DOCSLIB.ORG

The Impact of Blogs on State Politics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2008 The mpI act of Blogs on State Politics Emily Metzgar Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Mass Communication Commons Recommended Citation Metzgar, Emily, "The mpI act of Blogs on State Politics" (2008). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1398. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1398 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE IMPACT OF BLOGS ON STATE POLITICS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Manship School of Mass Communication by Emily Metzgar B.A., University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, MI, 1993 M.A., The George Washington University - Washington, DC, 1997 August 2008 © Copyright 2008 Emily Therese Metzgar All rights reserved ii To my parents. Thank you. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people contributed to the successful completion of this project and while space does not permit me to list all of them, several individuals deserve special mention. First, thank you to the chair of my committee, Dr. Kirby Goidel, who smilingly processed my ideas while simultaneously offering more realistic options. I have appreciated his support, his humor and his willingness to give me enough rope to get into trouble. The other members of my committee also offered invaluable guidance and support throughout the process. Dr. Margaret DeFleur ensured I did not get too carried away with my application and interpretation of mass communication theories. She also guided me past some difficult administrative and other hurdles. Meanwhile, Dr. David Kurpius kept me from wandering too far into the political wilderness without tying my findings to journalistic realities. And Dr. Jim Garand from the Department of Political Science helped me keep it all in a multi-disciplinary perspective. I also want to thank Dr. Andrew King from the Department of Communication Studies who served as the Graduate School’s representative on my committee. I have appreciated his enthusiastic interest in and support for this project. Thank you also to Jack Hamilton, Dean of the Manship School of Mass Communication, whose friendship and support I value greatly. He has created a collegial environment conducive to academic pursuits and I have truly enjoyed being a part of it. Finally, a heartfelt thank you to my dear family and friends who helped me over the finish line. I could not have done this without you. Emily Metzgar August 2008 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION.......................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.....................................................................iv ABSTRACT..........................................................................................vii INTRODUCTION..................................................................................1 A Noteworthy Incident ...............................................................1 Blogs and Politics........................................................................3 New Players, New Pressure Points, New Politics ...........4 Blogs in the Political Environment................................. 7 Politics and the Distribution of Information..................9 Origins of This Project ............................................................. 11 Organization ............................................................................. 12 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................... 15 Overview of the Literature....................................................... 15 Uses and Gratifications................................................. 16 Framing ......................................................................... 20 Agenda Setting .............................................................. 26 News Norms, Routines and the Agenda ....................... 31 Media, Discourse and Political Participation............... 35 Blogs as Public Sphere .................................................. 43 Blogs at the Intersection of Media and Politics............ 46 RESEARCH QUESTIONS, METHODS AND SURVEY .................. 51 Research Questions................................................................... 51 Methods..................................................................................... 51 Survey ....................................................................................... 52 Design ............................................................................ 54 Results ........................................................................... 55 Discussion.................................................................................. 67 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................... 69 The General Blogger Profile..................................................... 69 Political Cynicism and Efficacy................................................ 70 Blogs and Attention .................................................................. 72 Blogs and Journalism ............................................................... 73 To the Case Studies................................................................... 73 CASE STUDIES................................................................................... 75 Introduction.............................................................................. 76 Illinois: Rage Against the Vaccine ........................................... 81 Emergence ..................................................................... 83 Definition/Conflict......................................................... 86 v Resonance...................................................................... 87 Equilibrium/Resolution................................................. 89 Discussion ...................................................................... 90 Kentucky: Keeping the Doors Open ........................................ 91 Emergence ..................................................................... 92 Definition/Conflict......................................................... 93 Resonance...................................................................... 94 Equilibrium/Resolution................................................. 95 Discussion ...................................................................... 96 Louisiana: Internet Kooks Intervene....................................... 97 Emergence ..................................................................... 97 Definition/Conflict......................................................... 99 Resonance.................................................................... 101 Equilibrium/Resolution............................................... 102 Discussion .................................................................... 103 Concluding Thoughts ............................................................. 105 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................ 108 Putting the Findings in Context ............................................. 109 Audience, Public Sphere and Democratic Discourse . 109 Blogger Characteristics............................................... 110 Limited State Media Resources .................................. 111 States as Policy Labs ................................................... 112 Failure to Attribute..................................................... 113 Big Fish, Small Pond Effect ........................................ 114 Sensitivity to Constituent Input.................................. 115 Unaccustomed Attention for Uncommon Players...... 115 Identification of Trade-Offs........................................ 116 Beyond the Basics ................................................................... 117 Prospects for Future Research ................................... 117 REFERENCES................................................................................... 122 APPENDIX A. STATE BLOGGER SURVEY QUESTIONS......... 135 APPENDIX B. STATE BLOGGER SURVEY RESULTS.............. 154 APPENDIX C. BLOGS CONTACTED FOR THE SURVEY ........ 167 VITA................................................................................................... 172 vi ABSTRACT “Information is the currency of democracy” ~Thomas Jefferson This research offers the first comprehensive study of state-focused political bloggers in the United States. Applying original data from the author’s nationwide survey of state-focused bloggers conducted during the summer of 2007, this study addresses three primary research questions: Who are the people creating blogs focused on state politics? What motivates these people to initiate and maintain their blogs? Do these blogs play a discernable role in a given state’s politics, and if so, how? Rooted in the literature of framing; agenda setting; uses and gratifications; news norms and routines; media and democratic accountability; and political knowledge,
Recommended publications
  • Journalism's Backseat Drivers. American Journalism

