FORESTRY COMMISSION TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE MANAGEMENT PLAN ( Forest District)

MARCH,2016

FOREWORD

The constitution of each forest reserve mandated the then Forestry Department to develop working plans to be able to effectively and efficiently manage, protect and develop forest and wildlife resources in each of these reserves to benefit all segments of society. Nevertheless, a century of evolution of Forest Policy formulation, institutional transformation and management, including development and protection has given birth to a trendy and sophisticated societal demand on the forests of .

These developments require the reinvigoration and revision of the existing working plans which were written, taking into consideration the socio-economic and cultural issues prevailing at that time.

The policy and the legal framework which prevailed at the time of the constitution of these reserves emphasized on the contribution of forestry to environmental management inter alia the protection of water bodies and their sources, providing the necessary environment for our agricultural practices, prevention of erosion in mountainous areas and preservation of bio-diversity.

This framework engendered the then Forestry Department to a non-participatory approach to resource management culminating in policing and less regard to the stakeholders.

Over a period, forest and wildlife resources management regimes have undergone substantial changes in conformity with modern developmental trends, more especially international conventions and ramifications.

Consequently, the FC has thought it wise to revise these working plans to reflect these ramifications, technologies, geo-spatial information systems and rules and regulations. Furthermore, the new plans are intended to achieve the aims of multipurpose and sustainable use of forest and wildlife resources, promotion of

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ecotourism, Voluntary Partnerships Agreements with the European Union, climate change, carbon trade and participatory management, using participatory and collaborative interventions with the use of technology to reduce transaction cost and for effective management. Again, forest policies, master plans and legislation have also undergone great reviews, giving new directions to affect forest and wildlife management and utilization, hence the need for updated management plans.

Furthermore ACT 571 re-established The Forestry Commission of Ghana which brought together hitherto different organizations mandated to protect, manage and regulate the nation's forests and wildlife resources and to provide for related matters.

Therefore, suffice me to inform all stakeholders that these ramifications have obliged FC to develop and implement this management plan for sustainable and effective management and utilization of our forest and wildlife resources with more emphasis on plantation development, improvement in carbon stock under the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+), the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the Bio-Diversity Conservation Programmes.

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Chief Executive of Forestry Commission- Mr. Samuel Afari Dartey iii

PREFACE

Forest Management issues are of great concern globally due to high demand of forest resources and ever increasing population. As a result of this, the Forest Services Division (FSD) of the Forestry Commission is facing challenges in managing the nation’s forest resources. This underscores the need to revise the old management plan in order to address these challenges to fit in the modern trends of event.

This document supersedes the previous management plan for Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve. It is hoped that with the co-operation of all stakeholders – Forest Services Division of the Forestry Commission, TUC Holders, Chiefs, the various District Assemblies where the Reserve is located and the Forest Fringe Communities, this management plan will be well executed to achieve the expected objectives.

The management plan was written by the District Forest Manager of Mankranso, Mr. Rexford Twum-Damoah, assisted by Messrs Yaw Opare Addo and Kwabena Adu- Bonnah, Assistant District Managers and Mr. Ofori Manu, Cartographer.

The following Managers from the Regional Office were instrumental in preparation of the plan: Mr. Alex Oduro-Barnie, Regional Manager and Messrs Isaac Noble Eshun and Isaac Adonteng, Assistant Regional Managers. Mr. Alex Boamah Asare, Mr. Mohammed Yakubu and Mr. Affum Baffoe, all of the RMSC-FC contributed to the preparation of this plan.

A technical Group made up of Mr. Raphael Yeboah, Executive Director of FSD, Mr. Alex Boadu, Director of Operations, Mr. H.C.A. Brown, Director of Plantations, Mr. Edward Obiaw, Director of RMSC, Dr. Kwakye Ameyaw and Mrs. Edith Abruquah, Operation Managers of FSD, Dr Richard Gyimah, Verification Manager at TVD-FC, Mr. Ofoe Portuphy of the ICT Department, Mrs. Diana Fiati, Mr. Kofi Adu Gyamfi and Yaw Bio of Operations Unit of FSD provided technical support for the preparation of the Plan.

We are very grateful to the world Bank under theNREG-TA and candidly thank them for providing support for the plans preparation.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD………………………………………………………………...... i PREFACE……………………………………………………………………...... iv ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS…………………………………...…….…xi

PART I:BACKGROUND INFORMATION………………………………....…...1 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION…………………………………….……..……1 1.2 DESCRIPTION OF FOREST MANAGEMENT AREA………….…..…...... 2 1.2.1 Location and Extent………………………………………….…..…2 1.2.2 Physical Environment……………………………………….…..….3 1.2.3 Ownership………………………………………………...……..….5

1.2.4 Communities and Socio-cultural Setting………………….....……..6

1.2.5 Socio-economic Activities…………………………….……....…...6

1.2.5.1 Demography…………………...…………………..….…….6 1.2.5.2 Proposed Income Levels and Expenditure…………...... …...7 1.2.5.3 Land Use and Ownership………………………………..….8 1.2.6 Stakeholders Analysis, Roles and Responsibility……………...…...8 1.2.6.1 Stakeholders, Roles and Responsibility………………..….10 1.3. PREVIOUS MANAGEMENT OF THE AREA ………………..…...... 10

1.3.1 General objectives of Past Working Plan……………………...….11 1.3.2 Management categories……………………………………..….…11 1.3.2.1 Production (Selection) Working Circle (SWC)……..…….11 1.3.2.2 Protection Working Circle (PWC)………………..…….…11 1.4. CURRENT STATUS OF FOREST RESERVE………..………...……..12

1.4.1 Flora Description…………………………………………….…….12 1.4.1.1Floristic Composition and Biodiversity……………..…...…12 1.4.1.2 Forest Condition……………………………………...……13 1.4.1.3 Species Composition………………………………...…….14

v 1.4.1.4 Species Guild…………………………………………..….16 1.4.2 Fauna Description…………………………………...…….…16 1.4.3 Carbon stocks…………………………………...…………...17

PART II: EVALUATION OF OPTIONS…………………….……………...... 19

2.1 PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES OF FOREST MANAGEMENT…19 2.1.1 Forest Management Principles……………………………...... …19 2.1.2 Current Forest Management Objectives………………………...... 20 2.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Objectives……………………………...……..20 2.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS……...... 23 2.2.1 PRODUCTION OBJECTIVE:………………………………..…...24 PROTECTION OBJECTIVE:………………………………….….....…24 REFORESTATION OBJECTIVE:……………………………….….….24 GOVERNANCE AND BENEFIT SHARING OBJECTIVES:…...... ….24 2.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:…………………………………………..…25 2.4. SUPPORTING AUXILLIARY OBJECTIVES………………………...25

PART III: MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTION…………………………...…….28

Forest Management Zones…………………………..……………………………....27 3.1 PRODUCTION…………………………………….……….……..………29 3.1.1 Timber Production…………………………………………….…...29 3.1.2 Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)…………………………….29 3.1.3 Natural Regeneration Operations and Enrichment Planting………30 3.1.3.1 Undertake Natural Regeneration of Economically Desirable Timber Species……………………………………………...….….30 3.1.3.2 Undertake Enrichment Planting……………………………30 3.1.3.3 Undertake Coppice Management………………………….31 3.2 PROTECTION………………………………………...………….....…….31 3.2.1 Boundary Protection…………………………………...…………..31 3.2.2 Forest Biodiversity Conservation (Flora and Fauna)…….....….….31 3.2.3 Hill Sanctuary……………………………………………...………32

vi 3.2.4 Swamp Area……………………………………………..…….…..32 3.2.5 Watershed Management……………………………………….…..32 3.2.6 Wildfire Management…………………………………………..…33 3.2.7 Management of Invasive Species………………………………....33 3.3 REFORESTATION………………………………….…………….…..….33 3.3.1 Reforestation of Degraded Area…………………………...... ……33 3.3.2Maintenance of Established Plantations………………………...….34 3.4 GOVERNANCE AND BENEFIT SHARING…………………………...35 3.4.1 Admitted Farms…………………………………..……….……….35 3.4.2 Communal / Domestic Rights………………………….…….....…35 3.4.3 Alternative Livelihood Interventions……………….…….…….…36 3.4.4 Law Enforcement……………………..………………….………..36 3.4.5 Benefit Sharing………………….…………………….…………..36 3.5 RESEARCH PRESCRIPTIONS………………………………………....37 3.6 INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT……………………...... …...37 3.6.1 Road and Track Network:………………………………..….…….37 3.6.2 Building:…………………………………………………………...38 3.6.3 Logistics…………………………………………………..…….…38 3.6.4 Telecommunication Mast………………………………...…….....38 3.6.5 Office Equipments:………………………………………………..38 3.7 HEALTH AND SAFETY FOR FIELD OPERATIONS……….………..…38

PART IV: PLANT IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION

4.1 MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION…………………….….…...40 4.1.1 Implementation Arrangements……………………………………….…….…40 4.2 COSTS AND REVENUE FLOW DISTRIBUTION……………….…….…43 4.2.1 Cost Estimates…………………………………………………….…….…….43 4.2.2 Sources of Revenue…………………………………………………….….….47 4.2.3 Revenue Prediction…………………………………………………….……...47 4.2.4 Revenue Disbursement Arrangement…………………………………….…...48 4.2.5 Funding Sources………………………………………………………………48

vii 4.3 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REVIEW……………….…...………..49 4.3.1 Monitoring strategies…………………………………………..…...…………49 4.3.1.1 Criteria for review………………………………………………...…………52 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………...………..53

APPENDICES APPENDIX 1a: Schedule Description of boundaries…………………………...…55 APPENDIX 1b: Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve Boundary Maintenance Schedule……57 APPENDIX 2a:…………………………………………………………………….58 APPENDIX 2b:…………………………………………………………………….59 APPENDIX 3a:Status Of Compartments In Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve………...... 60 APPENDIX 3b:Concession Owners//Special Permits……………………………..61 APPENDIX 3c: Existing Havesting Schedule For Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve…………………………………….…………………………………...... 63 APPENDIX 5: Current Management Status Of Admitted Rights Within Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve………………………………………………..……………………...65 APPENDIX 6: Native Authority Ordinance Establishing Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve……………………………………………………....……………………...69 APPENDIX 7:SPECIES LIST TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE…………..72 APPENDIX 8:Stem Numbers Per Km2 Grouped According To Cm Diameter Classes. Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve. Survey Conducted In May 2015……………………...80 APPENDIX 9:Basal Area In M2 Per Km2 Grouped According To Cm Diameter Classes. Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve. Survey Conducted In May 2015…………….85 APPENDIX 10: Volume In M3per Km2 Grouped According To Cm Diameter Classes. Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve. Survey Conducted In May 2015 …………….89 APPENDIX 11: Tons Of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Per Ha Of All Species >= 10 Cm Dbh. ………………………………………………………………………...... 93 APPENDIX 12:Birds (Fauna Survey, May 2015.)……………………….……..…96 APPENDIX 12 B:Mammals (Fauna Survey, May 2015.)…………...………...…100 TINTE BEPO MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016 - 2026 BUDGET…………...….101

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INDEX OF TABLES

Table 1- Key facts of Forest Reserve………………………………………………..3 Table 2: Summary of Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) for Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve…………………………………………………………………………...….4 Table 3: 2010 Population and Housing Census for some of the Forest Fringe Communities………………………………………………………………………….7

Table 4 Estimated Annual Income for Some Fringe Communities………………….8 Table 5: Stakeholders Interest Analysis………………………………………….… 9 Table 6: Stakeholders, Roles and Responsibility…………………………………...10 Table 7:Comparative Analysis Current State to Previous Research………...….…..13 Table 8: Common species Recorded in Different Diameter Classes……………….15 Table 9: Species Guild and corresponding Relative Abundance………………...…16 Table 10:SWOT Analysis of the Production Objective of Management……...…...21 Table 11: SWOT Analysis of the Protection Objective of Management...... 22 Table 12: SWOT analysis of the Reforestation objective of management………....22 Table 13: Current Management Zones in Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve………….…..23 Table 14: Implementation Arrangement for Production Zone (2016-2026)……….40 Table 15: Implementation Arrangement for Protection Zone (2016-2026)………...41 Table 16: Implementation Arrangement for Reforestation Zone (2016-2026)…….42 Table 17: Cost Estimates…………………………………………………………...43 Table 18: Summary of revenue prediction for the first 5 years (2016-2021) of the planned period…………………………………....…………………...……….. 47 Table 19: Summary of Predicted Revenue Disbursement Arrangement for the first 5 Years (2016-2021) of the Planned Period……………………………...... …48 Table 20:Monitoring and Evaluation Framework……………………….………....50

ix LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Graph of Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) 2004 – 2014 for Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve…………………………………………………………………..……...…....4 Figure 2: Tree diameter class distribution in Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve (RMSC 2015)…………………………………………………………………….…...……...15 Figure 3: Zonation Map Of Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve. …………………...……...28 Figure 4: Progress Map For Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve……………………...…….28

x ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS

ADM Assistant District Manager CFC Community Forest Committees DA District Assembly FC Forestry Commission FG Forest Guard FMU Forest Management Unit FORIG Forest Research Institute of Ghana FFC Forest Fringe Communities FRBP Forest Reserve Boundary Pillar FSD Forest Services Division FV Fire Volunteers GNFS Ghana National Fire Service ILO International KNUST Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology LAS Legality Assurance System L/F Labour MLFR Ministry of Land Forestry and Natural Resources MoP Manual of Procedures MOU Memorandum of Understanding MSNW Moist Semi-Deciduous North West MTS Modified Taungya System NFPDP National Forest plantation Development Programme NGO Non Governmental Organization NPLD Non Pioneer Light Demanders NTFPs Non timber Forest Products OASL Office of the Administration of Stool Lands PES Payment of Environmental Services PSP Permanent Sample Plot PWC Production Working Circle SWC Selective Working Circle

xi REDD+ Reduced Emission on Deforestation and Degradation RI Religious Institutions RM Regional Manager RMSC Resource Management Support Centre RS Range Supervisor SA Security Agencies SRA Social Responsibility Agreement TA Traditional Authority TUC/P Timber Utilization Contract/Permit TVD Timber validation Department UENR University of Energy and Natural Resources VPA Voluntary Partnership Agreement WD Wildlife Division WTS Wood Tracking System

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Executive Director ,FSD- Mr. Raphael Yeboah

Director Operations, FSD (HFZ)- Mr. Alex A. Boadu

xiii TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE MANAGEMENT PLAN

PART I: BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1.1 General Introduction

The need to revise and/or prepare standard management plans to guarantee the conservation and sustainable development of the nation’s forest and wildlife resources for maintenance of environmental quality and perpetual flow of benefits to all segments of society is consistent with the forest and wildlife policy of 2013.

Forest Reserve management plan is a key strategic planning tool required by the Forestry Commission in order to provide the overall management direction for an individual Reserve. The management plan, which is the output of forest management planning, is the mechanism into which the whole range of requirements and plans for sustainable forest management are brought together and turned into a cohesive whole. The management plan is, primarily, a document for the forest manager, which is used as the basis for all the activities undertaken in the forest. Considerable efforts have been made for this plan to meet all legal requirements for management planning documentation. This forest management plan applies to the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve which falls under Forest Management Unit (FMU) 36. The last management plan was prepared for the period January 1993 – December 2012.

The main purpose of this revised plan is to present the current state of knowledge about the extent and quality of forest resources, their utilization, and the zoning of the forest into recognized management categories based on defined principles. The Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve Management Plan is produced to guard the conduct of present and future managers in order to prevent ad hoc decisions on the management of the reserve. The planning period will include 5 year short term in which Annual Programme of Work (APW) will be prepared. The plan is set within a time framework of ten (10) years and subject to renew at least every five (5) years. During

1 the planning level, the National, Regional and District resource development and environmental plan will be made to fit into the plan and the planning level will concentrate on only Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve.

Information obtained from other stake holders in the consultation process will help define the kind of prescriptions that will be needed to improve upon the sustainable management of the Forest Reserve.

1.2 Description of Forest Management Area

1.2.1 LOCATION AND EXTENT The Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve constitutes Forest Management Unit (FMU) 36. It derives its name from the highest hill within the reserved area. It is currently situated in the Mankranso Forest District, which was carved out of the Nkawie Forest District on November 2014, in the . It lies between latitudes 60 33’ and 70 03’ North and longitude 10 55’ and 20 06’ West. The FMU 36 is located on Ghana Survey Department Topographical Field Sheets ( S.E. sheet 162 (North B.30) (D.IvS.K), Kukuom N.E. sheet 124 (North B.20) (J.II NE) and N.W. sheet 127 (North B.20) (K.I.N.W). The reserve lies 4km south-west of Mankranso, the Assembly headquarters in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It falls within the political jurisdiction of the Ahafo Ano South and Ahafo Ano North District Assemblies.

The Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve falls within the Moist Semi-Deciduous North West (MSNW) ecological zone. It has a gross area of 115.54km2 (11,554.00ha) of which admitted farms constitute 0.836km2. The total external and internal perimeters are 64.62km and 10.56km, respectively.

2 TABLE 1- KEY FACTS OF FOREST RESERVE Forest Code Area (Km2) Perimeter Number of Perimeter(Km) FMU Reserve (Km) Admitted [Internal] of [External] Farms Farms (Area) Tinte 115.54 22 TIBE 64.62 10.56 36 Bepo (11,554.0ha) (83.60ha) Source: Management Plan (1993 – 2012).

The external boundaries are made up of cut lines of 2 meters wide and marked with concrete pillars at 800 meters intervals except where we have major changes in the direction of the boundaries.

1.2.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT a) Topography

The Forest Reserve is particularly hilly at the central portion with an average height of 365.76m above sea level. It is located within the Tano and Offin watershed. There are four (4) isolated hills with steep sides in the mid-east of the Reserve. The Reserve has the highest peak in the middle block with an altitude of about 535.50m above sea level in the South-Western corner of the Reserve. The land is moderately undulating in the northern section of the reserve. Numerous streams flow through the reserve including Abu, Aboabo, Nsakasu, Abotasu, Aworo, Anyinasu, Dwinyai and Denyami. Most of them do dry up during the dry season, except Abu which Abu floods up extensively during the rainy seasons. b) Climate

The reserve is characterized by two (2) rainfall seasons, occurring in May June and September – November. Mean Annual rainfall recorded in the area is 1,349.9mm. Dry seasons is between December and March with February as the driest month. Rainfall figures for the period 2004 to 2011 recorded at Nkawie Meteorological Station are indicated in Table 2.

3 TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL (MM) FOR TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE. Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Mean Annual 1,201.8 1,118.3 1,166.3 1,442.3 1,441.5 1,588.2 1,473.0 1,427.2 1,456.6 1,271.8 1,262.1 Rainfall

Source: Nkawie Meteorological Station, 2015.

Rainfall Trend in Tinte Bepo

1,800.00 1,600.00 1,400.00 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 600.00 400.00 200.00

0.00 Mean AnnualRainfamm/mm Mean 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Year

Figure 1 Graph of Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) 2004 – 2014 for Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve.

The mean annual maximum temperature is 32.50C and the mean minimum annual temperature is 210C. The relative humidity is high throughout the year and is usually above 80%. February and August are usually the hottest and coldest month, respectively. Rainy season winds are south westerly and moisture-laden. In the dry season the Hamarttan winds which are north-easterly predominates. c) Geology and soils Forest ochrosol is the main soil type of the region and it extends over the three geological formations namely; the Granite complex, the Lower and Upper Birim Metamorphic rocks (1955 Working Plan).

4 1.2.3 Ownership The Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve was gazetted in 1928. The reserve was constituted and demarcated as a forest reserve under the Kumasi Native Authority (Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve) Rules, 1949 of 15th December, 1949. The rules revoked the previous set of rules in respect of the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve, Tinte Bepo East Extension Forest Reserve and Tinte Bepo West Extension Forest Reserve.

The Reserve is protected under Forest Ordinance Cap 157, The Administration of Land Act 1962, the Forest Protection Decree, 1974 and Forest Protection Law, 1986, (PNDCL 142). The Ownership of the reserve is vested in the Golden Stool, and it is within its jurisdiction. However, the stools of Hia, Kronti, and Akyimpim are acting as caretakers on behalf of the Asantehene. All tributes and revenues accruing from the reserve are paid to the caretaker stools.

Communal, individual/domestic and timber rights are vested in the state. However, rights for farming in demarcated admitted farms within the forest reserve are permitted. Permits for timber and other minor produce for commercial purposes are issued by the Chief Executive of the Forestry Commission or his authorized representative. However, the fringe communities have domestic user rights over Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) such as snails, mushroom, chew sticks, medicinal plants, fruits, and gathering of firewood, pestles, rafters, small posts and poles for building within communal households. Hunting of game is regulated by the Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission through the issuance of permits.

Timber Rights are allocated by Forestry Commission to contractors as laid down in the Timber Resources Management Act (ACT 547 of 1997 and accompanying legislation and/or amendments). Cultural rights in the form of taboo days are vested in the fringe communities. Rules were earlier made by the Asantehene and his Councilors with the approval of the then Governor under Section 15(1) of the Native Authority Ordinance, 1935. These Rules include; application, prohibition against the extension of farms, precaution against fire, damage to trees, arrest of offenders, penalty, reservation of hunting rights, saving in respect of Concession rights and

5 Demarcation Schedule of the Reserve. All forest offences are tried in the nearest Magistrate or Circuit Court. Rules 11 of 1937 Section III (9) - SAVINGS AS TO CERTAIN RIGHTS, stated that; nothing in these rules shall in anyway affect the right of any person (who prior to their coming into force has lawfully enjoyed such right) to shoot, hunt, fish or collect snails, within the boundaries of the Reserve. The administration of the forest reserve is by the Mankranso Forest District.

1.2.4 Communities and Socio-cultural Setting The settlements within 5km radius surrounding the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve are Biokrom, Abesewa, Nyamebekyere, Fawoman, Pokukrom, , Amangoase, Sunkwa, Sikaasem, Hiapae, Mmoroben, Wioso, Hwibaa, Dormaa, Betinko, , Kwamekyemkrom, Bonkrom, Wawase, Asuadei, Abruaso, Mmehame and Gambia. The current ethnic composition for indigenes and migrants in the fringe communities is 60% and 40% (2015 Socio-economic survey) as compared to 80% and 20% during the preparation of the (Previous Mgt Plan, 1993), for the fringe communities within 5km radius around Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve.

1.2.5 Socio-economic Activities The main economic activities are farming and agricultural-related businesses such as cocoa farming, petty trading (farm produce & small shops), hired labour (predominantly farm work), government workers (public service) and chainsaw operators. The following fringe communities which were selected for the socio- economic survey using Participatory Rural Approach (PRA) are Asuadei, Wioso, Nsuta, Abesewa (Ahafo Ano South) Betinko (Ahafo Ano North) Kwamensiahkrom (Tano South).

1.2.5.1 Demography

The population of communities surrounding the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve is estimated at 25,000 based on socio-economic survey carried out in the area by FSD and RMSC. Wioso has the largest population of about 3,581. The population of

6 migrant farmers around the Forest Reserve is higher as compared to the indigenes due to the search of fertile land and agricultural opportunities.

Table 3: 2010 Population and Housing Census for some of the Forest Fringe Communities.

Community Male Female Total Wioso 1,751 1,830 3,581 Ahwerewam 1,657 1,644 3,301 Pokukrom 1,509 1,687 3,196 Abesewa 1,427 1,507 2,934 Nyamebekyere 1,278 1,156 2,434 Hwibaa 1,106 1,179 2,285 Nsuta 1,035 1,017 2,052 Asuadei 914 910 1,824 Fawoman 708 692 1,400 *Betinko *Kwamensiahkrom *Biokrom *Amangoase *Sunkwa *Sikakrom *Hiapae *Dormaa *Mmoroben * Kwamekyemkrom * Bonkrom *Wawase * Abruaso * Mmehame * Gambia

*Communities not found in the database.

Source: Ghana Statistical Service: 2010 Population and Housing Census

1.2.5.2 PROPOSED INCOME LEVELS AND EXPENDITURE

From the PRA sessions, the estimated annual incomes reported vary from community to community and from person to person.

7 TABLE 4 ESTIMATED ANNUAL INCOME FOR SOME FRINGE COMMUNITIES Community Estimated Annual Incomes, GH¢

Asuadei 1,000.00 – 25,000.00

Wioso 500.00 – 3,000.00

Betinko 5,000.00 – 10,000.00

Nsuta 2,000.00 – 3,500.00

Abesewa 4,000.00 – 50,000.00

Kwamensiahkrom 3,000.00 – 50,000.00

1.2.5.3 LAND USE AND OWNERSHIP Fifty percent (50%) of community members have personal or land lease ownership. Others are Share cropping such as abunu (25%) and Hiring (25%). 1.2.6 STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY The Landowners, Traditional Authorities, District Assemblies, Government of Ghana (FC) and Timber Utilization Contract/Permit (TUC/TUP) holders are usually recognized as the main stakeholders of the Reserve. In its broadest sense, any individual or group of persons or institution that has an interest in or a right of a sort, over the reserve can be recognized as a stakeholder. However, the different stakeholders may exhibit different types of interest and importance which could change over time.

8 Table 5: Stakeholders Interest Analysis No. Category Stakeholder Type of interest Perceived importance

1 Landowners Hia, Bechem and Revenue, enforcement High Tepa Traditional of traditional bye laws Councils, Land owning stool(s) 2 Resource users Farmers Land for farming High

Hunters Hunt for game and Medium meat for dietary requirements 3 Private sector Timber contractors Harvesting of timber High resources Chainsaw operators Wood products High

Wood artisans Wood products High 4 Resource Forestry Sustainable High managers and Commission management of the regulators resource, and enforcement of Forest Laws 5 Traditional Chief and elders Share of revenue High authority 6 Forest fringe Community Right to obtain NTFPs Medium communities settlements within for domestic use 5km radius of the reserve 7 Academic and KNUST, FORIG, Research/ Teaching / Low Research Individuals etc. Practical work Institutions 8 Government District Inter-Fire Public education on High Agencies Organization prevention and control (DIFO)- MOFA, of wildfires GNFS, NADMO, NCCE, etc. 9 Civil society Fire Volunteer Prevention of wildfire High groups Groups entry into the reserve, Check the use of fire around the reserve during the dry season.

9 1.2.6.1 Stakeholders, Roles and Responsibility

In order to protect the forest from degradation the identified stakeholders were assigned roles and responsibilities in Table 6 below. Table 6: Stakeholders, Roles and Responsibility. Roles and FC TA L/F DA FV FFC SA T RI TUC CFC Responsibility Protect and guard * * * the forest. Reforestation * * Initiatives Reforestation * Activities Boundary * Cleaning Wildfire Fighting * * and Education. Forest Education * * * and Sensitization Enact By-Laws * * Monitoring * * * Implementation of SRA Forest Law * * Enforcement NB: FC-Forestry Commission, TA-Traditional Authority, L/F- Labour/Farmers, DA- District Assembly, FV-Fire Volunteers, FFC-Forest Fringe Communities, SA-Security Agencies, T-Teachers, Religious Institutions, TUC- Timber Utilization Holders, CFC – Community Forest Committees.

1.3 Previous Management of the Area

The first Working Plan for the Forest Reserve was prepared for 5 years from 1st July1957 to 30th June 1962. Revision of the plan was supposed to take place between January and June 1962 but there are no records to indicate it was done. There was no review of the management plan until 1993. The January 1993 – December 2012 working plan was the latest reviewed document on the reserve. Permanent sample

10 plots are located in compartments 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve.

1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF PAST WORKING PLAN

 To manage the forest for optimum and continuous production of wood for timber and non-timber products.  To increase the quantity and quality of commercial and potential commercial trees and if possible to accelerate their growth through silvicultural treatment and management practices.  To maintain the protective role of the forest.  To satisfy the demands of the local people for forest produce to a reasonable extent.

1.3.2 MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES

According to the January 1993 – December 2012 working plan of the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve, the entire FMU of gross area 11,554.0ha was divided into two (2) working circles: Production (Selection) and Protection working circles.

1.3.2.1 PRODUCTION (SELECTION) WORKING CIRCLE (SWC) The Production Working Circle covers the entire reserve excluding the area with slopes greater than 30% which were designated as protected areas. The felling cycle was for 40years with effect from 1993. The area was given as concession for Ehwia Wood Products Limited. The company collapsed and most of the staffs were not paid. The aggrieved staff practiced illegal logging in the reserve which caused the degradation of the Forest Reserve.

1.3.2.2 PROTECTION WORKING CIRCLE (PWC) This Protection Working circle comprised all lands in the forest reserve other than the Production Working Circle. It covered the hilly parts of the reserve. Activities undertaken in the PWC included cleaning and maintenance of external and internal boundaries and pillaring at approximately 800m interval and at major changes of

11 direction on external boundaries. The reserve experienced annual wildfires, illegal logging, chainsawing and farming and this have rendered the zones vulnerable to the invasion of Broussonetia papyrifera (York) and Chromolaena odorata (Acheampong weed).

1.4 Current Status of Forest Reserve

1.4.1 FLORA DESCRIPTION C. J. Taylor (1961) classified the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve as belonging to the Celtis-Triplochiton association, whilst Hall and Swaine (1981) put the reserve within Moist Semi-Deciduous (North-West type) (MSNW) and contains several species. The two classifications further described the structure of the reserve as consisting of three (3) distinct storeys. These include upper, middle and lower canopies with tall emergent trees exceeding 50m. The stands in general appear to be open in the middle and upper level, and very much so in the emergent canopies. Furthermore, beneath the trees in lower canopy there are small palms, shrubs, treelets and large ferns. On the forest floor is made up of herbaceous plants and tree seedlings. The condition of the forest crop can generally be described as normal but in areas subjected to periodic inundation as well as permanently swampy, growth conditions are poor.

1.4.1.1 FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND BIODIVERSITY A total of 132 species were recorded in the floral survey conducted by RMSC in May 2015. Total number of species for the MSNW ecological zone is however 337 (FIP, 1989).

The diameter class distribution typifies a normal, uneven aged forest that has most individuals in the lower diameter class and few individuals in the upper class which signifies the ability for the forest reserve to recover naturally with little intervention. The abundance of light demanding species (Pioneer and NPLD) relative to shade bearing species is an indication that the Reserve can recover in the gaps created as a result of wildfires and illegal logging.

12 Economic Index has reduced from 89, as indicated by Hawthorne and Abu-Juam (1995), to 44.7 in the RMSC Survey (2015), there are considerable numbers of reddish star (scarlet, red and pink) species which indicates the reserve has potential economic importance, though there are not much merchantable size trees. The reduction in economic trees may probably be due to unsustainable timber harvesting and wildfires.

1.4.1.2 FOREST CONDITION The classification of the tree species into guilds is an important indicator of the forest succession stage and past disturbance. Dominance of light demanding (Pioneer species-32%, NPLD-34%) species compared to Shade-bearing species- 22.5% is an indication of excessive disturbance to Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve. There has been a number of disturbance notably wildfires, illegal logging and illegal farms. This is depicted in the average condition score of 4.3 which suggests a degraded forest but could however recover with minimal intervention. Regeneration of economic trees of 97.8 stems per ha for the reserve compared with the 438.82 for Moist Semi- Deciduous North West zone (MSNW) is quite encouraging considering the stresses that the area has experienced over the years. Basal area of 4.7m2/ha compared to 21.73m2/ha for the MSNW shows the forest is very degraded. Standing volume of 51.6 is far lower than the ecological zone average of 399.26m3/ha which indicates that the reserve is currently not suitable area for timber production. Restocking of the reserve to provide socio-economic and environmental benefit should a priority issue.

TABLE 7: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CURRENT STATE TO PREVIOUS RESEARCH. Parameter RMSC Hawthorne and Remarks (2015) Abu – Juam (1991) Genetic Heat Index 68.2 46 Indicates an improvement in (GHI) the conservation value of the reserve.

13 Parameter RMSC Hawthorne and Remarks (2015) Abu – Juam (1991) Economic Index (EI) 44.7 89 Suggests a depletion of economic tree species in the reserve over the years. Basal Area (m2/ha) 4.7 21.73 Basal Area has drastically reduced. Regeneration 97.8 388 Very poor. (stems/ha) Forest Condition 4.3 3.0 Indicates degraded forest but Score could however recover with minimal intervention.

Carbon (tCO2e/ha 20.17 Above ground carbon is far below both closed and open estimates of 148 and 64

tCO2e per ha for MSNW ecozone. Stand volume (m3/ha) 51.04 All Trees ≥10cm dbh. Broussonetia papyrifera (York) alone has 15.25 m3/ha. NB. For the current estimates above refer to those tables annexed to this report.

