Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Rev. 6-72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Georgia

COUNTY: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Clay

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections)

Fort Gaines Cemetery Site Cemetery)

AND/OR HISTORIC:

STREET ANQNUMBER: Fort Gaines Cemetery

CITY OR TOWN: CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: Fort Gaines 2

Clay Georgia 13 061

CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC

District Q Building Public Public Acquisition: (21 Occupied Site Q Structure Private [~j In Process [~1 Unoccupied D Object Both [ | Being Considered I | Preservation work in progress

'PREJSENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate)

O Agricultural [~1 Government |~] Transportation I 1 .Commercial Q Industrial I I Private Residence 58 Other (Specify) 1 | Educational Q Military d Religious Cemetery 1 I Entertainment [~j Museum I I Scientific

* OWNER'S NAME: City of Fort Gaines STREET AND NUMBER:

CITY OR TOWN: Fort Gaines Georgia 13

COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: ______Clay County Courthouse o STREET AND NUMBER:

CITY OR TOWN: Fort Gaines Georgia 13

TITLE OFSURVEY: Archaeological Survey of Georgia xa. DATE OF SURVEY: 1974 Jr] Federal State Q County Q Local DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: Historic Preservation Section STREET AND NUMBER: 270 Washington St CITY OR TOWN: STATE: Atlanta. Georgia JL3- 2. C.B. Moore, 1907, p. 447 ( Check One) |~~| Excellent D Good D Fair r~] Deteriorated a Ruins iXJ Unexposed CONDITION (Check One) (Check One) (X] Altereci a Unaltered Q Moved (3 Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL. APPEARANCE

This is a mound with a gazebo on top of it, within the newer city cemetery in Fort Gaines/ Clay County. The mound is circular and seems to be relatively undisturbed. It is surrounded by graves. The cemetery is on a high bluff overlooking the Chattahoochee River. Shells and stone chips have been found in the area of the mound. The mound is about four feet high and about 40 feet in diameter.

George White, in 1854, in his Historical Collections of Georgia wrote of Fort Gaines;

"Fort Gaines is on a high bluff of the Chattahoochee, and it is a place of considerable business. It derived its name from a fort built against the Indians, in 1816 by order of General Gaines."

^ JUL 2 - '-"• NATIONAL v. REGISTER vO-J • 70 C o

o z PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate) CS Pre-Columbian j D '6th Century Q 18th Century Q 20th Century n 15th Century Q 17th Century Q 19th Century

SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known)

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate)

Abor iginal I | Education Q Political II Urban Planning K] Prehistoric I | Engineering D Religion/Phi­ n Other (Specify) (33 Historic | | Industry losophy t~| Agriculture I | Invention || Science

| | Architecture I| Landscape I | Sculpture

D Art Architecture I | Social/Human­ | | Commerce [~1 Literature itarian | | Communications | | Military [~] Theater

| | Conservation D Music 1~1 Transportation

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

This site has not been excavated as an archaeological site, therefore, little is known about it. It certainly holds the potential for adding to the CO cultural history of the lower Chattahoochee ftiver area and possibly an even Z broader region. O

H U

C£ h-

LU LU Archaeological Survey of Georgia, 1974, Historic Preservation Section • White, George, Historical Collection of Georgia, 1854

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND LONGIT'JDE COOR.DJN A T_ES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PRO D ERTY t 1 DEFINING THc. CtrviTER POINT OF A PROPERTY ———— ———————————— ———————————— F. OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE \

SW ° ' • ° APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: £ &CreS ^' \ \\^\ / /"T^X.

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STATE: CODE COUNTYj___ 1 \~-\ CODE —— W—— M/\T\ON^— fe? ———— STATE: CODE couNTY:\^"\\^ 'REGISTER^/Nrv L.7%-rrrR /T*/ CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: \/ )~~1^ _^^^$k/ CODE

C NAME AND TITLE: Marilyn Pennington n ORGANIZATION DATE Historic Preservation Section, Dept. Natural Resources 3/25/74 STREET AND NUMBER: o 270 Washington St. z CITY OR TOWN: STATE CODE Atlanta Georgia 13 |jig^^

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na­ I hereby certify that this property is included in the tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion National Register. in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the c-iteria and procedures set // Jff~~fJ I jCLJh i S) a~~^f~~~r forth by the National Park Service. The recommended Director, Office ol Archeology and Historic Preservation level of significance of this nomination is: National Q State ^ Local Q

h / / / * s ////"! ^—"i / ./ S Name //'/J£LAA4 ^JL/jfy/siuti \6SA/l/i/f/ f / / / / / / ATTEST:

Keeper of Tne National Register _ J^ &, M 1 ——————————————————————————————————————————-I ———————————————————————————— f —————g- p- O 931-894 Form 10-300o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Georgia NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Clay INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER (Continuation Sheet) 1 R 137 (Number all entries)

ADDITION TO

Fort Gaines Cemetery Site (New Park Cemetery)

Apparently development in the surrounding area has disturbed or destroyed the village area and the mound remains as an isolated remnant. Several years ago, Frank Schnell, archeologist for the Columbus Museum of Arts and Crafts, tested a Confederate gun emplacement on a hill about 150 yards north of the cemetery. The two hills are about the same elevation. In the slot trenches dug in the Civil War site, he found early Mississippi pottery typical of that found from Moundville, Alabama, to Fort Walton, Florida. This pottery probably came from that general area. Locally, this type pottery was called Rood's Phase.

Just over a mile north, there are portions of five sites of the same time period. These sites are south of the Walter F. George Dam and several similar sites, north of the dam, are flooded now.

A highway and a bridge have been constructed between the hills with the gun emplacement and the cemetery.

The mound has not been excavated, so it is not possible to know how it was used. While its contour is rounded now, this may be the result of erosion or cultivation.

Marilyn Pennington Historic Preservation Section Department of Natural Resources 270 Washington Street, S.W., Room 703C Atlanta, Georgia 30334

November 20, 1974

NAME KSON O'NEAL LAMB TITL ate Historic Preservation Officer

DATE

GPO 921-724