    Journalism's Backseat Drivers. American Journalism

    V. Journalism's The ascendant blogosphere has rattled the news media with its tough critiques and nonstop scrutiny of their reporting. But the relationship between the two is nfiore complex than it might seem. In fact, if they stay out of the defensive crouch, the battered Backseat mainstream media may profit from the often vexing encounters. BY BARB PALSER hese are beleaguered times for news organizations. As if their problems "We see you behind the curtain...and we're not impressed by either with rampant ethical lapses and declin- ing readership and viewersbip aren't your bluster or your insults. You aren't higher beings, and everybody out enough, their competence and motives are being challenged by outsiders with here has the right—and ability—to fact-check your asses, and call you tbe gall to call them out before a global audience. on it when you screw up and/or say something stupid. You, and Eason Journalists are in the hot seat, their feet held to tbe flames by citizen bloggers Jordan, and Dan Rather, and anybody else in print or on television who believe mainstream media are no more trustwortby tban tbe politicians don't get free passes because you call yourself journalists.'" and corporations tbey cover, tbat journal- ists tbemselves bave become too lazy, too — Vodkapundit blogger Will Collier responding to CJR cloistered, too self-rigbteous to be tbe watcbdogs tbey once were. Or even to rec- Daily Managing Editor Steve Lovelady's characterization ognize what's news. Some track tbe trend back to late of bloggers as "salivating morons" 2002, wben bloggers latcbed onto U.S.
  • Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012

    Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012

    Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Jennifer E. Manning Information Research Specialist Colleen J. Shogan Deputy Director and Senior Specialist November 26, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30261 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Summary Ninety-four women currently serve in the 112th Congress: 77 in the House (53 Democrats and 24 Republicans) and 17 in the Senate (12 Democrats and 5 Republicans). Ninety-two women were initially sworn in to the 112th Congress, two women Democratic House Members have since resigned, and four others have been elected. This number (94) is lower than the record number of 95 women who were initially elected to the 111th Congress. The first woman elected to Congress was Representative Jeannette Rankin (R-MT, 1917-1919, 1941-1943). The first woman to serve in the Senate was Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA). She was appointed in 1922 and served for only one day. A total of 278 women have served in Congress, 178 Democrats and 100 Republicans. Of these women, 239 (153 Democrats, 86 Republicans) have served only in the House of Representatives; 31 (19 Democrats, 12 Republicans) have served only in the Senate; and 8 (6 Democrats, 2 Republicans) have served in both houses. These figures include one non-voting Delegate each from Guam, Hawaii, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Currently serving Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) holds the record for length of service by a woman in Congress with 35 years (10 of which were spent in the House).
  • Guide to Politics, Media & Elections Campaign Politics

