The Charter, Federalism, and the Constitution, La Charte, Le

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The Charter, Federalism, and the Constitution, La Charte, Le Editorial Board / Comité de rédaction Editor-in-Chief Rédacteur en chef Kenneth McRoberts, York University, Canada Associate Editors Rédacteurs adjoints Alan Cairns, University of British Columbia, Canada Mary Jean Green, Dartmouth College, U.S.A. Lynette Hunter, University of Leeds, United Kingdom Danielle Juteau, Université de Montréal, Canada Managing Editor Secrétaire de rédaction Guy Leclair, ICCS/CIEC, Ottawa, Canada Advisory Board / Comité consultatif Alessandro Anastasi, Universita di Messina, Italy Michael Burgess, University of Keele, United Kingdom Paul Claval, Université de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), France Dona Davis, University of South Dakota, U.S.A. Peter H. Easingwood, University of Dundee, United Kingdom Ziran He, Guangzhou Institute of Foreign Languages, China Helena G. Komkova, Institute of the USA and Canada, USSR Shirin L. Kudchedkar, SNDT Women’s University, India Karl Lenz, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Gregory Mahler, University of Mississippi, U.S.A. James P. McCormick, California State University, U.S.A. William Metcalfe, University of Vermont, U.S.A. Chandra Mohan, University of Delhi, India Elaine F. Nardocchio, McMaster University, Canada Satoru Osanai, Chuo University, Japan Manuel Parés I Maicas, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Espagne Réjean Pelletier, Université Laval, Canada Gemma Persico, Universita di Catania, Italy Richard E. Sherwin, Bar Ilan University, Israel William J. Smyth, St. Patrick’s College, Ireland Sverker Sörlin, Umea University, Sweden Oleg Soroko-Tsupa, Moscow State University, USSR Michèle Therrien, Institut des langues et civilisations orientales, France Gaëtan Tremblay, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada Hillig J.T. van’t Land, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Pays-Bas Mel Watkins, University of Toronto, Canada Gillian Whitlock, Griffith University, Australia Donez Xiques, Brooklyn College, U.S.A. ii International Journal of Canadian Studies Revue internationale d’études canadiennes 7-8 Spring-Fall/7-8 printemps-automne 1993 The Charter, Federalism, and the Constitution La Charte, le fédéralisme et la Constitution Table of Contents/Table des matières Alan C. Cairns Introduction/Présentation ..........................5 José Woehrling La crise constitutionnelle et le réaménagement des rapports entre le Québec et le Canada anglais .............................9 Peter H. Russell Attempting Macro Constitutional Change in Australia and Canada: The Politics of Frustration ...........................41 David M. Thomas Turning a Blind Eye: Constitutional Abeyances and the Canadian Experience .................................63 Richard LaRue et Jocelyn Létourneau De l’unité et de l’identité au Canada. Essai sur l’éclatement d’un État ..................................81 Richard Sigurdson Left- and Right-Wing Charterphobia in Canada: A Critique of the Critics ...................................95 Janet Hiebert Rights and Public Debate: The Limitations of a ‘Rights must be Paramount’ Perspective ................................117 Linda Cardinal Les mouvements sociaux et la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés ..................................137 Andrew D. Heard Quebec Courts and the Canadian Charter of Rights ...........153 François Rocher et Daniel Salée Démocratie et réforme constitutionnelle : discours et pratique......167 Stephen McBride Renewed Federalism as an Instrument of Competitiveness: Liberal Political Economy and the Canadian Constitution.................187 Lilianne E. Krosenbrink-Gelissen The Canadian Constitution, the Charter, and Aboriginal Women’s Rights: Conflicts and Dilemmas .........................207 Radha Jhappan Inherency, Three Nations and Collective Rights: the Evolution of Aboriginal Constitutional Discourse from 1982 to the Charlottetown Accord ..........................225 Jill Vickers The Canadian Women’s Movement and a Changing Constitutional Order ......................................261 Max Nemni La Commission Bélanger-Campeau et la construction de l’idée de sécession au Québec.................................285 Review Essays/Essais critiques Michael Oliver The Impact of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism on Constitutional Thought and Practice in Canada .............315 David R. Cameron Not Spicer and Not the B & B: Reflections of an Insider on the Workings of the Pepin-Robarts Task Force on Canadian Unity ............333 Allan Tupper English-Canadian Scholars and the Meech Lake Accord ........347 Introduction Présentation To an anthropologist from distant À les voir tant obsédés par leur lands, the Canadian obsession with Constitution, un anthropologue de the constitution might