1.4.1.3 SPECIES COMPOSITION Moraceae, Mimosaceae, Sterculiaceae, Meliaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, and Euphorbiaceae are among the common plant families observed within the reserve. Most common tree species encountered include the invasive Broussonetia papyrifera and indigenous species such as Celtis mildbraedii, Trichilia prieureana, Triplochiton scleroxylon, Ricinodendron heudolotii, Sterculia rhinopetala, Nesogordonia papaverifera etc. Stem numbers based on tree diameter size distribution showed a steep negative exponential curve typical for uneven-aged forest.

14 Figure2: Tree diameter class distribution in Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve (RMSC 2015)

Most of the trees fall within the 2-9.9cm to 30-49.9cm diameter classes with very few individuals occurring in the upper diameter classes of 50-69.9 to 110cm and above. Species common to the various diameter classes are listed in the Table 8 below.

TABLE 8: COMMON SPECIES RECORDED IN DIFFERENT DIAMETER CLASSES

10-29.9cm 30-49.9 to 90-109cm 110-130cm Amphimas

pterocarpoides Celtis mildbraedii Celtis mildbraedii Ceiba pentandra Trichilia monadelpha Ricinodendron heudelotii Celtis adolfi-friderici Ricinodendron heudelotii Ceiba pentandra Trilepisium

Sterculia rhinopetala madagascariense

Ficus sur Cola gigantea

Entandrophragma angolense Lannea welwitschii

Nesogordonia papyverifera Blighia sapida

15

Triplochiton scleroxylon Treculia africana

Celtis adolfi-friderici Sterculia tragacantha

Albizia zygia Morus mesozygia

1.4.1.4 SPECIES GUILD Four categories of species guild (Pioneers, Non Pioneer light demanders (NPLD), shade bearers and Swamp) were identified.

Table 9: Species Guild and corresponding Relative Abundance Species Guild Relative Abundance (%) Pioneers 32.6 Non Pioneer Light Demanders (NPLD) 34.9 Shade bearers 22.5 Swamp 1.6 Unknown 8.4

1.4.2 FAUNA DESCRIPTION Overall, a total of 444 actual sightings and vocalization of birds indicating the presence of 163 different bird species were recorded during the reconnaissance walk survey of the three sites (i.e. open with Broussonetia spp., degraded and highly degraded forest). A total number of 42 individual mammals were recorded in the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve belonging to 23 different mammal species. The most abundant species in the three survey areas was the Bushbuck (Family Artiodactyla). See Appendix 12a and 12b for details.

Hunting pressure is also high throughout the reserve. Evidence of hunting, including spent cartridges, snares and hunting trails were found in all vegetation types. There is the need to control hunting as it poses a significant threat to the large mammals and larger birds within the entire reserves so as to create semblance of refugee and recovery areas for certain species to facilitate repopulation.

16 The Forestry Commission staff and the indigenes in the forest fringe communities must be educated on the importance of faunal conservation and associated laws of the country (close season regulations) so that they can effectively assist in law enforcement.

1.4.3 CARBON STOCKS Even though Tinte Bepo is located within the high forest zone, the results indicate that it has an above ground tCO2e of 20.17 per ha. This figure is far below both the closed and open forest estimates of Moist Semi-deciduous North West ecological zone (148 and 64 tCO2e per ha respectively). Species that contributed significantly to carbon stocks in Tinte Bepo include Brossonetia papyrifera, Celtis mildbradii, Ricinodendron heudelotii, Ficus sur, Trichilia prieuriana, Trichilia orientalis, Lannea welwitshii, Nesogordonia papaverifera, Entandrophragma angolense and Funtumia elastica (Table 7).

Table 7 Summary of first 10 species with the highest amount of carbon stocks in in Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve

Local Carbon Genus Species Name (tons/Ha) tCO2e/Ha Papyrifera Brossonetia York 3.77 13.84 Mildbraedii Celtis Esa 1.80 6.59 Heudelotii Ricinodendron Wama 0.63 2.33 Sur Ficus Nwadua 0.50 1.83 Prieuriana Trichilia Kakadikro 0.48 1.76 Orientalis Trichilia Sesea 0.45 1.65 Welwitshii Lannea Kumanini 0.40 1.46 Papaverifera Nesogordonia Danta 0.38 1.38 Angolense Entandrophragma Edinam 0.33 1.22 Elastica Funtumia Frumtum 0.28 1.03 It could be seen that from Appendix 11 that only few species contributed to carbon stocks in Tinte and that apart from Brossenetia papyrifera none of them contributed

17 more than 10 tCO2e per ha. Appendix 11 is the list of tree species encountered at Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve.

Community members participating in socio-economic survey

A resource person presenting the results of the socio-economic survey to the community

18 PART II: EVALUATION OF OPTIONS

2.1 Principles and Objectives of Forest Management

2.1.1 FOREST MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES Current state of knowledge about the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve suggests that the forest resources of the reserve have decrease in quantity and quality. The situation if not reversed will adversely affect forest governance and sustainable development. The preparation of this plan therefore took cognizance of the fundamental importance of the principles of sustainability as an essential ingredient for setting objectives and subsequent implementation of prescriptions. Forest management principles describe how forests have to be managed to meet social, economic, ecological and cultural, and to some extent the spiritual needs of present and future generations. In managing the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve basic principles of forest management which comprise the following elements will be applied: i. Forest policy and legal framework. ii. Law enforcement. iii. Security of tenure of forest resources and land. iv. Effective forest protection. v. Knowledge on sustainability of tropical forest ecosystems including biodiversity conservation. vi. Maintenance of site productivity. vii. Forest management planning; realistic operational plans with budgeted activities. viii. Goals and objectives for forest management clearly defined. ix. Assessment of forest resources relying on expanded baseline data (example carbon stocks estimation, biodiversity information covering fauna and flora). x. Application of appropriate silvicultural systems. xi. Consideration of REDD+ and broader climate change issues. xii. Environmental and social safeguards.

19 xiii. Regard for the interests of forest fringe communities. xiv. Explore opportunities for payment for environmental services (PES). xv. Monitoring of managerial performance.

2.1.2 CURRENT FOREST MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES The goal of this plan is to ensure sustainable timber production, increase the timber resource base through enrichment planting, plantation development and biodiversity conservation for the realization of environmental services. This is in pursuit of the FC’s vision “to leave future generations and their communities with richer, better and more valuable forestry and wildlife endowments than we inherited”.

Based on the above goal, the Forest Reserve is currently divided into three main management zones, namely Production, Protection (Hill Sanctuary, Convalescence and Swamp) and Conversion. The main objectives are enumerated as follows:

i. To improve the protective functions of the forest ecosystems and ensure biodiversity conservation. ii. To ensure restoration of degraded forest areas through enrichment planting and reforestation. iii. To improve forest governance through effective collaboration with stakeholders. iv. To protect, maintain and enhance research plots within the reserve for education purposes.

These objectives are similar to those stated in the previous working plans but the decline in the quantity and quality of resources in the Forest Reserve has necessitated the need for more emphasis on restoration of degraded forest areas through enrichment planting and reforestation.

2.1.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF OBJECTIVES Tables 10, 11 and 12 summarize a the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats identified to influence the achievement of the overall objective of the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve management plan.

20 TABLE 10: SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION OBJECTIVE OF MANAGEMENT. PRODUCTION: To manage the reserve on the basis of utmost sustained yield, to increase the proportion of economic timber species and lesser used species for the benefit of stakeholders. STRENGTH WEAKNESS  Potential of timber resources.  Inability to quantify  Collaborative forest management through the NTFPs in the community participation. reserve.  Well trained technical staff.  Delay in acquisition of permits by contractors.  Delay in payment of revenue to stakeholders.  Non-adherence to harvesting schedules.  Weak permit system for harvesting NTFPs. PROTECTION: To improve the protective functions of THREATS  Incidence of the forest ecosystems and ensure biodiversity perennial wildfire conservation and environmental service functions of from within and adjacent farmlands. the reserve.  Over exploitation STRENGTH and near extinction WEAKNESS  The reserve habours diverse flora and fauna of some timber  Inadequate staff for protection duties in the reserve. resources. species and NTFPs.  Weak enforcement of forest laws.  Provision of Environmental services.  Non attractiveness  Clearly defined external boundaries. of existing alternative OPPORTUNITIES livelihood ventures THREATS  Potential of the reserve to have high regeneration for communities  Illegal felling and chainsaw activities. capacity. living around the  Possibilities of annual wildfire.  Possible donor support from REDD+ projects and forest reserve.  Streams dry up during dry seasons negatively affecting others.  Proximity of fringe communities and wildlife and aquatic life.  Payments for environmental services. communities to  Invasion of Broussonetia papyrifera (York) and  Potential for research. reserve. Chromolaena odorata (Acheampong). OPPORTUNITIES  Perception of not  Abundance of lesser known species that can be obtaining direct promoted for utilization. benefits from reserve.

21  Availability of market for timber and NTFPs.  Invasion of  Donor support for Forest and Wildlife resources Broussonetia management. papyrifera (York)  Expected wood tracking and verification systems and Chromolaena under the VPA to ensure legal timber in the odorata supply chain (Acheampong).

Table 11: SWOT Analysis of the Protection Objective of Management. PROTECTION: To improve the protective functions of the forest ecosystems and ensure biodiversity conservation and environmental service functions of the reserve. STRENGTH WEAKNESS  The reserve habours diverse flora and  Inadequate staff for protection fauna resources. duties in the reserve.  Provision of Environmental services.  Weak enforcement of forest  Clearly defined external boundaries. laws.

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS  Potential of the reserve to have high  Illegal felling and chainsaw regeneration capacity. activities.  Possible donor support from REDD+  Possibilities of annual wildfire. projects and others.  Streams dry up during dry  Payments for environmental services. seasons negatively affecting  Potential for research. fringe communities and wildlife and aquatic life.  Invasion of Broussonetia papyrifera (York) and Chromolaena odorata (Acheampong).

TABLE 12: SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE REFORESTATION OBJECTIVE OF MANAGEMENT. REFORESTATION: To ensure the restoration of degraded forest areas through reforestation. STRENGTH WEAKNESS  Availability forestry technical staff.  Low morale on the part of  Over 5,000ha of land available for Forestry workers. plantation development.  Inadequate logistics.  Availability of suitable soil and good  Non-adherence to laid down climatic conditions. plans. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS  Investments (funds) from Private  Extension of admitted farms.

22 developers and Government.  Illegal farming by fringe  Willingness of the communities to communities. embrace forest restoration efforts.  Influx of migrant farmers with  Availability of labour to participate in preference for forest reserve tree planting programs. lands.  REDD+ initiatives.  Invasion of Broussonetia papyrifera, Chromolaena odorata, pest and diseases.

2.2 Specific Objectives of Management Options

The current management zones of the Forest Reserve is based on the RMSC inventory and working knowledge of technical staff of the Forestry Commission. In spite of the zonation approach adopted in this plan the totality of the integrity of the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve shall be maintained and secured by protecting, conserving and enhancing biodiversity as well as reforestation of the Reserve as shown in Table 13.

TABLE 13: CURRENT MANAGEMENT ZONES IN TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE Zones Compartments Number Area(ha) Production 1,2,3 3 339.21 Protection 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 28, 23 2,914.84 29, 30, 51, 53, 54, 80, 81, 82, 83, 87 (Convalescence) Protection 8, 17, 27, 31, 32, 36, 40, 41, 50, 52, 55, 40 5,370.46 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,61, 62, 64,63, 65, 66, (Conversion) 67,68, 72,73,74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 85, 86, 88, 90,91, 92,93 Protection 18,19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 33, 34, 26 2,817.16 (Hill Sanctuary) 35, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,48, 49, 69, 70, 71 Swampy 89 1 112.04 Total (ha) 93 11,554.00

23 2.2.1 PRODUCTION OBJECTIVE: To manage the reserve on the basis of utmost sustained yield, increase the proportion of economic timber species and lesser used species for the benefit of stakeholders.

2.2.1.1 To sustainably manage approximately 339.21ha of productive natural forest area to yield an estimated 7,200m3 of harvestable volume of timber in the Reserve within three years, which has the potential of generating revenue of Sixty Three Thousand Ghana Cedis (GH¢ 63,000.00). PROTECTION OBJECTIVE: To improve the protective functions of the forest ecosystems and ensure biodiversity conservation and environmental service functions of the reserve.

2.2.1.2 To maintain Twenty Six (26) compartments which constitute the hill sanctuary, One Compartment (1), which serves as swampy area and Twenty- Three (23) compartments for convalescence within the plan period. 2.2.1.3 To implement wildfire preventive measures in the entire forest reserve in collaboration with the communities. 2.2.1.4 To manage the catchment areas of the streams to improve water quality and prevent them from drying up.

REFORESTATION OBJECTIVE: To ensure the restoration of degraded forest areas through reforestation.

2.2.1.5 To reforest Forty (40) degraded compartments covering an area of 5,370.46ha. 2.2.1.6 To manage 1,155ha of 2003-2007(MTS) and 2011-2013(NFPDP) established plantations.

GOVERNANCE AND BENEFIT SHARING OBJECTIVES: To improve forest governance through effective collaboration with all stakeholders.

2.2.1.7 Collaborate with forest fringe communities to identify, assess and sustainably manage the harvesting of Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs).

24 2.2.1.8 To support the implementation of alternative livelihood schemes within forest fringe communities. 2.2.1.9 To create employment opportunities for local people. 2.2.1.10 To ensure equitable sharing of revenue. 2.2.1.11 To ensure compliance of all law and regulations in the management of the reserve.

2.3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: To protect, maintain and enhance research plots within the reserve for education and other purposes.

2.3.1 To maintain compartment (1) for training and research purposes. 2.3.2 To team up with research (FORIG, RMSC) and academic (KNUST, UENR) institutions in the management and maintenance of Permanent Sample Plots (PSPs) in compartments (4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14) of the reserve and other areas of interest.

2.4. SUPPORTING AUXILLARY OBJECTIVES:

To facilitate the smooth implementation of operational activities in the Forest Reserve.

2.4.1. To purchase vehicle, motorbikes to facilitate movement of staff during implementation. 2.4.2. To build Range Quarters (Bungalows) to house staff at strategic location to facilitate forest management.

25 Community members participating in the socio- economic survey

Stakeholders of the Mawbia Forest Reserve participating in the stakeholder workshop

26 PART III: MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTION

This part deals with the prescriptions for the achievement of the broad management objectives set out in the various management zones; production, protection (hill sanctuary, convalescence and swamp) and conversion) outlined in PART II.

FOREST MANAGEMENT ZONES

A total of Three (3) compartments covering an area of 339.21 are to be managed for natural timber production. A total of Twenty Six (26) compartments covering an area of approximately 2,817.16ha consist of Hill Sanctuary. Twenty-three (23) compartments constitute Convalescence and Forty (40) for conversion, whiles one (1) compartment constitutes a swampy area. Details of Compartments under various categories were shown in Table 13 and Figures 3 and 4 indicate the zonation map and progress map of Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve respectively.

27

Figure 3: Zonation Map Of Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve.

FIGURE 4: PROGRESS MAP FOR TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE.

28 3.1 PRODUCTION

Main Objective: To manage the reserve on the basis of utmost sustained yield, increase the proportion of economic timber species and lesser used species for the benefit of stakeholders.

3.1.1 TIMBER PRODUCTION Objective: To sustainably manage approximately 339.21ha of productive natural forest area to yield an estimated 7,200m3 of harvestable volume of timber in the Reserve within three years which has a potential of generating revenue of Sixty-Three Thousand Ghana Cedis (GH¢63,000.00). Management Prescription  Carry out 100% yield marking of all timber species above 50cm dbh.  Carry out enumeration checks according to MoP section D and other prescribed verification procedures.  All trees felled and stumps will be labelled and measured (full utilisable length) and data captured on Tree Information Form (TIF) and/or appropriate data collection devices.  All logs measured and labelled as prescribed in the Logging Manual or other harvesting rules.  Log Measurement Conveyance Certificates (LMCCs) shall be issued for all trees legally harvested.  Post harvest checks and environmental audits shall be undertaken after logging.  Compartment Closure Certificates shall be issued after post-harvest audits.

3.1.2 NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFPS) Objective – Collaborate with forest fringe communities to identify, assess and sustainably manage the harvesting of Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Management Prescription  Identify and document the location of all NTFPs in the Forest Reserve.

29  Undertake inventory to determine key NTFP stocking levels (quantities) and their distribution in the Reserve.  Explore the potential of propagating some of the desirable NTFPs including pestles and chewing sticks (Nsokodua).  Permits will be issued for collection of NTFPs.  Monitoring of NTFP harvesting activities in Forest Reserve shall be undertaken in accordance with the harvesting rules. 3.1.3 NATURAL REGENERATION OPERATIONS AND ENRICHMENT PLANTING Objective – To restock harvested or disturbed compartments (open canopies and low stocking) with desirable commercial species, and regeneration assessment carried out every two (2) years.

