthrosaura guianensis MacCulloch & Lathrop, 2001, Gymnophthalmidae, illustration of head by Amy Lathrop, courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum; for Birds, Carduelis cucullata Swainson, 1820, Fringillidae, the Red Siskin, with its food plant Curatella americana L., Dilleniaceae, illustration by John C. Anderton, courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program; for Mammals, Pithecia pithecia (Linnaeus, 1766), Pitheciinae, the Guianan Saki, illustraton of a female by Karl S. Pogany, 1961, q 2005 the Royal Ontario Museum. All photographs are reproduced courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Pro- gram, except as noted. Preferred citations: Hollowell, T., and R. P. Reynolds, eds. 2005. Checklist of the Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Guiana Shield. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, no. 13. or, e.g., A vila Pires, T. C. S. 2005. Reptiles, in Checklist of the Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Guiana Shield, Hollowell, T., and R. P. Reynolds, eds. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, no. 13. ii CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS ............................................ iv ABSTRACT ................................................. v FOREWORD................................................. vii CristiaÂn Samper PREFACE ................................................... ix V. A. Funk and Carol L. Kelloff INTRODUCTION............................................. 1 Tom Hollowell and Robert P. Reynolds AMPHIBIANS ............................................... 9 J. Celsa SenÄaris and Ross MacCulloch REPTILES ................................................... 25 Teresa C. S. de A vila Pires BIRDS ...................................................... 43 Chris Milensky, Wiltshire Hinds, Alexandre Aleixo, and Maria de FaÂtima C. Lima MAMMALS ................................................. 77 Burton K. Lim, Mark D. Engstrom, and Jose Ochoa G. PLATES..................................................... 93 iii CONTRIBUTORS Alexandre Aleixo, Department of Zoology, Museo Paraense EmÂõlio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 399 CEP 66040-170, BeleÂm, ParaÂ, Brazil Teresa C. S. de A vila Pires, Department of Zoology, Museo Paraense EmÂõlio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 399 CEP 66040-170, BeleÂm, ParaÂ, Brazil Mark D. Engstrom, Department of Mammalogy, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada Maria de FaÂtima C. Lima, Department of Zoology, Museo Paraense EmÂõlio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 399 CEP 66040-170, BeleÂm, ParaÂ, Brazil Vicki A. Funk, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. Wiltshire Hinds, University of Guyana; current address 294 Stanhope Street, Apt # 2L Brooklyn, NY 11237, U.S.A. Tom Hollowell, Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program, National Museum of Natural History MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. Carol L. Kelloff, Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program, National Museum of Natural History MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. Burton K. Lim, Department of Mammalogy, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada Ross MacCulloch, Department of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada Chris Milensky, Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History MRC 116, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. Jose Ochoa G., Wildlife Conservation Society/ACOANA, Aparatado 51532, Caracas 1050-A, Venezuela Robert P. Reynolds, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 111, PO Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. CristiaÂn Samper, Director, National Museum of Natural History MRC 106, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. J. Celsa SenÄaris, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado 1930, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela iv Abstract.ÐDistributions are given for 1850 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the Guiana Shield region of northeastern South America, with introductory text by the authors of each section. Distributions cover the three Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, and French Guiana), and the states of the Venezuelan Guayna (Amazonas, BolÂõvar, and Delta Amacuro), and in some cases the states of the Brazilian portion of the Guiana Shield (Amazonas, Roraima, ParaÂ, and AmapaÂ), and the Colombian portion of the Guiana Shield. The ®rst section is a checklist of amphibians of the Guiana Shield, by J. Celsa SenÄaris and Ross MacCulloch, detailing the distribution of 269 species. The second section is a checklist of the reptiles of the Guiana Shield by Teresa C. S. de A vila Pires, detailing the distribution of 295 species. The third section is a checklist of the birds of the Guiana Shield, by Chris Milensky, Wiltshire Hinds, Alexandre Aleixo, and Maria de FaÂtima C. Lima, detailing the distri- bution of 1004 species. The fourth section is a checklist of the mammals of the Guiana Shield, by Burton K. Lim, Mark D. Engstrom, and Jose Ochoa G., detailing the distribution of 282 species. Key Words.ÐGuiana Shield, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Zoological Nomenclature, Biodiversity, Biogeography, Ver- tebrates, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals v FOREWORD Natural History Museums have never been more formation, and as such it de®nes a section of north- important than they are today. The expeditions they eastern South America that is ideally a natural unit sponsor, the collections they house, and the research rather than a political one. This gives the checklist they foster are critical to understanding the biological an environmental focus that is a ®rst step toward diversity of our world. thinking in terms of ecosystems, evolution, and sys- It is a pleasure to introduce the Checklist of the tematics rather than simple lists of organisms. Along Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Guiana Shield, a new these lines, data in this checklist are already being research and conservation resource, which highlights used to examine endemicity levels, species turnover three critical facets of our Museum's work: research, rates, and the location of areas most in need of ad- collections, and expeditions. This checklist was pro- ditional study. The checklist is particularly useful for duced using information gathered from both histori- these types of investigations because it includes sev- cal and recent collections housed at Museums around eral groups of organisms, (amphibians, reptiles, birds, the world and many recent expeditions to northeast- and mammals), facilitating comparisons among the ern South America. The expertise of scientists from different groups. It also presents distributions in a many organizations has been drawn together and matrix that allows for an initial visual discrimination made available to the scienti®c and conservation of patterns across a large portion of northeastern communities in both hard copy and on the web South America. In addition, checklists are useful in conservation (www.mnh.si.edu/biodiversity/bdg). efforts in northeastern South America, as they pro- This new resource should be of particular use to vide standardized species nomenclature that will be students, taxonomists, ecologists, and conservation used in both governmental and academic undertak- biologists as well as to interested amateurs. It is a ings, including impact studies, reserve planning, eco- signi®cant contribution toward a better understanding logical research, production of faunal studies, and of the biodiversity of northeastern South America, biogeographical analyses, allowing various data sets and we are proud to have played a part in its pro- to be compared with greater accuracy and con®dence. duction. Finally, this publication exempli®es the collabo- The Guiana Shield region has long held a fasci- rative nature of studies in biological diversity sci- nation for tropical biologists because of its unique ence, re¯ecting as it does the efforts of so many spe- geography that includes table-top mountains known cialists essential to its production. It is a truly inter- as tepuis, tropical savannas,
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