    Guide to Politics, Media & Elections Campaign Politics

    http://www.ithaca.edu/library/research/elect.html Ask a Librarian Talk Back! Search Home Research Services Library Info Help Guide to Politics, Media & Elections Below the fold: Blogs | Polls | Media Issues | Voter Guides | The Party Line | Campaign Finances Campaign Politics Resources with the most direct focus on it. Only selective articles available for resources marked with $ Hotline & Wake-up CQWeekly$'s Taegan Goddard's Ron Gunzburger's Call provide daily CQPolitics covers Political Wire & Politics1.com -- briefings on politics top stories and Political Insider for short news & "by from The National hosts several campaign news. the numbers." Journal$. campaign bloggers. ElectionCentral, Daily Kos (the most Politico & Conservative Real from Josh visited lefty blog) Washington Clear Politics links Marshall's has strong coverage Independent to news & opinion investigative (& of campaign exemplify from various liberal) Talking politics. independent media. viewpoints. Points Memo. PoliticsHome & Dem Swing State Crooks & Liars is Arianna's Huffington memeorandum Project for best known for Post for lefty news auto-generate congressional political video clips. analysis. political news. races. Political News & Opinion from Main Stream Media Only selective articles available for resources marked with *. Others may require free registration. (The interconnectedness of some can be viewed at Big Ten Conglomerate) TV & Radio: NPR: Politics & Political Newspapers & News Magazines: Junkie | Public NewsRoom, via WEOS Washington Post: Politics & Columnists
  • Inter-Media Agenda-Setting Effects in Ghana: Newspaper Vs. Online and State Vs

    Inter-Media Agenda-Setting Effects in Ghana: Newspaper Vs. Online and State Vs

    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Inter-media agenda-setting effects in Ghana: newspaper vs. online and state vs. private Etse Godwin Sikanku Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Sikanku, Etse Godwin, "Inter-media agenda-setting effects in Ghana: newspaper vs. online and state vs. private" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15414. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15414 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Inter-media agenda-setting effects in Ghana: newspaper vs. online and state vs. private by Etse Godwin Sikanku A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Journalism and Mass Communication Program of Study Committee: Eric Abbott (Major Professor) Daniela Dimitrova Francis Owusu Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2008 Copyright© Etse Godwin Sikanku, 2008. All rights reserved. 1457541 1457541 2008 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES iii LIST OF FIGURES iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v ABSTRACT vii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 4 The agenda-setting theory 4 Agenda-setting research in Ghana 4 Inter-media agenda-setting 5 Online News 8 State Ownership 10 Press history in Ghana 13 Research Questions 19 CHAPTER 3.
  • Participation, Citizen Journalism and the Contestations of Identity and National Symbols: a Case of Zimbabwe's Natio

    Participation, Citizen Journalism and the Contestations of Identity and National Symbols: a Case of Zimbabwe's Natio