3.1.3.1 UNDERTAKE NATURAL REGENERATION OF ECONOMICALLY DESIRABLE TIMBER SPECIES. Management Prescription  Timber species will be assessed to determine their regenerative ability.  Pioneer and light demanding species will be planted in canopy openings to reduce competition.  Weeding/Ring weeding will be used to prevent growth of unwanted plants around desirable seedlings/saplings.  For targeted shade bearers, conditions of low light intensity shall be created and reduction of competition through partial thinning in and around areas with high incidence of natural regeneration shall be adopted.

3.1.3.2 UNDERTAKE ENRICHMENT PLANTING. Management Prescription

 Abandoned log yards and skid tracks that have been opened up or experienced excessive soil compaction over the years will be planted with suitable tree species.

30  Planting of non-pioneer light demanders, (e.g. Antiaris toxicaria, Anthrocaryon micraster, etc) in skid tracks.  Planting of pioneers (e.g. Ceiba pentandra Celtis spp.) would be used in log yards and road verges.

3.1.3.3 UNDERTAKE COPPICE MANAGEMENT. Management Prescription Trees stumps of species such as Ceiba and Wawa, which have potential to coppice after harvesting will be monitored and coppiced shoots managed.

3.2 PROTECTION

Main Objective: To improve the protective functions of the forest ecosystems and ensure biodiversity conservation and environmental service functions of the Reserve. 3.2.1 BOUNDARY PROTECTION Objective – To maintain the external and internal boundaries of the Reserve. Management Prescription  Erect Reserve Sign Post at key entry points of the reserve.  Identify defaced, broken and missing boundary pillars.  Replacement of defaced, broken and missing boundary pillars within the first five years of the plan period.  Clean and patrol a total external boundary perimeter of 64.20km twice a year.  Plant 34km of external and 10.56km of internal boundaries with desirable tree species each year within the plan period.  Prosecute forest offenders at the law court and maintain proper documentation.

3.2.2 FOREST BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION (FLORA AND FAUNA) Objective – To safeguard individual species using fine grain protection measures and exemption from exploitation. Management Prescription

31  Protect key (star rated) species identified in the Forest Reserve areas and conduct enrichment planting where necessary.  Study the natural regeneration of potential timber species.  Tend natural regenerated timber seedlings to enhance growth.  Identify environmental factors enhancing and limiting regeneration ability of the species.  Enforce hunting regulation during the close season.

3.2.3 HILL SANCTUARY Objective – To protect the entire hilly area of the Reserve comprising of 26 compartments for ecological value for both flora and fauna. Management Prescription  Collection of NTFPS will be restricted to domestic use.  No logging will be allowed in this area.  Encroachment will not be entertained.

3.2.4 SWAMP AREA Objective – To protect the swamp area of the Reserve comprising 112.04ha. Management Prescription  No logging will be allowed in this area.  Hunting of wildlife will be restricted.  Trees located within 25m and 50m at both banks of streams will not be allowed for felling. 3.2.5 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Objective – To manage the catchment areas of the streams to improve water quality, ensure continuous flow of water along the streams and prevent them from drying up. Management Prescription  Maintain water flow and reduce sedimentation of the streams within the Reserve by planting fast growing, evergreen trees with high water-use efficiency, and fire resistant tree species along the banks of streams at

32 appropriate off-set distances. Tree species such as subaha is recommendable for this buffer planting.  Ensure that no tree is felled within 50m on both sides of streams and 25m on both sides of streams as prescribed in the logging manual.  Undertake regular monitoring of buffer zones of the streams.

3.2.6 WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT Objective – To implement wildfire preventive measures in the entire Forest Reserve in collaboration with the communities. Management Prescription  Pre- suppression activities shall include clearing of firebreaks, fire tracing, and early burning.  Form and organize Fire Volunteer Squads (FVS) for the fringe communities through collaboration with FC, GNFS and the District Assembly.  Construct and maintain fire rides to control any incidence of wildfires.  Educate and sensitize communities on the need to prevent wildfires.

3.2.7 MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE SPECIES Objective – Eradicate invasive species Management Prescription Chemical treatment (glyphosphate-based) will be used for the eradication of Broussonetia papyrifera (York) and Chromolaena odorata (Acheampong) which have invaded some open patches in the Reserve.

3.3 REFORESTATION

Main Objective: To ensure the restoration of degraded forest through reforestation.

3.3.1 REFORESTATION OF DEGRADED AREA. Objective – To reforest forty (40) degraded compartments covering an area of 5,370.46ha. Management Prescription

33  Surveying and physically delineating the selected compartments for plantation.  Land preparation will be untaken through slashing by cutlass and felling of shrubs will take place between January and March of each planting year. Care will be taken to prevent the destruction of suitable regeneration of niches and isolated indigenous tree species. Land preparation by fire will not be permitted.  Pegging shall be done between March and May at a spacing of 8m X 8m (156/ha) for exotic species such as Cedrella and 4m X 4m (625/ha) for indigenous species.  Planting materials will be of healthy potted and bare rooted seedlings. Recommended seedlings include native tree species such as Ofram, Emire, Ceiba Wawa and Mansonia, and exotic species such as Cedrella odorata.  Planting of tree seedlings shall be done between April and August.  Tending/Maintenance operations shall be done to facilitate the proper growth of trees and prevent the harbouring of pest. Weeding at planned intervals using prescribed procedures.  Survival survey shall be carried out after the completion of the annual planting out.  Beating up shall be carried out where mortality is high. 3.3.2 MAINTENANCE OF ESTABLISHED PLANTATIONS. Objective – To manage 1,155ha of 2003-2007 (MTS) and 2011-2013 (NFPDP) established plantations. Management Prescription  Carry out tending and prunning of all established plantation areas.  Maintain fire rides around plantation to prevent any perennial wildfires.  Carry out fire patrol during dry season around the plantation areas in the reserve.  Thinning operations shall be carried out according to MoP C for Plantations.  Harvesting operations shall be carried out in accordance with prescription in the MoP C for Plantations.

34 3.4 GOVERNANCE AND BENEFIT SHARING Main Objective: To improve forest governance through effective collaboration with all stakeholders. 3.4.1 ADMITTED FARMS Objective – To manage twenty-two (22) admitted farms covering an area of 83.6ha Management Prescription  Identify all blocked boundaries of the 22 admitted farms by the end of the third year of the plan period.  Opening up of all the blocked boundaries of the 22 admitted farms by the end of the third year of the plan period.  Check survey the 22 admitted farms every two (2) years to ensure that they are not illegally extended.  Pillaring of the 22 admitted farms by the end of the five (5) year of the plan period.  Maintenance of 22 admitted farms boundaries as per maintenance schedule.

3.4.2 COMMUNAL / DOMESTIC RIGHTS Objective – To ensure that domestic and communal rights are fully respected. Management Prescription.  Forest fringe communities shall have regulated access to the Reserve to collect NTFPs for domestic use.  Permit will have to be obtained from the FSD before NTFP can be harvested on commercial quantities.  Communities will have free access to undertake health walk through the reserve and enjoy aesthetic value of the forest.  Benefit sharing arrangements shall follow the provisions specified in FC- Benefit Sharing Agreement Documents for commercial forest plantation development under the Public Private Partnership.

35  The communities living around the Forest Reserve shall be given opportunities for employment and training. The rights of workers to organize and voluntarily negotiate with their employers shall be guaranteed as outlined in conventions 87 and 98 of the ILO.

3.4.3 ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD INTERVENTIONS Objective – To facilitate the establishment of livelihood interventions appropriate in the forest fringe communities to improve their living standard. Management Prescription  Develop appropriate alternate livelihood options in consultation with the communities such as snail farming, livestock, kente and basket weaving.  Formation of alternative livelihood groups in communities.  Training of communities in their preferred alternative livelihood options shall be facilitated.  Monitor and supervise alternative livelihood options established for communities to ensure their success.

3.4.4 LAW ENFORCEMENT Objective – To ensure compliance of all law and regulations in the management of the Reserve. Management Prescription  Make use of existing systems (VPA-LAS system/Rapid response/FC Prosecutors/Police) towards effective forest and wildlife surveillance.

3.4.5 BENEFIT SHARING Objective – To ensure equitable sharing of revenue. Management Prescription  Ensure that the socio-economic needs of the forest fringe communities, particularly Social Responsibility Agreement (SRA) commitment is met in full for the benefit of the people.

36 3.5 RESEARCH PRESCRIPTIONS To protect, maintain and enhance research plots within the reserve for education and other purposes. Research and education – The Reserve serves as a host to students (especially tertiary institutions) on educational tours to enrich their knowledge on forest management activities. Objective – To protect the plots for continuous monitoring of the dynamics of the Reserve. Management Prescription  Maintain and protect One (1) Compartment for Students research  All PSPs pillars within the Forest Reserve shall be maintained and removed/broken ones will be replaced with assistance from RMSC.  Conduct research into the regeneration ability of the Reserve especially in the Convalescence Areas.  Demarcate and pillar permanent sample plots (PSPs).  Undertake research into flora and fauna dynamics overtime, to inform management decision.  Sensitize fringe communities on the Protection of Research Sites (PSPS). Support / General Activities

3.6 Infrastructural Development

3.6.1 ROAD AND TRACK NETWORK: To provide access to forest for staff and stakeholder to facilitate the effective implementation of this plan. Management Prescription  The Reserve has arterial routes used by timber trucks in and out of the reserve. However, maintenance of access roads and hauling tracks shall be carried out by the permit holders.  All roads within the reserve will be designed and constructed in accordance with the conditions and specifications given in the Logging Manual and harvesting rules of the FC.

37  Road construction within compartments shall only be carried out after stock survey has been completed and yield has been allocated and approved.

3.6.2 BUILDING: To provide accommodation for field staff.

Management Prescription.  Constructions of Three (3) Range Quarters are proposed to be constructed at Wioso, Abesewa and Brosankro to accommodate Range Supervisors.  Construction of temporary structures for the FC Rapid Response Teams, to re- enforce protection of the Forest Reserve. 3.6.3 LOGISTICS One (1) official pick up vehicle and three (3) Motorbikes are needed to support operational duties in the management of the Forest Reserve. 3.6.4 TELECOMMUNICATION MAST There are five (5) telecommunication mass of the various services providers in compartment 59 of the Forest Reserve. Management Prescription  FSD shall collaborate with the Service Providers (Vodafone, Tigo, MTN, Airtel and Glo) to protect the Reserve through fire patrols in the dry season. 3.6.5 OFFICE EQUIPMENTS: To provide Office equipment and consumables

3.7 Health and Safety for Field Operations

Objective – To develop a working culture to support health and safety at work and promote a positive social climate and smooth operation that enhance productivity. Management Prescription  Undertake training and capacity building so that managers, supervisors and all workers understand their responsibilities with respect to health and safety.

38  Classify all field operations and activities and the level of associated safety risk and appropriate measures for reducing such risk as depicted in the logging manual.  Develop plans to ensure that all activities are backed by relevant legislation and best safe working practice, especially as they relate to forest operations and operational planning.  Ensure that logging companies meet health and safety requirements.  Monitor compliance including maintaining records of accidents and undertake regular management reviews.  Provide readily available health care access in the form of First Aid tool kit for working foresters in the field.

39 PART IV: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND

EVALUATION

4.1 Management Plan Implementation

The implementation of this plan will be operationalized through an Annual Programme of Work (APW) which will also form the basis for monitoring and evaluating the prescribed treatments assigned to the various management zones, that is production, protection (hill sanctuary, convalescence, swamp) and conversion. 4.1.1 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS This section covers activity scheduling, costing of operations and allocation of responsibilities and resources for the implementation of the management plan over the stated period. Prescribed treatments to be executed in the production, protection, and reforestation zones are outlined in Tables 14, 15 and 16. TABLE 14: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT FOR PRODUCTION ZONE (2016-2026)

Implementing Prescribed Unit of Quantity Unit/ Remarks Treatment Measurement Institution

Quantity estimated using 3 Compartment survey compartments each with and an average perimeter of 4.8km. Km FSD pillaring Labour will be engaged from Forest Fringe Communities (FFC). Harvesting Labour will be engaged from FSD/ Operations No. of Compts. 3 FFC. TUC holders (Felling operations) Post-harvest Number of Labour will be engaged from 3 FSD/RMSC Assessment Compts. FFC. Inducing Natural Number of Collaborate with FORIG, 5 FSD/RMSC Regeneration Compts. communities, Academia Enrichment 23 FSD, RMSC, FFC will be engaged in No. of Compts planting (2,914.84ha) FORIG labour work. Cultivation of Collaborate with RMSC and selected Ha - FSD Communities. NTFPs Sensitization of Collaborate with communities No. of Landowners / 23 FSD/RMSC on TUC holder’s Communities. Traditional Authorities / SRA commitments Key communities.

40 Implementing Prescribed Unit of Quantity Unit/ Remarks Treatment Measurement Institution

Skills development and Develop Entrepreneurship training alternative No. of FSD/RMSC/ necessary. 10 Livelihood Communities. NGO,CSO Collaboration with FFC/ NGOs intervention. and Private investors are necessary. Prescribed ImplementingCollaborate with Permit Holders Unit Quantity Remarks treatment Unit/Institution in organizing training in Reserve sign number of posts 20 FSD health andTargeted safety at measure key reserve for entry and posting management, exit points. field staff, contractors.Labour will be engaged from FFC External boundary km 64.62 FSD Labour will be engaged from FFC maintenance (perimeter) External boundary km 64.62 FSD Labour will be engaged from FFC planting (perimeter) Fire ride km - FSD Will be determined by reforestation construction programme. Wildfire Numberha of 11,554 FSD Annually on the onset of dry season. Persons pre-suppression 100 FSD/RMSC Wildfire Education . number of 20 FSD Collaborate with TA, GNFS, Media, communities District Assemblies. Management of 22 Km 10.56 FSD Labour will be engaged from FFC for admitted farms. check survey, pillaring of farms, internal boundary maintenance.

Implement Health and number of 100 FSD, RMSC, Training in Health and Safety for Safety measures personnel FORIG management and field workers.

Implement health and safety measures

TABLE 15: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT FOR PROTECTION ZONE (2016-2026) Implementing Prescribed treatment Unit Quantity Remarks Unit/Institution Reserve sign posting number of 20 FSD Targeted at key reserve entry posts and exit points. Labour will be engaged from FFC External boundary km 64.62 FSD Labour will be engaged from maintenance (perimeter) FFC External boundary km 64.62 FSD Labour will be engaged from planting (perimeter) FFC Fire ride construction km - FSD Will be determined by reforestation programme. Wildfire pre-suppression ha 11,554 FSD Annually on the onset of dry season.

41 Wildfire Education number of 20 FSD Collaborate with TA, GNFS, communitie Media,District Assemblies. s Management of 22 Km 10.56 FSD Labour will be engaged from admitted farms. FFC for check survey, pillaring of farms, internal boundary maintenance. Implement Health and number of 100 FSD, RMSC, Training in Health and Safety Safety measures personnel FORIG for management and field workers.

TABLE 16: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT FOR REFORESTATION ZONE (2016-2026) Prescribed Unit of Quantity Implementing Remarks treatment Measurement Unit/Institution Plantation ha 5,370.46 FSD Quantity estimated for Establishment Conversion zone. Labour will be engaged from FFC. Maintenance ha 1,155 FSD/ Quantity estimated for Private Developers / plantation. FC will TUC holders provide technical guidance where necessary. Labour will be engaged from FFC. Plantation ha 1,016 FSD Applicable to MTS Assessment 2003-2009-2007 of harvestable established plantations areas & 2011--201-2013 Ecotech plantations Plantation thinning ha 10 FSD This is applicable to only the existing/ established plantation areas that are potentially harvestable in the near future. Wildfire number of 23 FSD Collaboration with Prevention, communities TUC holders/GNFS/ Pre-suppression Communities/NADM Suppression. O in fire prevention programmes. Number of fire 50 FSD 10 Communities with volunteer 5 members squads each. Collaborate with FFC/ District Assemblies/ GNFS in training of

42 Prescribed Unit of Quantity Implementing Remarks treatment Measurement Unit/Institution FVS.

4.2 Costs and Revenue Flow Distribution

4.2.1 COST ESTIMATES TABLE 17: COST ESTIMATES TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE – MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016 - 2026 ESTIMATED COST TABLE Prescription Estimated Unit Institution Target Period Cost 3.1 PRODUCTION: To manage the reserve on the basis of utmost sustained yield and to increase the proportion of economic timber species, non-timber produce and lesser used species for the benefit of stakeholders. 3.1.1 To sustainably manage approximately 339.21ha of productive natural forest area to yield an estimated 7,200m3 of harvestable volume of timber in the No. FC 3 3 Years 77,020.50 Reserve within three years which has a potential of generating revenue of Sixty-Three Thousand Ghana Cedis (GH¢63,000.00). 3.1.2 To restock harvested or disturbed compartments (open canopies and low stocking) with desirable Throughout plan FC/Fringe commercial species, and ha 2,914.84 implementation 539,880.80 Communities regeneration assessment period. carried out every two (2) years. Inducing Natural Regeneration (ha) TOTAL PRODUCTION 616,901.30

3.2 PROTECTION: To improve the protective functions of the forest ecosystems and ensure biodiversity conservation and environmental service functions of the reserve. 3.2.1 To maintain the external Throughout plan and internal boundaries of No. FC 64.62 implementation 55,747.25 the Reserve. period. 3.2.2 To safeguard individual species using fine grain Throughout plan protection measures and No. FC implementation 60,000.00 exemption from period. exploitation.