be seen as a l’autre bout du monde doit bien cargo cult—the millenarian belief penser que les Canadiens pratiquent that the perfect constitution will be un culte millénariste et attendent delivered up by some magical d’un processus magique la parfaite process, after which Canadian lions constitution qui permettra aux lions and lambs will cavort peaceably et aux agneaux canadiens de together. Undoubtedly, Canadians gambader côte-à-côte. C’est vrai have devoted inordinate time to qu’ils ont consacré au cours des constitutional introspection in the trente dernières années un temps last three decades. Canadian fou à l’introspection scholars have accompanied, and constitutionnelle. Les universitaires sometimes tried to lead, the public et les spécialistes canadiens ont and the political elites in the search souvent accompagné et tenté de for a new constitutional guider le public et les élites equilibrium. politiques dans leur quête d’un nouvel équilibre constitutionnel. Both the authors and the subjects of the articles that follow confirm the Autant les auteurs que les sujets des contrast between yesterday’s and articles ici publiés font voir le today’s constitutional world. contraste entre l’univers Constitutional analysis is no longer constitutionnel d’hier et celui dominated by lawyers; federalism d’aujourd’hui. La recherche does not enjoy an unchallenged constitutionnelle n’est plus pride of place as the subject matter l’apanage des juristes; le par excellence of the written fédéralisme n’occupe plus la place constitution; and French- English (or d’honneur en tant qu’objet par Quebec-Rest of Canada) cleavages do excellence de la constitution écrite; not exhaust the contemporary et les divisions franco-anglaises national question in Canada. (Québec-Reste du Canada) n’épuisent pas la question nationale As this volume reveals, the opening dans le Canada contemporain. up of the constitution means, among other things, diversifying the Comme ce numéro le montre bien, disciplinary backgrounds of those le réexamen de la Constitution who study it to include political suppose désormais que les scientists, philosophers and intervenants oeuvrent dans sociologists. This is the academic plusieurs disciplines différentes, version of the recent democratizing dont la science politique, la of Canadian constitutional philosophie et la sociologie. C’est discourse. The catalyst for this la variante universitaire de la democratization, which induced récente démocratisation du débat resort to a referendum judgement constitutionnel canadien. Le on the 1992 Charlottetown Accord, catalyste de cette démocratisation, is the Charter. The Charter’s qui a entraîné la tenue d’un powerful symbolism, and the référendum sur l’Accord de concomitant relative displacement Charlottetown de 1992, c’est la of federalism as a constitutional Charte canadienne des droits et organizing principle, are illustrated libertés. Le symbolisme puissant de by the Charter’s central place in at la Charte et le déclin relatif et IJCS / RIÉC least a third of the following concomitant du fédéralisme en tant articles. que principe organisateur de la Constitution sont clairement The emergence of Aboriginal illustrés par la place centrale peoples to constitutional qu’occupe la Charte dans au moins prominence, aspects of which are le tiers des articles du présent lucidly explored in two of the numéro. essays, is no less revealing of the kind of constitutional people(s) L’importance nouvelle des peuples Canadians have become. Their autochtones dans les discussions evolution from constitutional constitutionnelles — deux essais objects to constitutional participants sont consacrés à certains aspects de transforms what used to be the two cette question — n’est pas moins nations debate (French-English) révélatrice de l’évolution des into a more complex debate about Canadiens, tous « peuples » the appropriate institutional and confondus, en matière constitutional response to a constitutionnelle. De sujets de multinational rather than binational discussion constitutionnelle qu’ils Canada. étaient, ils sont devenus des participants essentiels, transformant Canada’s recent constitutional ainsi un débat qui se déroulait entre pilgrimage has also undermined the deux nations (Français — Anglais) former virtual monopoly of men en une discussion complexe sur la over constitutional discourse and solution institutionnelle et the agenda of constitutional change. constitutionnelle qui conviendrait le Yesterday’s constitution, although mieux à l’heure d’un Canada this was only dimly seen by our multinational et non plus binational. predecessors, was male. The unsettled relation of women to the Le tout dernier pèlerinage canadien constitutional order, in particular to en terre constitutionnelle a aussi future Aboriginal self-governments, mis à mal le quasi-monopole des is a major constitutional issue hommes sur
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