    Participation, citizen journalism and the contestations of identity and national symbols: A case of Zimbabwe’s national heroes and the Heroes’ Acre Shepherd Mpofu Department of Communication University of Johannesburg [email protected]@uj.ac.za/ [email protected] Abstract This article constitutes an examination on how citizen journalism has challenged Robert Mugabe’s authoritarian regime on issues pertaining to national heroes and usages of the Heroes Acre as central national identity markers. Under Mugabe’s ZANU‐PF, Zimbabwe has seen the public being limited from directly participating in salient national debates. ZANU‐PF’s control of the official public sphere has also constrained alternative views from ventilating the government‐controlled communicative spaces. The party’s narrative on heroes, the Heroes Acre and national identity has gained a taken‐for‐granted status in the public media. This has obtained against the backdrop of what has become known as the Zimbabwe crises, characterised by a declining economy, a constricted political space, a breakdown in the rule of law, and the subsequent flight of a number of Zimbabweans into the diaspora. The accompanying wave of technological advancements and the mushrooming of mostly diaspora‐based online media have opened up new vistas of communication, enabling a hitherto ‘silenced’ community of ordinary people to participate in national conversations. The conclusion reached here, is that citizen journalism has not only enhanced the culture of conversation among people (as espoused under democratic conditions) but has also covered up the democratic deficit experienced in the public sphere, mediated by traditional media, parliament and pavement radio.
  • Reporting Facts: Free from Fear Or Favour

    Reporting Facts: Free from Fear Or Favour

    Reporting Facts: Free from Fear or Favour PREVIEW OF IN FOCUS REPORT ON WORLD TRENDS IN FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND MEDIA DEVELOPMENT INDEPENDENT MEDIA PLAY AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN SOCIETIES. They make a vital contribution to achieving sustainable development – including, topically, Sustainable Development Goal 3 that calls for healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. In the context of COVID-19, this is more important than ever. Journalists need editorial independence in order to be professional, ethical and serve the public interest. But today, journalism is under increased threat as a result of public and private sector influence that endangers editorial independence. All over the world, journalists are struggling to stave off pressures and attacks from both external actors and decision-making systems or individuals in their own outlets. By far, the greatest menace to editorial independence in a growing number of countries across the world is media capture, a form of media control that is achieved through systematic steps by governments and powerful interest groups. This capture is through taking over and abusing: • regulatory mechanisms governing the media, • state-owned or state-controlled media operations, • public funds used to finance journalism, and • ownership of privately held news outlets. Such overpowering control of media leads to a shrinking of journalistic autonomy and contaminates the integrity of the news that is available to the public. However, there is push-back, and even more can be done to support editorial independence
  • China's Global Media Footprint

    China's Global Media Footprint

    February 2021 SHARP POWER AND DEMOCRATIC RESILIENCE SERIES China’s Global Media Footprint Democratic Responses to Expanding Authoritarian Influence by Sarah Cook ABOUT THE SHARP POWER AND DEMOCRATIC RESILIENCE SERIES As globalization deepens integration between democracies and autocracies, the compromising effects of sharp power—which impairs free expression, neutralizes independent institutions, and distorts the political environment—have grown apparent across crucial sectors of open societies. The Sharp Power and Democratic Resilience series is an effort to systematically analyze the ways in which leading authoritarian regimes seek to manipulate the political landscape and censor independent expression within democratic settings, and to highlight potential civil society responses. This initiative examines emerging issues in four crucial arenas relating to the integrity and vibrancy of democratic systems: • Challenges to free expression and the integrity of the media and information space • Threats to intellectual inquiry • Contestation over the principles that govern technology • Leverage of state-driven capital for political and often corrosive purposes The present era of authoritarian resurgence is taking place during a protracted global democratic downturn that has degraded the confidence of democracies. The leading authoritarians are ABOUT THE AUTHOR challenging democracy at the level of ideas, principles, and Sarah Cook is research director for China, Hong Kong, and standards, but only one side seems to be seriously competing Taiwan at Freedom House. She directs the China Media in the contest. Bulletin, a monthly digest in English and Chinese providing news and analysis on media freedom developments related Global interdependence has presented complications distinct to China. Cook is the author of several Asian country from those of the Cold War era, which did not afford authoritarian reports for Freedom House’s annual publications, as regimes so many opportunities for action within democracies.
  • Delivering Timely Environmental Information to Your Community