43 TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE – MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016 - 2026 ESTIMATED COST TABLE Prescription Estimated Unit Institution Target Period Cost 3.2.3 To protect the entire hilly area of the Reserve Throughout plan comprising of 26 ha FC 2,817.16 implementation 15,000.00 compartments for period. ecological value for both flora and fauna. 3.2.4 To protect the swamp area Throughout plan of the Reserve comprising ha FC 112.04 implementation 15,000.00 112.04ha. period. 3.2.5 To manage the catchment areas of the streams to improve water quality, Throughout plan Whole ensure continuous flow of No. FC implementation 20,000.00 Reserve water along the streams period. and prevent them from drying up. 3.2.6 To implement wildfire preventive measures in the Throughout plan Whole entire Forest Reserve in No. FC implementation 80,000.00 Reserve collaboration with the period. communities. 3.2.7 To eradicate invasive Throughout plan Whole species No. FC implementation 20,000.00 Reserve period. TOTAL 265,747.25 PROTECTION 3.3 REFORESTATION: To ensure the restoration of degraded forest areas through reforestation. 3.3.1 To reforest forty (40) Throughout degraded 5,370. plan 431,206,911. ha FC compartments covering 46 implementat 50 an area of 5,370.46ha. ion period 3.3.2 To manage 1,155ha of Throughout 2003-2007 (MTS) and plan ha FC 1,155 8,378,213.00 2011-2013 (NFPDP) implementat established ion period TOTAL 439,585,124. REFORESTATION 50 3.4 GOVERNANCE AND BENEFIT SHARING: To improve forest governance through effective collaboration with all stakeholders. 3.4.1 To manage twenty-two Throughout (22) admitted farms plan No. FC 22 64,232.00 covering an area of implementat 83.6ha ion period.

44 TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE – MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016 - 2026 ESTIMATED COST TABLE Prescription Estimated Unit Institution Target Period Cost 3.4.2 To collaborate with forest fringe communities to Throughout identify, assess and plan No. FC 10 70,000.00 sustainably manage the implementat harvesting of Non ion period. Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). 3.4.3 To ensure that Throughout domestic and plan No. FC 20 18,000.00 communal rights are implementat fully respected. ion period. 3.4.4 To facilitate the establishment of livelihood Throughout interventions plan appropriate in the No. FC 10 35,000.00 implementat forest fringe ion period. communities to improve their living standard. 3.4.5 To ensure compliance Throughout of all law and plan regulations in the No. FC 23 10,000.00 implementat management of the ion period. Reserve. 3.4.6 Throughout To ensure equitable plan No. FC 23 10,000.00 sharing of revenue. implementat ion period. TOTAL 207,232.00 GOVERNANCE 3.5 RESEARCH: To protect, maintain and enhance research plots within the reserve for education and other purposes. 3.5.1 To protect, maintain FC- Throughout and enhance research FSD, plan plots within the reserve No. 11 72,500.00 FORIG, implementat for education and other RMSC ion period. purposes. TOTAL RESEARCH 72,500.00

3.6 SUPPORT/GENERAL ACTIVITIES: To facilitate the smooth implementation of operational activities in the Forest Reserve.

45 TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE – MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016 - 2026 ESTIMATED COST TABLE Prescription Estimated Unit Institution Target Period Cost 3.6.1 To provide access to forest for staff ans FC/NG Throughout stakeholder to facilitate O/ plan km 200,000.00 the effective DONO implementat implementation of this RS ion period. plan. 3.6.2 FC/NG Throughout To provide O/ plan accommodation for No. 3 230,000.00 DONO implementat field staff. RS ion period. 3.6.3 To provide adequate means of transportation FC/NG Throughout for FSD staff to O/ plan No. 1 150,000.00 facilitate the effective DONO implementat implementation of this RS ion period. plan. 3.6.4 To assist Telecoms to FC/NG Throughout provide network O/ plan No. 40,000.00 services to all and DONO implementat sundry. RS ion period. 3.6.5 FC/NG Throughout To provide Office O/ plan equipment and No. 30,500.00 DONO implementat consumables. RS ion period. 3.7 To develop a working cultures to support health and safety at FC/NG Throughout work and promote a O/ plan No. 18,500.00 positive social climate DONO implementat and smooth operation RS ion period. that enhance productivity. TOTAL SUPPORT/GENERA 669,000.00

L ACTIVITIES GRAND TOTAL 1,831,380.55

NB: Detail budget is attached as Appendix 9.

46 4.2.2 SOURCES OF REVENUE Potential sources of revenue flow for Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve are varied. The following are the major sources of revenue.

 Stumpage Fees: Determined by the rate per species and total allocated yield of timber trees and on the assumption that all yield will be harvested.  Concession Rent: Rate is fixed by Legislative Instrument and the current value is GH¢0.12/ha/year for Off-Reserve and GH¢0.15 for Forest Reserve.  Plantation Revenue: Revenue accruing from already established plantation.  NTFPs fees: Mainly derived from harvesting of pestles, chew-sticks, medicinal plants, fire wood, etc. Others sources will be the following:  Timber Rights Fee (TRF)

 Social Responsibility Agreements (SRAs)

 Payment of Environmental Services (PES)  Service charge  Carbon Credits  Ground Rent (Private Plantation Developers)

4.2.3 REVENUE PREDICTIONTABLE 18: SUMMARY OF REVENUE PREDICTION FOR THE FIRST 5 YEARS (2016-2021) OF THE PLANNED PERIOD SOURCE 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th TOTAL YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR GH¢ GH¢ GH¢ GH¢ GH¢ GH¢ Stumpage 21,000.0 21,000. 21,000.00 - - 63,000.00 0 00 TRF ------SRA ------Rent ------

NTFP’s ------

47 Total 21,000.0 21,000. 21,000.00 - - 63,000.00 0 00 NB: USING THE ABUNDANT SPP, CELTIS AS PROXY; 2,400M3 (ANNUALLY) X 8.75 (CURRENT STUMPAGE RATE) =21,000 .00

4.2.4 REVENUE DISBURSEMENT ARRANGEMENT TABLE 19: SUMMARY OF PREDICTED REVENUE DISBURSEMENT ARRANGEMENT FOR THE FIRST 5 YEARS (2016-2021) OF THE PLANNED PERIOD. Source Total Beneficiaries and % share (GH¢) of expecte FC OASL District Stool Traditio Revenu d GH¢ (50%) (10%) Assembly land nal e (55%) (25%) Council (20%) Stumpag 63,000.0 31,500. 3,150. 15,592.50 7,087.5 5,670.00 e 0 00 00 0 TRF ------SRA ------

RENT ------

Service ------Charge NTFP’s ------

Carbon ------Credit Plantatio ------n Revenue

Notes: Concessionaires whose permits have not expired are not active in the Reserve.

4.2.5 FUNDING SOURCES For the implementation of this management plan, possible sources of funding are:  Forestry Commission (Internal Generated Fund).  Government of Ghana (GoG)  Loans and Grants.

48  Management Charges (50% of Stumpage).  Public – Private Partnership (PPP).  Development Partners.  Service Charges and Fees.

4.3 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REVIEW A formal and systematic monitoring system will be put in place to ensure the comparison of actual performance against the target. The aims of monitoring, analysis and reporting on progress shall be to achieve the prescriptions as follows: Provide information for the future revision of the plan. Provide information for the evaluation of the management plan or its prescription. Two (2) main approaches for monitoring and evaluation will be adopted: Periodic monitoring: This will involve making comparisons between physical achievements and programme targets and between financial expenditure and budgets at the end of specific time periods, for example, monthly, quarterly, yearly or longer periods. Continuous monitoring: It will apply to specified key indicators which will enable information on plan implementation to be collected at pre-determined intervals. This provides a Forest Manager with the means of applying close control over forest operations enabling frequent comparisons to be made between planned programmes and inputs of resources with actual achievements and inputs. A key mechanism for monitoring legal sourcing of wood, timber production and harvesting compliance will include the use of the Wood Tracking System (WTS) which has been designed as part of the Legality Assurance System of the VPA.

4.3.1 MONITORING STRATEGIES Since FC is acting as agents for the land owners and the nation in the management, protection and development of the forest resources, there is the need for a monitoring and evaluation framework whereby the FC’s performance with respect to the implementation of this plan can be measured. A three-tier monitoring structure is proposed at the district, regional and national levels. Table 20 below indicates the

49 standards and procedures to be used for measuring/monitoring the effectiveness of the institutions responsible for the execution of the Forest Reserve management plan.

TABLE 20: MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK. Production Objective: To manage the reserve on the basis of utmost sustained yield, to increase the proportion of economic timber species, and lesser used species for the benefit of stakeholders.

Prescribed Indicators of Achievement Means of Frequency Responsible Treatments Verification Institution /Unit Sustainable -Yield Marking -Timber production Annually MLNR and FC timber statistics harvest -Annual report Compartment -Surveyed compartments -Approved schedules Annually RMSC/FSD survey and -Erected pillars of prescribed -Field assessment pillaring standards reports/Observations -Adherence to compartment -Stock survey schedules reports

Harvesting Adherence to harvesting -TIF production -Weekly FSD, TVD operations procedures: report -Labelling/ marking of logs -Compartment -Monthly and felling register stumps -Felling inspection -Monthly -Harvesting within permitted report yield -Production data -Monthly -Reduced logging damage reconciliation -Adherence to logging plan. reports

Post harvest -Reduced environmental -Post harvest RMSC, FSD, assessment damage assessment report TVD -Properly closed -Compartment compartments closure certificate Inducing i. Area regenerated Field assessment Quarterly RMSC, FSD natural ii. Improved stocking levels reports (sites, area regeneration iii. Increased numbers of tree and species planted) species Enrichment -Area planted Field assessment Half yearly RMSC, FSD planting -Improved stocking levels reports/observations -Increased numbers of tree species Cultivation and -Area surveyed -Field assessment Within RMSC, FSD sustainable use and demarcated reports/ observations Planned of selected -Cultivated NTFPs -NTFP production Period NTFPs Developed guidelines for and utilization NTFP harvest and use. guidelines Socio- -Number of alternative -Project reports Within FC-FSD, NGO economic livelihood options developed Planned interventions and Implemented. -Evidence of Period

50 Prescribed Indicators of Achievement Means of Frequency Responsible Treatments Verification Institution /Unit -Number of job opportunities employment. created for local communities.

Protection Objective: To improve the protective functions of the forest ecosystems and ensure biodiversity conservation and environmental service functions of the reserve

Prescribed Indicators of Means of Frequency Responsible Treatments Achievement Verification Institution/ Unit Sign Posting of Number of sign post Physical inspection Yearly FSD Forest Reserve erected. of Posts. Boundary - Boundary maintenance. -Boundary Monthly FSD/RMSC maintenance schedule maintenance - Length (km) of reserve reports. boundary cleaned and -District monthly inspected. reports Boundary planting Length (km) of reserve District monthly Monthly FSD/RMSC boundary planted. reports. Fire ride - Length (km) of fire ride -Field inspection -Half FSD/RMSC/ construction constructed reports yearly Community - Evidence of contracts -Contract -Annually awarded for construction of documents/paymen fire rides. ts.

Wildfire Length (km) of reserve -Field inspection - Half FSD/RMSC/ Pre-Suppression boundary planted reports yearly Community -District monthly - Monthly report Wildfire Number of communities District monthly Monthly FSD/RMSC/ education sensitized report Community/ GNFS Check survey and -Area of admitted farm i. Field inspection i. Half FSD/ RMSC/ pillaring of 22 check surveyed. reports. yearly Community Admitted Farms -Number of admitted farms ii. District monthly inspected. reports. ii. Monthly iii. District Permit records.

51 Reforestation Objective: To ensure the restoration of degraded forest areas through reforestation.

Prescribed Indicators of Means of Frequency Responsible Treatments Achievement Verification Institution/ Unit Establishment -Degraded sites surveyed -Survey reports -Annually FC-FSD and demarcated -Maps -Site prepared and area -Within planted planned -Number of species Period planted -Quantity of planting materials (seedlings) raised -planting success recorded -Beating up conducted Maintenance -Weeding regime followed Field/Inspection Periodic FSD -Prepared and approved reports schedules Harvesting Compliance with Thinning reports At least FSD operations harvesting controls: Field/Inspection once in the Approved thinning regime reports planned period Cultivation and -Area surveyed and -Field assessment/ Annually FSD/NGO sustainable use of demarcated inspection reports selected NTFPs -Cultivated NTFPs -NTFP production Developed and utilization guidelines for NTFP guidelines harvest and use Wildfire -Reduction in the -Field assessment Annually FSD/RMSC/ management incidence reports GNFS/ of fires District -Low level of fire damage -GNFS reports Assemblies/ -Number of trained fire Community volunteer squads -Number of communities sensitized

4.3.1.1 CRITERIA FOR REVIEW Review of performance will take three forms. These are stated as follows:  Annual Review of performance; will be done every year using the annual target to establish work progress for a particular.  Mid-term review of performance for the entire management plan (2021) and  Unpredictable circumstances such as Change in forest condition. Change in forest and Wildlife Policy.

52 Change in global trends and issues in forestry. Adverse environmental occurrences beyond human control (flood, wildfires, etc). Change in status of some compartments in the hill sanctuary protection area must be given critical consideration. A final review of performance when the plan period of the management planning process is completed (2027).

REFERENCES

 Forestry Department(1993), Tinte Bepo Reserve Working Plan (1957-1962)

 Forestry Department(1993), Tinte Bepo Reserve Working Plan (1993-2012)

 Hall, J.B. and Swaine, M.D. (1981). Geobotany 1: Distribution and Ecology of Vascular Plants in Tropical Rain Forest-Forest Vegetation in Ghana. Junk publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands. 383pp.

 Hawthorne, W.D. & Abu Juam, (1995) Forest Protection in Ghana (with particular reference to vegetation and plants) IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 203pp

 Blackett, H.L. 1989. Inventory techniques. In Wong, J.L. (Ed) Seminar Proceedings, Forest Inventory Project. Overseas Development Administration (UK) and Forestry Department, Ghana.

 Hawthorne, W.D. & Abu Juam, 1995. Forest Protection in Ghana (with particular reference to vegetation and plant species). IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. xvii +203 pp.

 Hawthorne, W.D., 1994. Fire Damage and Forest Regeneration in Ghana. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, U.K.

 RMSC 2015, Fauna Survey Report of Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve, WD Unit, Kumasi.

 RMSC 2015, Flora Survey of Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve, EC Unit, Kumasi.

 RMSC 2015, Report on Socio-Economic Survey for Selected Fringe Communities Around Tinte-Bepo Forest Reserve In The Mankranso Forest District, CRMU, Kumasi

53  Taylor C.J. 1960. Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd., Edinburgh. 418pp.

54 APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1a: Schedule Description of boundaries

MAIN BLOCK The area of land, of approximately 14 square miles, situate in the Kumasi District of Ashanti, of which the boundaries are as shown edged pink on a plan numbered X 646 signed on behalf of the Director of Surveys on the 22nd day of August, 1929 and deposited with the Director of surveys.

EAST BLOCK Commencing from F.R.B.P.43 of the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve Main Block which is the same as B.P.No.1 the boundary is a cut line on a bearing of 1520 for a distance of 70.00 chains to B.P.3 passing through B.P.2; thence a line cut on a bearing of 2120 for a distance of 14.50 chains to B.P.4; thence a line cut on a bearing of 1570 for a distance of 25.50 chains to B.P.5; thence a line cut on a bearing of 640 for a distance of 15 chains to B.P.6; thence a line cut on a bearing of 1520 for a distance of 26.00 chains to B.P..7; thence a line cut on a bearing of 810 30’ for a distance of 39.50 chains to B.P.No.8; thence a line cut on a bearing of 2190 30’ for a distance of 24 chains to B.P.9; thence a line cut on a bearing of 1460 for a distance of 24.50 chains to B.P. No.10; thence a line cut on a bearing of 2620 30’ for a distance of 19.50 chains to B.P.No.11; thence a line cut on a bearing of 1520 for a distance of 38.00 chains to B.P. No.12; thence a line cut on a bearing of 2980for a distance of 28.00 chains to B.P.No.13; thence a line out on a bearing of 2410 30’for a distance of 18 chains to B.P.No.14; thence a line cut on a bearing of 154 for a distance of 40 chains to B.P.No.15; thence a line cut on a bearing of 1010 30 for a distance of 46.50 chains to B.P.No.16; thence a line cut on a bearing of 1520 for a distance of 140 chains to B.P.No.20; thence a line cut on a bearing of 2280 for a distance of 120.00 chains to B.P.23; thence a line cut on a bearing of 3070 for a distance of 241.28 chains to B.P.No.29; thence a line cut on a bearing of 2720 30’ for a distance of 131.70 chains passing through B.P.Nos.30 and 31 to B.P.No.34 of the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve (Main Block); thence the boundary follows the Eastern Boundary of the Tinte Bepo

55 Forest Reserve Main Block in a North-easterly direction through B.P.Nos.35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42 to No.43 which is the same as No.1, the point of commencement.

WEST BLOCK Commencing at B.P.15 of Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve (Main Block) a line cut on a bearing of 2900 for a distance of 215.52 chains to B.P.5; thence on a bearing of 3340 30’for a distance of 511.61 chains to B.P.17 situated on the Bechem –Tepa Motor Road; thence following the said Motor Road in the direction of Bechem for a distance of 32.87 chains to B.P.18; thence a line cut on a bearing of 1050 for a distance of 170.83 chains to B.P.22; thence on a bearing of 1550 30’ for a distance of 128.28 chains to B.P.25; thence on a bearing of 1060 for a distance of 159.48 chains to B.P.29; thence on a bearing of 440 30’ for a distance of 10.73 chains to B.P.30; thence on a bearing of 1230 for a distance of 44.96 chains to B.P.31; thence on a bearing of 1880 30’ for a distance of 65.84 chains to B.P.33; thence on a bearing of 1100 for a distance of 90.61 chains to B.P.9 of the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve (Main Block) and thence following the boundary of the said Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve in a South- westerly direction for a distance of 249.11 chains to B.P.15, the point of commencement.

All bearings are approximate and are referred to True North. All distances are more or less.

Made by Resolution of the Kumasi Native Authority at a meeting at Kumasi, on the 15th day of December, 1949.

56 APPENDIX 1B: TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE BOUNDARY MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

MONTH BP- DISTANCE FARMS DISTANCE(KM) TOTAL BP (KM) PERIMETER Jan. & 10.77 - -

July 10.77 - -

Feb. & 10.77 - -

Aug. 10.77 - -

March & 10.77 - -

Sept. 10.77 - -

April &

Oct.

May &

Nov.

June &

Dec.

TOTAL 64.20

57 APPENDIX 2A:

58 APPENDIX 2B:

59 APPENDIX 3A: STATUS OF COMPARTMENTS IN TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE

HILL DISTRICT RESERVE PRODUCTION CONVALESCENSE CONVERSION SWAMPY SANTUARY Mankranso Tinte Bepo 1,2,3 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 8, 17, 27, 31, 32, 36, 40, 18,19, 20, 21, 22, 89 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 28, 41, 50, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 23, 24, 25, 26, 33, 29, 30, 51, 53, 54, 80, 59, 60,61, 62, 64,63, 65, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 81, 82, 83, 87 66, 67,68, 72,73,74, 75, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 85, 86, 47,48, 49, 69, 70, 88, 90,91, 92,93 71 TOTAL 93 3 23 40 26 1 AREA 11,554 339.21 2,914.84 5,370.46 2,817.16 112.04 (HA)

60 APPENDIX 3B: CONCESSION OWNERS//SPECIAL PERMITS PROPERTY NO. OF COMPANY COMPARTMENTS REMARKS MARK COMTS

FRANCO FO 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 10 VALID TUC.

TIMBERS 64, 75, 76, 77, 79

LIMITED

EHWIA EWP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 47 VALID TUC,

WOOD 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, COMPANY

PRODUCTS 16, 17, 27, 28, 29, 30, COLLAPSED.

LIMITED 31, 32, 36, 40, 41, 50,

51,52,53,54, 55, 56

65, 66, 67,68, 73,74, 72,84,85,86, 90, 91, 92, 93 HYPERION HLL 1 1 SPECIAL

LIGNUM PERMIT

LTD

BLESSING BCC 2 1 SPECIAL

COMPANY PERMIT

LTD

B. B. ALANG 3 1 SPECIAL

COMPANY PERMIT

LTD

WUKUPOMA WP 12 1 SPECIAL

A EXP. & PERMIT

61 PROPERTY NO. OF COMPANY COMPARTMENTS REMARKS MARK COMTS

IMP. CO. LTD

GIMPEX LTD GP 13 1 SPECIAL

PERMIT

TOTAL 57

Note: All Special permit areas were formally for Ehwia Wood Product Limited.

62 APPENDIX 3C: EXISTING HAVESTING SCHEDULE FOR TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE (a) Franco Timbers Limited (Revised as result of the Regional Managers Ref. No. R5 S2A/42 of 19/5/2006 and RMSC Directors Ref. No. FMSC/FMU36/HS/V1/16 of 28/8/2006).

COUPE COMPARTMENTS TOTAL Coupe 1 2006-2010 64, 75 2 Coupe 2 2011-2015 76, 79 2 Coupe 3 2016-2020 62 1 Coupe 4 2021-2025 77 1 Coupe 5 2026-2030 57 1 Coupe 6 2031-2035 63 1 Coupe 7 2036-2040 61 1 Coupe 8 2041-2045 58 1 TOTAL 10

(b) Ehwia Wood Products Limited, TUC Area (RMSC Directors Ref. No. RMSC/FMU36/HS/V1/19 of 05/10/2011).

COUPE COMPARTMENTS TOTAL Coupe 1 1997-2001 7, 9, 10, 11, 51 5 Coupe 2 2002-2006 8, 31, 32, 36, 40, 41, 50, 52 8 Coupe 3 2007-2011 67, 72, 73, 74 4 Coupe 4 2012-2016 90, 91, 92, 93 4 Coupe 5 2017-2021 17, 27, 84, 85 4 Coupe 6 2022-2026 15, 16, 28, 29 4 Coupe 7 2027-2031 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 14 6 Coupe 8 2032-2036 4, 5, 53, 54 4 TOTAL 39

63 APPENDIX 4 : NFPDP PLANTATION ESTABLISHED IN TINTE FOREST NO COMMUNITY 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Area Compt. Area Compt. Area Compt. Area Compt. Area Compt. in in in in in Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha 1 Biokrom 10 2,6 10 2 14 2 15 2 - 2 Abesewa 20 5 - - - - 8 5 - 3 Nyamebekyere 10 22 10 22 12 22 - - - 4 Fawoman 12 55 - - 12 85 12 85 5 78 5 Pokukrom 20 56,57 20 55,56 - - 30 58 - - 6 Nsuta 20 57,58 5 55 50 56 50 56 - - 7 Amangoase 10 78 10 78 5 56 26 57 - - 8 Sunkwa & 7 87 2 87 ------Sikaasem 9 Hiape 10 82 10 87 - - 12 82 20 87 10 Mmoroben 10 4,43 8 71 - - 15 71 10 71 11 Wiowso 30 45 30 42 - - 70 44,45,46 - - 12 Hwibaa 10 45 5 11 - - 30 46 - - 13 Dormaa 10 30 15 30 - - 50 31 - - 14 Betinko - - 10 85 9 78,85 26 78 12 91 15 Jacobu ------10 30 16 Kwamekyemkrom ------52 60 20 60 17 Bonkrom - - - - 5 15 26 78 - - 18 Wawase ------15 45 - - 19 Asuadei ------12 86 20 85 20 MOFA Wiaso ------10 45 - - 21 Abruaso ------12 91 22 Mmehame ------10 91 23 Gambia ------17 9,14 SUB-TOTAL 179 135 107 469 126 64 RESERVE (2003 – 2007) TOTAL = 1,016HA NFPDP – ECOTECH PLANTATION 2011, 2012, 2013 Community 2011 2012 2013 Area Planted Compt. Area Planted Compt. Area Planted Compt. Pokukrom/Amangoase 30 27 Nsuta/Nyamebekyere 30 30 32 32 Dormaa 70 50 SUB-TOTAL 57 32 50 TOTAL = 139HA

APPENDIX 5: CURRENT MANAGEMENT STATUS OF ADMITTED RIGHTS WITHIN TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE Nature Of Right Original Name Of Estate Of Availability Availability Encroachment Change Of Mgt Action Other Mgt. Right No./Name Area Legal Boundary Of Boundary Of Other Status Eg. Farm On Challenges; (M,N) (Ha) Owner Well Schedule Documents Turn Into Offences Owners Has Settlement, Detected Requested For (A,B,C) (D,E,F,G) (H,I) (J,K,L) Food Crop Turn Dmarcation Into Tree Farm Challenges Boundary Etc

65 Nature Of Right Original Name Of Estate Of Availability Availability Encroachment Change Of Mgt Action Other Mgt. Right No./Name Area Legal Boundary Of Boundary Of Other Status Eg. Farm On Challenges; (M,N) (Ha) Owner Well Schedule Documents Turn Into Offences Owners Has Settlement, Detected Requested For (A,B,C) (D,E,F,G) (H,I) (J,K,L) Food Crop Turn Dmarcation Into Tree Farm Challenges Boundary Etc

Admitted Kwabena Owner Farm Antwi Requested For (East) 1 C E,G I K,L Demarcation. 2 C E,G I K,L But Schedule 3 C E,G I K,L Not Available. 4 C E,G I K,L 5 C E,G I K,L Total 9.06 Area (From East Mgt) Admitted 1 Owner Farm 2 Requested For (West) 3, 4, 5, 6, Demarcation. 7, 8, 9 But Schedule Not Available.

66 Nature Of Right Original Name Of Estate Of Availability Availability Encroachment Change Of Mgt Action Other Mgt. Right No./Name Area Legal Boundary Of Boundary Of Other Status Eg. Farm On Challenges; (M,N) (Ha) Owner Well Schedule Documents Turn Into Offences Owners Has Settlement, Detected Requested For (A,B,C) (D,E,F,G) (H,I) (J,K,L) Food Crop Turn Dmarcation Into Tree Farm Challenges Boundary Etc

10 11 12 H 13 H 14 15 16 Total 66.82 Area (From West Mgt) Admitted Adwoa Po 7.77 B E.G H K,L M Farm 1 (From Mgt) (West) Total Area Of 88.65

67 Nature Of Right Original Name Of Estate Of Availability Availability Encroachment Change Of Mgt Action Other Mgt. Right No./Name Area Legal Boundary Of Boundary Of Other Status Eg. Farm On Challenges; (M,N) (Ha) Owner Well Schedule Documents Turn Into Offences Owners Has Settlement, Detected Requested For (A,B,C) (D,E,F,G) (H,I) (J,K,L) Food Crop Turn Dmarcation Into Tree Farm Challenges Boundary Etc

Farms

A=ORIGINAL OWNER; B=INHERITED OWNER; C=UNKNOWN; D=MAINTAINED NOT; E=MAINTAINED; F=PILLAR INTACT; G=NO PILLARS; H= AVAILABLE; I= NOT AVAILABLE; J=RESERVE SETTLEMENT; K= MGT PLAN; L= MAPS; M= BOUNDARY EXTENDED; N= NON ADMITTED AREA ENCROACHED ESTATE COMPT. NO/AREA O= CASE PENDING; P= CASE SETTLED

68 APPENDIX 6: NATIVE AUTHORITY ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE

A S H A N T I RULES In exercise of the powers conferred upon the Governor by section 15 of the Native Authority (Ashanti ) Ordinance (Cap.79) and delegated to me by virtue of an Instrument of Delegation made under section 26 of the Interpretation Ordinance dated the third day of December, 1949, I hereby approve the following rules.

5th July, 1951. W. H. BEETON Chief Commissioner.

The Kumasi Native Authority (Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve) Rules, 1949

1. These Rules may be cited as the Kumasi Native Authority (Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve) Rules, 1949 [Short Title]

2. In these Rules unless the context otherwise requires: [Interpretation] “Forestry Department” means the government Forestry Department. “Forest Officer” means any Officer of the Forestry Department not below the rank of an Assistant Conservator of Forests. “Forest Produce” includes the following, if found in or brought from a Forest Reserve:-- (1) Timber, charcoal, rubber, wood oil, resin, gum and natural varnish; (2) Trees and leaves, flowers and fruits, and all other parts and produce not hereinbefore mentioned of trees; (3) Plants not being trees (including grass, creepers, reeds and moss) and all parts and produce of such plants; (4) Wild animals and skins, tusks, horns, bones silk, honey and wax, and all parts and produce of wild animals; and (5) Peat, surface soil and minerals other than minerals within the meaning of any Ordinance regulating the working of minerals. “Trees” includes seedlings, saplings, brushwood, palms, bamboos and canes.

3. The portion of the area of land described in the schedule to these Rules which lies within the area of the Kumasi Native Authority is hereby constituted as a Forest Reserve (hereinafter referred to as the “Reserve”) to be maintained as such in accordance with these Rules. [Constitution of the Forest Reserve]

69 4. (1) No person shall within the Reserve without the permit of the Native Authority on the written advice of a Forest Officer or a Forest Ranger certified as competent by a Forest Officer – [Damage to Reserve Prohibited]

a) Fell, uproot, lop, girdle, tap, injure by fire or otherwise damage any tree or plant: b) Make or cultivate any farm; c) (C) Set fire to any vegetation; d) Cause any damage by negligence in felling any tree or cutting or removing any timber; e) Construct any dam or weir across any river, or otherwise obstruct the channel of any river; f) Hunt, shoot, fish, poison, water or set traps or snares; g) Reside, or erect any building; h) Collect, convey, remove or subject to any manufacturing process any forest produce; i) Pasture cattle or permit cattle to trespass; j) Alter, deface or obliterate any mark placed on a tree or timber, or alter, move, destroy or deface any Forest Reserve boundary mark, pillar or beacon; k) Enter into the Reserve with intent to do any of the foregoing acts.

(2) Any permit given by the Native Authority in accordance with sub-rule 1 of this rule shall be subject to such condition as may be imposed.

5. Any person extending a clearing or making a new clearing within the Reserve with the permit of the Native Authority acting on the written advice of a Forest Officer or Forest Ranger certified as competent by a Forest Officer under the provisions of rule 4 of these rules shall, when burning the clearing, prevent fire from spreading into the forest, scrub or grass surrounding such clearing. [Provision in respect of burning.]

6. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Rules a Forest Officer or any person employed by a Forest Officer on behalf of the Native Authority may fell, cut, damage, tap or destroy trees within the Reserve and make clearing therein or remove timber there from for the purpose of planting trees, improving the growth of trees, establishing nurseries for trees and generally for the better management of the reserve. [Powers of Forest Officer to cut trees and remove timber].

7. (1) It shall be the duty of the Native Authority with the advice of the Forestry Department to manage the Reserve. [Management]. (2) When in the opinion of the Forestry Department after Consultation with the Native Authority and the Chief Commissioner the Reserve is not being properly managed, or upon a request of the Native Authority it shall be lawful for the Forestry Department to manage the Reserve and to expend money for the purpose of such management; and any money so expended shall be recovered from the proceeds of the Reserve.

70

8. Every official of the Forestry Department not below the rank of a Forest Guard is hereby authorized to arrest and detain with or without a Warrant or other legal process any person whom he finds or suspects of contravening any of the provisions of these Rules, if such person refuses to give his name or address or gives a name and address which is believed to be false, or if there is reason to believe that he will abscond, and to take such person before a Court or Native Court without any unnecessary delay. [Arrest of offenders].