    Delivering Timely Environmental Information to Your Community

    United States Office of Research and Development EPA/625/R-01/010 Environmental Protection Office of Environmental Information September 2001 Agency Washington, DC 20460 http://www.epa.gov/empact Delivering Timely Environmental Information to Your Community The Boulder Area Sustainability Information Network (BASIN) E M P A C T Environmental Monitoring for Public Access & Community Tracking Disclaimer This document has been reviewed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and ap- proved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute en- dorsement or recommendation of their use. EPA/625/R-01/010 September 2001 Delivering Timely Environmental Information to Your Community The Boulder Area Sustainability Information Network (BASIN) United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati, OH 45268 Recycled/Recyclable Printed with vegetable- based ink on paper that contains a minimum of 50% post-consumer fiber content processed chlorine free CONTRIBUTORS Dr. Dan Petersen of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Risk Management Laboratory, served as principal author of this handbook and managed its development with support of Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., an EPA contractor. The following contributing authors represent the BASIN team and provided valuable assistance for the development of the handbook: BASIN Team Larry Barber, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Boulder, Colorado Michael
  • Print Journalism: a Critical Introduction

    Print Journalism: a Critical Introduction

    Print Journalism A critical introduction Print Journalism: A critical introduction provides a unique and thorough insight into the skills required to work within the newspaper, magazine and online journalism industries. Among the many highlighted are: sourcing the news interviewing sub-editing feature writing and editing reviewing designing pages pitching features In addition, separate chapters focus on ethics, reporting courts, covering politics and copyright whilst others look at the history of newspapers and magazines, the structure of the UK print industry (including its financial organisation) and the development of journalism education in the UK, helping to place the coverage of skills within a broader, critical context. All contributors are experienced practising journalists as well as journalism educators from a broad range of UK universities. Contributors: Rod Allen, Peter Cole, Martin Conboy, Chris Frost, Tony Harcup, Tim Holmes, Susan Jones, Richard Keeble, Sarah Niblock, Richard Orange, Iain Stevenson, Neil Thurman, Jane Taylor and Sharon Wheeler. Richard Keeble is Professor of Journalism at Lincoln University and former director of undergraduate studies in the Journalism Department at City University, London. He is the author of Ethics for Journalists (2001) and The Newspapers Handbook, now in its fourth edition (2005). Print Journalism A critical introduction Edited by Richard Keeble First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX9 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Selection and editorial matter © 2005 Richard Keeble; individual chapters © 2005 the contributors All rights reserved.
  • Through the Network (Of Networks) – the Fifth Estate* By

    Through the Network (Of Networks) – the Fifth Estate* By

    Through the Network (of Networks) – the Fifth Estate* by William H. Dutton Professor of Internet Studies Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford *Prepared for an Inaugural Lecture, Examination Schools, University of Oxford, 15 October 2007. I thank Martin Elton, Linda Frankland, Ellen Helsper, Malcolm Peltu and Juliet Webster for their comments and encouragement to discuss this topic. 1 It is an honour for me to present my inaugural lecture to you, and to do so here in The Examination Schools. This is a special place and – as we all know – place matters. Today, I will focus on how – in Internet time and space – users are able to reconfigure their access to information, people and other resources in new ways that are of major significance for society. The Rise of a Fifth Estate in Internet Time and Space In an earlier era, printing was tied to the rise of the press as a major institution. Its subsequent growing role in conjunction with the development of radio, television and other mass media has created an independent institution in many nations, which has become known as the ‘Fourth Estate’. This has become central to pluralist democratic processes. Today I would like to explain why I believe it would not be an exaggeration to argue that a new form of social accountability is emerging in what I am calling the ‘Fifth Estate’. It is enabled by the growing use of the Internet and related information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as the personal computer and World Wide Web. Essentially, the Internet is enabling people to network with other individuals and with a vast range of information, services and technical resources.
  • A Submission to the 2020 Senate Committee Inquiry Into Media Diversity in Australia

    A Submission to the 2020 Senate Committee Inquiry Into Media Diversity in Australia