9. Any person contravening or failing to comply with the provisions of these Rules shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be liable to a fine of twenty-five pounds or to imprisonment for three months, or to such fine and imprisonment both. [Penalties]

10. Nothing in these Rules shall affect -- a) The right of any person which would have existed but for the making of these rules to shoot, hunts, fish, or collect snails, or deadwood or [Saving of existing of rights]. b) The right of any person to continue the cultivation of any area which he may lawfully have under cultivation at the time these Rules come into force and the limits of which have been demarcated by the Forestry Department.

11. The Kumasi Division (Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve) Bye-laws, 1928, which are printed at page 383 if the Gazette for 1928 are hereby revoked.[Revocation of Kumasi Division ( Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve - Bye -laws 1928]

12. The Kumasi Division (Tinte Bepo East Extension Forest Reserve) Rules, 1940 which are printed at page 899 of the Gazette for 1940 are hereby revoked. [Revocation of Kumasi Division, (Tinte Bepo East Extension Forest Reserve, Rules, 1940]

13. The Kumasi Division (Tinte Bepo West Extension Forest Reserve) Rules, 1940 which are printed at page 291 of the Gazette for 1940 are hereby revoked. [Revocation of Kumasi Division, (Tinte Bepo West Extension Forest Reserve, Rules, 1940]

71 APPENDIX 7: SPECIES LIST TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE

Scientific name Local name Family Habit Guild Star Frequency Albizia adianthifolia Pampena Mimosaceae Tree NPLD Green 7 Albizia zygia Okoro Mimosaceae Tree NPLD Green 14 Allanblackia floribunda Sonkyi Guttiferae Tree Shade bearing Green 1 Alstonia boonei Nyamedua Apocynaceae Tree Pioneer Green 14 Amphimas pterocarpoides Yaya Caesalpiniaceae Tree NPLD Green 13 Aningeria spp Asamfena Sapotaceae Tree NPLD Pink 9 Anitiaris toxicaria Kyenkyen Moraceae Tree NPLD Pink 6 NPLD/shade Anthonatha fragrans Totoronini Caesalpiniaceae Tree bearing Green 1 Anthonotha macrophylla Totoro Caesalpiniaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 2 Anthostema aubryanum Kyirikusa Euphorbiaceae Tree Swamp Blue 1 Anthrocaryon micraster Aprokuma Anacardiaceae Tree NPLD Blue 1 Antiaris toxicaria Kyenkyen Moraceae Tree NPLD Red 6 Baphia nitida Odwen Papilionaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 34 Baphia pubescens Odwenkobiri Papilionaceae Tree Pioneer Green 9 Berlinia spp Kwatafompaboa Caesalpiniaceae Tree NPLD Green 1 Blighia sapida Akye Sapindaceae Tree NPLD Green 14

72 Scientific name Local name Family Habit Guild Star Frequency Blighia welwitschii Akyekobiri Sapindaceae Tree NPLD Green 7 Bridelia atroviridis Opamkotokrodu Euphorbiaceae Tree Pioneer Green 1 Broussonetia papyrifera York Moraceae Tree Non forest Green 590 Bussea occidentalis Kotoprepre Caesalpiniaceae Tree NPLD Green 2 Calpocalyx bravibracteatus Atrotre Mimosaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 1 Canarium schweinfurthii Bediwonua Burseraceae Tree Pioneer Red 1 Cedrella odorata Cedrella Meliaceae Tree Non forest Green 4 Ceiba pentandra Onyina Bombaceae Tree Pioneer Red 25 Celtis adolfi-friderici Esakosua Ulmaceae Tree Pioneer Pink 24 Celtis mildbraedii Esa Ulmaceae Tree Shade bearing Pink 148 Celtis zenkeri Esakokoo Ulmaceae Tree NPLD Pink 12 Chrysophyllum albidum Akasa Sapotaceae Tree Shade bearing Blue 19 Chrysophyllum perpulchrum Atabene Sapotaceae Tree NPLD Green 2 Cleidion gabonicum Mpawu Euphorbiaceae Tree/climber Shade bearing Green 5 Cleistopholis patens Ngonenkyene Annonaceae Tree Pioneer Green 2 Cola caricifolia Ananseaya Sterculiaceae Tree Pioneer Green 4 Cola gigantea Watapuo Sterculiaceae Tree NPLD Green 17

73 Scientific name Local name Family Habit Guild Star Frequency Cola nitida Bese Sterculiaceae Tree Shade bearing Pink 3 Cordia millenii Tweneboa-nini Boraginaceae Tree Pioneer Green 2 Corynanthe pachyceras Pampenama Rubiaceae Tree NPLD Green 1 Cylicodiscus gabunensis Denya Mimosaceae Tree Shade bearing Pink 5 Dacryodes klaineana Adwea Burseraceae Tree Shade bearing Green 1 Decryodes klaineanea Adwea Bursanvaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 1 Discoglypremna caloneura Fetefre Euphorbiaceae Tree Pioneer Green 10 Distemonanthus benthamianus Bonsamdua Caesalpiniaceae Tree NPLD Pink 3 Draceana arborea Ntonme Agavaceae Tree Pioneer Green 5 Elaeis guineensis Abe Palmae Tree Pioneer Pink 2 Entandrophragma angolense Edinam Meliaceae Tree NPLD Scarlet 24 Entandrophragma cylindricum Penkwa Meliaceae Tree NPLD Scarlet 3 Entandrophragma utile Efoobrodedwo Meliaceae Tree NPLD Scarlet 1 Erythrina mildbraedii Osorowa Papilionaceae Tree Pioneer Green 3 Ficus exasperata Nyankyerene Moraceae Tree Pioneer Green 5

74 Scientific name Local name Family Habit Guild Star Frequency Ficus sur Nwadua Moraceae Tree Pioneer Green 26 Funtumia elastica Fruntum Apocynaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 24 Greenwayodendron oliveri Duabiri Annonaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 1 Guarea cedrata Kwabohoro Meliaceae Tree Shade bearing Pink 16 Gurea cedrata Kwabohoro Meliaceae Tree Shade bearing Pink 8 Hannoa Klaineana Fotie Simaroubaceae Tree Pioneer Green 5 Heritiera utilis Nyankom Sterculiaceae Tree NPLD Red 13 Hexalobus crispflorus Duabaha Annonaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 1 Holoptelea grandis Nakwa Ulmaceae Tree Pioneer Pink 1 Hymenostegia afzelii Takorowa Caesalpiniaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 30 Irvingia gabonensis Abesebuo Irvingiaceae Tree NPLD Green 1 Khaya ivorensis Dubin Meliaceae Tree NPLD Scarlet 11 Mahogany Meliaceae Tree NPLD Scarlet 1 Kigelia africana Nufuten Bignonieceae Tree NPLD Green 8 Klainedoxa gabonensis Kroma Irvingiaceae Tree NPLD Green 1 Lannea welwitschii Kumanini Anacardiaceae Tree Pioneer Green 8 Maesobotrya barterii Apotrewa 1 Maesohotrya barteri Apotrewa Euphorbiaceae Tree Shade-bearing Green 1

75 Scientific name Local name Family Habit Guild Star Frequency Mansonia altissima Oprono Sterculiaceae Tree NPLD Pink 3 Mareya micrantha Dubrafo Euphorbiaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 2 Microdesmis puberula Ofema Pandaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 7 Milicia excelsa Odum Moraceae Tree Pioneer Scarlet 3 Monodora myristica Wedeaba Annonaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 3 Morus mesozygia Wonton Moraceae Tree Pioneer Pink 2 Musanga cecropioides Odwuma Moraceae Tree Pioneer Green 12 Myrianthus libericus Nyankumanini Moraceae Tree Shade bearing Green 1 Nauclea diderrichii Kusia Rubiaceae Tree Pioneer Scarlet 1 Nesogordonia papaverifera Danta Sterculiaceae Tree Shade bearing Pink 37 Newbouldia laevis Sesemasa Bignoniaceae Tree Pioneer Green 11 Octoknema borealis Wisuboni Olacaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 8 Parkia bicolor Asoma Mimosaceae Tree NPLD Green 1 Pentaclethra macrophylla Ataa Mimosaceae Tree NPLD Green 1 Penthaclethra macrophylla Ataa Mimosaceae Tree NPLD Green 1 Piptadeniastrum africanum Dahoma Mimosaceae Tree NPLD Pink 6 Pycnanthus angolensis Otie Myristicaceae Tree NPLD Pink 17 Rauvolfia vomitoria Kakapenpen Apocynaceae Tree Pioneer Green 1

76 Scientific name Local name Family Habit Guild Star Frequency Rhodognaphalon buonopozence Akata Bombaceae Tree Pioneer Green 2 Ricinodendron heudelotii Wama Euphorbiaceae Tree Pioneer Pink 50 Salacia africana Nnoto Celastraceae Climber Green 1 Scottellia klaineana Tiabutuo Flacourtiaceae Tree Shade bearing Pink 1 Sterculia oblonga Ohaa Sterculiaceae Tree NPLD Green 13 Sterculia rhinopetala Wawabima Sterculiaceae Tree NPLD Pink 32 Sterculia tragacantha Sofo Sterculiaceae Tree Pioneer Green 11 Strombosia glaucascens Afena Olalaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 7 Tabernaemontana africana Obonawa Apocynaceae Tree Shade bearing Green 1 Terminalia ivorensis Emire Combretaceae Tree Pioneer Red 2 Terminalia superba Ofram Combretaceae Tree Shade bearing Red 13 Terochidium didymostemon Anenedua Euphorbiaceae Tree Pioneer Green 1 Tetrapleura tetraptera Prekese Mimosaceae Tree Pioneer Green 1 Treculia africana Brebretim Moraceae Tree NPLD Green 2 Trema orientalis Sesea Ulmaceae Tree Pioneer Green 1 Trichilia monadelpha Tanuro Meliaceae Tree NPLD Green 46 Trichilia prieureana Kakadikuro Meliaceae Tree NPLD Green 71

77 Scientific name Local name Family Habit Guild Star Frequency Trilepisium madagascariense Okure Moraceae Tree NPLD Green 25 Triplochiton scleroxylon Wawa Sterculiaceae Tree Pioneer Scarlet 32 Xylia evansii Samantawa Mimosaceae Tree NPLD Blue 1 Unknown Mpawuofufuo 21 Unknown Nsononakoma 1 Unknown Sante 12 Unknown Twabere 1 Acacia pentagona Nwere Mimosaceae Liane NPLD Green 2 Adiantum incisum Ayanini weed 1 Aframomum standfieldii Sensam Zingiberaceae Climber/Herb Pioneer Blue 6 Aframomum sulcatum Nsome Zingiberaceae Herb Pioneer Blue 3 Chromolaena odorata Acheampong Asteraceae Shrub Green 1 Clerodendron capitatum Taasendua Verbenaceae Shrub Pioneer Green 2 Combretum tarquense Hweremo Combretaceae Climber Pioneer Gold 1 Dioclea reflexa Toasohoma Papilionaceae Liane Pioneer Green 12 Draceana arborea Ntonme Agavaceae Tree Pioneer Green 2 Eremospatha macrocarpa Mfea Palmae Liane Swamp Pink 2

78 Scientific name Local name Family Habit Guild Star Frequency Gongronema latifolium Ansurogya 3 Griffonia simplicifolia Kagya Caesalpiniaceae Climber NPLD Green 4 Habenaria macrandra Kyeretwe Orchidaceae Herb NPLD Green 4 Hypselodelphys poggeana Babadua Marantaceae Tree Pioneer Green 7 Kigelia africana Nwere Bignoniaceae Tree NPLD Green 2 Marantochloa leucantha Sibire Bignoniaceae Climber Pioneer Green 7 Millettia chrysophylla Sahoma Papilionaceae Liane NPLD Green 8 Parquetina nigrescens Abakamo 2 Psychotria aff. Calceata Kwasiata Rubiaceae Shrub Shade bearing Black 1 Salacia africana Nnoto Celastraceae Climber Green 1 Smalae claussiana Kokora Similacaceae Climber Pioneer Green 5 Strophanthus barteri Mmatwanua Apocynaceae Liane NPLD Green 1 Thaumatococcus daniellii Awonomo Marantaceae Herb Pioneer Red 5 Triclisia patens Kentenkreke Menispermaceae Climber Green 1 Grand Total 1,688

79 APPENDIX 8: STEM NUMBERS PER KM2 GROUPED ACCORDING TO CM DIAMETER CLASSES. TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE. SURVEY CONDUCTED IN MAY 2015

FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM GENUS SPECIES Local Name Albizia adianthifolia Pampena 90 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 Albizia zygia Okoro 90 1 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 Alstonia boonei Sinuro 110 1 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 0 Amphimas pterocarpoides Yaya 90 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 Aningeria spp. Asamfena 90 1 117 0 0 0 0 0 0 117 0 Antiaris toxicaria Kyenkyen 110 1 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 0 Antrocaryon micraster Aprokuma 90 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 Blighia sapida Akye 90 1 183 0 0 0 0 0 0 183 0 Canarium schweinfurthii Bediwonua 110 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 Ceiba pentandra Onyina 110 1 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 Celtis aldolfi-frider Esakosua 70 1 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 0 Celtis mildbraedii Esa 70 1 1534 0 0 0 0 0 0 1534 0 Celtis zenkeri Esakoko 70 1 133 0 0 0 0 0 0 133 0 Chrysophyllum albidum Akasaa 70 1 183 0 0 0 0 0 0 183 0 Cola gigantea Watapuo 70 1 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 0 Cordia millenii Tweneboa 70 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 Cylicodiscus gabunensis Denyao 70 1 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 Distemonanthus benthamianus Bonsamdua 90 1 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 Entandrophragma angolense Edinam 110 1 317 0 0 0 0 0 0 317 0 Entandrophragma candollei Penkwa-Akoa 110 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 Entandrophragma cylindricum Penkwa 110 1 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0

80 FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM GENUS SPECIES Local Name Entandrophragma utile Efoobrodedwo 110 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Guarea cedrata Kwabohoro 90 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 Guibortia ehie Anokye-Hyedua 90 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heretiera utilis Nyankom 70 1 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 Khaya ivorensis Dubini 110 1 117 0 0 0 0 0 0 117 0 Lannea welwitschii Kumnini 70 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 Mansonia altissima Oprono 90 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 Milicia excelsa Odum 110 1 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 Morus mesozygia Wonton 90 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 Nauclea diderrichii Kusia 110 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 Nesogordonia papaverifera Danta 70 1 283 0 0 0 0 0 0 283 0 Piptadeniastrum africanum Dahoma 70 1 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 0 Pterygota macrocarpa Kyereye 70 1 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 0 Pycnanthus angolensis Otie 70 1 183 0 0 0 0 0 0 183 0 Sterculia Oblongata Ohaa 70 1 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 0 Sterculia rhinopetala Wawabima 70 1 483 0 0 0 0 0 0 483 0 Strombosia glaucescens Afena 20 1 117 0 0 0 0 0 0 117 0 Terminalia ivorensis Emire 90 1 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 Terminalia superba Ofram 90 1 133 0 0 0 0 0 0 133 0 Triplochiton scleroxylon Wawa 90 1 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 0 SUB TOTAL 1 6,068 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,068 0

Anthonotha fragrans Totoronini 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Anthonotha macrophylla Totoro 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

81 FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM GENUS SPECIES Local Name Anthostema aubryanum Kyirikusa 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Baphia nitida Odwen 2 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33

Baphia pubescens Odwenkobiri 2 133 0 0 0 0 0 0 133

Blighia welwitschii Akyekobiri 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100

Bridelia spp. Opamkotokrodu 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Broussonetia papyrifera York 2 5318 0 0 0 0 0 0 5318

Calpocalyx brevibracteatu Atrotre 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Cleidion gabonicum Mpawu 2 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 83

Cleistopholis patens Ngonenkyene 2 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33

Coelocaryon oxycarpum Abruma 2 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 50

Cola caricifolia Osonkurobia 2 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 67

Cola nitida Bese 2 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33

Corynanthe pachyceras Pampenama 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Dacryodes klaineana Adwea 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Discoglypremna caloneura Fetefre 2 133 0 0 0 0 0 0 133

Dracaena arborea Ntonme 2 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 50

Elaeis guineensis Abe 2 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33

Erythrina spp. Osorowa 2 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 50

Ficus exasperata Nyankyerene 2 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 50

Ficus sur Nwadua 2 367 0 0 0 0 0 0 367

Funtumia elastica Fruntum 2 367 0 0 0 0 0 0 367

Greenwayodendro oliveri Duabiri 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Hannoa klaineana Fotie 90 2 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 0

82 FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM GENUS SPECIES Local Name Hexalobus crispiflorus Duabaha 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Hymenostegia afzelii Takorowa 2 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 250

Kigelia africana Nufuten 2 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 83