    A submission to the 2020 Senate Committee Inquiry into Media Diversity in Australia Submitted by Michael Charles Taylor and Carol Anne Taylor of The Australian Independent Media Network Address: Email: [email protected] Phone numbers: Michael Taylor: Carol Taylor: Introduction For several decades the Murdoch media have enjoyed an unbridled run as the major source for news, information and opinion in this country. It is a position, many would suggest, that they have protected without ethics or morals. Especially when it comes to opinion. Theirs, and only theirs counts. For example, anyone wishing to have their own ideas and opinions published on their media sites have had to contend with the editorial policies that are generally based on the ideology of the editors and of course, on what is sellable. However, this regime of control over what content is allowed to emerge is now collapsing in today’s world of participatory media. For the Murdoch media the loss of this power and ability to mould public opinion has shown them to be less of news purveyors and more of propagandists. Our submission begins on Page 2 Points a, b, d, e, f, i and j of the Terms of Reference are addressed. 1 (a) The current state of public interest journalism in Australia and any barriers to Australian voters’ ability to access reliable, accurate and independent news. While it is laudable that this Inquiry into media diversity in Australia has been established, we can’t see how any recommendation it might make could be implemented. With the conservatives flexing their muscles and pushing their ‘free speech’ agenda aggressively, any recommendation would likely to be smothered under a pile of rhetoric designed to frighten people into believing that their liberties were being threatened.
  • Sponsored by Congratulates and Honors W

    Sponsored by Congratulates and Honors W

    sponsored by Congratulates and Honors W Donna G. Klein & Col. Dell M. Dempsey as Women of the Year 601 Poydras Street, 12th Floor | New Orleans, LA 70130 | (504) 586-1200 | FAX (504) 596-2800 www.mcglinchey.com Published by NOPG LLC 111 Veterans Memorial Blvd., Suite 1440, Metairie, LA 70005 504-834-9292; Fax: 504-837-2258. 2008 of the Publisher: D. Mark Singletary Associate Publisher: Lisa Blossman Managing Editor: Greg LaRose Anniversary News Editor: Christian Moises Y Autumn C. Giusti, Renee Aragon-Dolese Y Associate Editors: Art Director: Alex Borges Account Executives: Liz Baldini, Jeanne Farrell, Cassie Foreman, Ginger Graf, Coco Evans Judd contents Production Manager: Julie Bernard Photographer: Frank Aymami Introduction . .5 Jacquelyn Clarkson . .31 Nancy Marshall . .54 Past honorees . .6 Michelle Craig . .32 Anne Milling . .55 WCarol Solomon . .8 Bernie Cullen . .33 Cheryl Mintz . .56 Jacqueline Alexander . .10 Elizabeth Dannewald . .35 Beverly Nichols . .57 Heather Alleman . .11 Nancy Scott Degan . .37 Michelle Nugent . .58 Sandra Andrieu . .12 Dell Dempsey . .38 Beth Payton . .59 Therese Badon . .13 Johnette Downing . .39 Tara Richard . .60 Jesyka Bartlett . .14 Patti Ellish . .41 Jade Russell . .61 Lauren Baum . .15 Cathi Fontenot . .43 Elizabeth Scheer . .62 Penny Baumer . .16 Elizabeth Futrell . .44 Rachael Schorr . .63 Dottie Belletto . .19 Jocelyn Greely . .45 Stacy Seamon . .64 C. Lynn Besch . .20 Samantha Griffin . .46 Pamela Senatore . .65 Julia Bland . .25 Jayne Gurtler . .47 Kristin Shannon . .66 Kim Boyle . .26 Kristine Hatfield . .48 Jessica Soileau . .67 Cindy Brennan . .27 Laura Held . .49 Charlee Williamson . .68 Christine Briede . .28 Donna Klein . .50 Rachel Wisdom . .69 Debbie Brockley . .29 Priscilla Lawrence .