Lannea welwitschii Kumanini 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100

Lonchocarpus sericeus Sante 2 117 0 0 0 0 0 0 117

Maesobotrya barteri Apotrewa 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Mareya micrantha Dubrafo 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microdesmis puberula Ofema 2 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 67

Monodora myristica Wedeaba 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Musanga cecropioides Odwuma 2 117 0 0 0 0 0 0 117

Myrianthus libericus Nyankumanini 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Newbouldia laevis Sesemasa 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100

Octoknema borealis Wisuboni 2 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 67

Pseudospondias microcarpa Katawani 2 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33

Rauvolfia vomitoria Kakapenpen 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Ricinodendron heudelotii Wama 110 2 517 0 0 0 0 0 0 517 0 Scottellia klaineana Tiabutuo 70 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 Sterculia tragacantha Sofo 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100

Tabernaemontana africana Obonawa 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Tetrapleura tetraptera Prekese 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Tetrorchidium didymostemon Anenedua 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Treculia africana Brebretim 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Trema orientalis Sesea 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

83 FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM GENUS SPECIES Local Name Trichilia monadelpha Tandro 2 550 0 0 0 0 0 0 550

Trichilia prieuriana Kakadikuro 2 917 0 0 0 0 0 0 917

Trilepisium madagascarien. Okure 2 183 0 0 0 0 0 0 183

Vernonia amygdalina Awonwene 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Xylia evansii Abobabema 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

Xylia evansii Samantawa 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 17

SUM TOTAL 2 10,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,535 0

GRAND TOTAL 16,603 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,603 0

84 APPENDIX 9: BASAL AREA IN M2 PER KM2 GROUPED ACCORDING TO CM DIAMETER CLASSES. TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE. SURVEY CONDUCTED IN MAY 2015

GENUS SPECIES Local Name FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM Albizia adianthifolia Pampena 90 1 2.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.45 0.00 Albizia zygia Okoro 90 1 6.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.17 0.00 Alstonia boonei Sinuro 110 1 4.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.06 0.00 Amphimas pterocarpoides Yaya 90 1 1.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.72 0.00 Aningeria spp. Asamfena 90 1 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 0.00 Antiaris toxicaria Kyenkyen 110 1 2.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.62 0.00 Antrocaryon micraster Aprokuma 90 1 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.00 Blighia sapida Akye 90 1 5.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.14 0.00 Canarium schweinfurthii Bediwonua 110 1 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.00 Ceiba pentandra Onyina 110 1 5.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.91 0.00 Celtis aldolfi-frider Esakosua 70 1 7.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.46 0.00 Celtis mildbraedii Esa 70 1 50.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.59 0.00 Celtis zenkeri Esakoko 70 1 4.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.46 0.00 Chrysophyllum albidum Akasaa 70 1 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 Cola gigantea Watapuo 70 1 2.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.08 0.00 Cordia millenii Tweneboa 70 1 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.00 Cylicodiscus gabunensis Denyao 70 1 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.00 Distemonanthus benthamianus Bonsamdua 90 1 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.00 Entandrophragma angolense Edinam 110 1 11.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.51 0.00 Entandrophragma candollei Penkwa-Akoa 110 1 1.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.67 0.00 Entandrophragma cylindricum Penkwa 110 1 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.00 Entandrophragma utile Efoobrodedwo 110 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Guarea cedrata Kwabohoro 90 1 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.00 Guibortia ehie Anokye-Hyedua 90 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

85 GENUS SPECIES Local Name FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM Heretiera utilis Nyankom 70 1 6.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.65 0.00 Khaya ivorensis Dubini 110 1 3.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.21 0.00 Lannea welwitschii Kumnini 70 1 4.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.25 0.00 Mansonia altissima Oprono 90 1 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.00 Milicia excelsa Odum 110 1 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.00 Morus mesozygia Wonton 90 1 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 Nauclea diderrichii Kusia 110 1 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.00 Nesogordonia papaverifera Danta 70 1 8.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.54 0.00 Piptadeniastrum africanum Dahoma 70 1 2.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.93 0.00 Pterygota macrocarpa+ Kyereye 70 1 2.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.84 0.00 Pycnanthus angolensis Otie 70 1 5.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.34 0.00 Sterculia Oblongata Ohaa 70 1 1.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.98 0.00 Sterculia rhinopetala Wawabima 70 1 10.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.22 0.00 Strombosia glaucescens Afena 20 1 1.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 Terminalia ivorensis Emire 90 1 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.08 0.00 Terminalia superba Ofram 90 1 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.10 0.00 Triplochiton scleroxylon Wawa 90 1 10.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.02 0.00 SUB TOTAL 1 183.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 183.48 0.00

Anthonotha fragrans Totoronini 2 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.69

Anthonotha macrophylla Totoro 2 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45

Anthostema aubryanum Kyirikusa 2 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43

Baphia nitida Odwen 2 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.73

Baphia pubescens Odwenkobiri 2 2.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.29

Blighia welwitschii Akyekobiri 2 3.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.46

Opamkotokrod 2 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 Bridelia spp. u Broussonetia papyrifera York 2 141.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 141.77

86 GENUS SPECIES Local Name FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM Calpocalyx brevibracteatu Atrotre 2 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.05

Cleidion gabonicum Mpawu 2 1.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17

Cleistopholis patens Ngonenkyene 2 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.20

Coelocaryon oxycarpum Abruma 2 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.03

Cola caricifolia Osonkurobia 2 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.30

Cola nitida Bese 2 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.08

Corynanthe pachyceras Pampenama 2 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66

Dacryodes klaineana Adwea 2 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35

Discoglypremna caloneura Fetefre 2 2.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.97

Dracaena arborea Ntonme 2 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.90

Elaeis guineensis Abe 2 1.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.28

Erythrina spp. Osorowa 2 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98

Ficus exasperata Nyankyerene 2 1.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.22

Ficus sur Nwadua 2 10.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.59

Funtumia elastica Fruntum 2 10.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.09

Greenwayodendro oliveri Duabiri 2 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27

Hannoa klaineana Fotie 90 2 1.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.99 0.00 Hexalobus crispiflorus Duabaha 2 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31

Hymenostegia afzelii Takorowa 2 4.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.77

Kigelia africana Nufuten 2 1.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.22

Lannea welwitschii Kumanini 2 4.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.25

Lonchocarpus sericeus Sante 2 3.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.04

Maesobotrya barteri Apotrewa 2 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38

Mareya micrantha Dubrafo 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Microdesmis puberula Ofema 2 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93

Monodora myristica Wedeaba 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Musanga cecropioides Odwuma 2 3.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.43

87 GENUS SPECIES Local Name FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM Myrianthus libericus Nyankumanini 2 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43

Newbouldia laevis Sesemasa 2 2.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.18

Octoknema borealis Wisuboni 2 1.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.76

Pseudospondias microcarpa Katawani 2 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88

Rauvolfia vomitoria Kakapenpen 2 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35

Ricinodendron heudelotii Wama 110 2 18.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.32 0.00 Scottellia klaineana Tiabutuo 70 2 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 Sterculia tragacantha Sofo 2 3.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.66

Tabernaemontana africana Obonawa 2 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25

Tetrapleura tetraptera Prekese 2 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53

Tetrorchidium didymostemon Anenedua 2 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44

Treculia africana Brebretim 2 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.54

Trema orientalis Sesea 2 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42

Trichilia monadelpha Tandro 2 17.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.37

Trichilia prieuriana Kakadikuro 2 23.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.90

Trilepisium madagascarien. Okure 2 7.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.70

Vernonia amygdalina Awonwene 2 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43

Xylia evansii Abobabema 2 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20

Xylia evansii Samantawa 2 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20

SUB TOTAL 2 287.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 287.59 0.00

GRAND TOTAL 471.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 471.07 0.00

88 APPENDIX 10: VOLUME IN M3PER KM2 GROUPED ACCORDING TO CM DIAMETER CLASSES. TINTE BEPO FOREST RESERVE. SURVEY CONDUCTED IN MAY 2015

FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM GENUS SPECIES Local Name Albizia adianthifolia Pampena 90 1 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 Albizia zygia Okoro 90 1 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 0 Alstonia boonei Sinuro 110 1 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 0 Amphimas pterocarpoides Yaya 90 1 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 Aningeria spp. Asamfena 90 1 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 Antiaris toxicaria Kyenkyen 110 1 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 Antrocaryon micraster Aprokuma 90 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 Blighia sapida Akye 90 1 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 0 Canarium schweinfurthii Bediwonua 110 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Ceiba pentandra Onyina 110 1 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 0 Celtis aldolfi-frider Esakosua 70 1 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 0 Celtis mildbraedii Esa 70 1 553 0 0 0 0 0 0 553 0 Celtis zenkeri Esakoko 70 1 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 0 Chrysophyllum albidum Akasaa 70 1 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 0 Cola gigantea Watapuo 70 1 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 Cordia millenii Tweneboa 70 1 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 Cylicodiscus gabunensis Denyao 70 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 Distemonanthus benthamianus Bonsamdua 90 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 Entandrophragma angolense Edinam 110 1 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0 Entandrophragma candollei Penkwa-Akoa 110 1 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 Entandrophragma cylindricum Penkwa 110 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 Entandrophragma utile Efoobrodedwo 110 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Guarea cedrata Kwabohoro 90 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Guibortia ehie Anokye-Hyedua 90 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heretiera utilis Nyankom 70 1 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 73 0 Khaya ivorensis Dubini 110 1 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0

89 FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM GENUS SPECIES Local Name Lannea welwitschii Kumnini 70 1 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 0 Mansonia altissima Oprono 90 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 Milicia excelsa Odum 110 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 Morus mesozygia Wonton 90 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Nauclea diderrichii Kusia 110 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 Nesogordonia papaverifera Danta 70 1 93 0 0 0 0 0 0 93 0 Piptadeniastrum africanum Dahoma 70 1 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 Pterygota macrocarpa+ Kyereye 70 1 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 Pycnanthus angolensis Otie 70 1 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 58 0 Sterculia Oblongata Ohaa 70 1 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 Sterculia rhinopetala Wawabima 70 1 107 0 0 0 0 0 0 107 0 Strombosia glaucescens Afena 20 1 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 Terminalia ivorensis Emire 90 1 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 Terminalia superba Ofram 90 1 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 0 Triplochiton scleroxylon Wawa 90 1 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 0 1,998 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,998 0 SUB TOTAL 1 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Anthonotha fragrans Totoronini 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Anthonotha macrophylla Totoro 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Anthostema aubryanum Kyirikusa 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Baphia nitida Odwen 2 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 Baphia pubescens Odwenkobiri 2 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 Blighia welwitschii Akyekobiri 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Bridelia spp. Opamkotokrodu 2 1,526 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,526 Broussonetia papyrifera York 2 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Calpocalyx brevibracteatu Atrotre 2 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Cleidion gabonicum Mpawu 2 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Cleistopholis patens Ngonenkyene 2 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Coelocaryon oxycarpum Abruma 2 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 Cola caricifolia Osonkurobia

90 FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM GENUS SPECIES Local Name 2 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Cola nitida Bese 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Corynanthe pachyceras Pampenama 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Dacryodes klaineana Adwea 2 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 Discoglypremna caloneura Fetefre 2 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 Dracaena arborea Ntonme 2 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 Elaeis guineensis Abe 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Erythrina spp. Osorowa 2 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Ficus exasperata Nyankyerene 2 114 0 0 0 0 0 0 114 Ficus sur Nwadua 2 109 0 0 0 0 0 0 109 Funtumia elastica Fruntum 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Greenwayodendro oliveri Duabiri Hannoa klaineana Fotie 90 2 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Hexalobus crispiflorus Duabaha 2 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 Hymenostegia afzelii Takorowa 2 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Kigelia africana Nufuten 2 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 Lannea welwitschii Kumanini 2 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 Lonchocarpus sericeus Sante 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Maesobotrya barteri Apotrewa 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mareya micrantha Dubrafo 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Microdesmis puberula Ofema 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monodora myristica Wedeaba 2 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 Musanga cecropioides Odwuma 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Myrianthus libericus Nyankumanini 2 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 Newbouldia laevis Sesemasa 2 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 Octoknema borealis Wisuboni 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Pseudospondias microcarpa Katawani 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Rauvolfia vomitoria Kakapenpen Ricinodendron heudelotii Wama 110 2 203 0 0 0 0 0 0 203 0 Scottellia klaineana Tiabutuo 70 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0

91 FLIMITS Class 10-29.9 30-49.9 50-69.9 70.89.9 90-109.9 110-129.9 >=130 Total >=FLIM GENUS SPECIES Local Name 2 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 Sterculia tragacantha Sofo 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Tabernaemontana africana Obonawa 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Tetrapleura tetraptera Prekese 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Tetrorchidium didymostemon Anenedua 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Treculia africana Brebretim 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Trema orientalis Sesea 2 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 Trichilia monadelpha Tandro 2 258 0 0 0 0 0 0 258 Trichilia prieuriana Kakadikuro 2 86 0 0 0 0 0 0 86 Trilepisium madagascarien Okure 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Vernonia amygdalina Awonwene 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Xylia evansii Abobabema 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Xylia evansii Samantawa 3106 0 0 0 0 0 0 3106 0 SUB TOTAL 2 5104 0 0 0 0 0 0 5104 0 GRAND TOTAL

92 APPENDIX 11: TONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT PER HA OF ALL SPECIES >= 10 CM DBH.

GROUPED ACCORDING TO SPECIES - TINTE FOREST RESERVE.

SURVEY CONDUCTED IN MAY 2015

Genus Species Local name Carbon (tons/Ha) tCO2e/Ha

Albizia zygia Okoro 0.12 0.44 Albizia adianthifolia Pampena 0.08 0.29 Alstonia boonei Onyame-dua 0.12 0.44 Amphimas pterocarpoides Yaya 0.07 0.26 Aningeria spp. Asamfena 0.09 0.33 Anthonotha macrophylla Totoro 0.02 0.06 Anthonotha fragrans Totoronini 0.03 0.11 Anthostema aubryanum Kyirikusa 0.02 0.06 Antiaris toxicaria Kyenkyen 0.07 0.25 Antrocaryon micraster Aprokuma 0.03 0.10 Baphia nitida Odwen 0.03 0.09 Baphia pubescens Odwenkobiri 0.07 0.27 Blighia sapida Akye 0.20 0.73 Blighia welwitschii Akyekobiri 0.14 0.52 Bridelia spp. Opamkotokrodu 0.01 0.04 Broussonetia papyrifera York 3.77 13.84 Calpocalyx brevibracteatu Atrotre 0.05 0.18 Canarium schweinfurthii Bediwonua 0.01 0.02 Ceiba pentandra Onyina 0.19 0.69 Celtis mildbraedii Esa 1.80 6.59 Celtis aldolfi-frider Esakokoo 0.02 0.06 Celtis zenkeri Esakokoo 0.17 0.61 Celtis aldolfi-frider Esakosua 0.26 0.96 Chrysophyllum albidum Akasa 0.15 0.54 Cleidion gabonicum Mpawu 0.04 0.13 Cleistopholis patens Ngonenkyene 0.05 0.17 Coelocaryon oxycarpum Cedrella 0.04 0.14 Cola caricifolia Ananseaya 0.04 0.16

93 Genus Species Local name Carbon (tons/Ha) tCO2e/Ha

Cola nitida Bese 0.04 0.15 Cola gigantea Watapuo 0.08 0.29 Cordia millenii Tweneboa-nini 0.05 0.18 Corynanthe pachyceras Pampenama 0.03 0.10 Cylicodiscus gabunensis Denya 0.03 0.11 Dacryodes klaineana Adwea 0.01 0.04 Discoglypremna caloneura Fetefre 0.10 0.35 Distemonanthus benthamianus Bonsamdua 0.02 0.07 Dracaena arborea Ntonme 0.06 0.23 Elaeis guineensis Abe 0.06 0.20 Entandrophragma angolense Edinam 0.33 1.22 Entandrophragma cylindricum Penkwa 0.03 0.10 Entandrophragma candollei Penkwa Akoa 0.06 0.23 Erythrina spp. Osorowa 0.02 0.09 Ficus sur Nwadua 0.50 1.83 Ficus exasperata Nyankyerene 0.03 0.11 Funtumia elastica Fruntum 0.28 1.03 Greenwayodendr 0.01 0.04 o oliveri Duabiri Guarea cedrata Kwabohoro 0.01 0.03 Hannoa klaineana Fotie 0.09 0.34 Heretiera utilis Nyankom 0.19 0.68 Hexalobus crispiflorus Duabaha 0.01 0.04 Hymenostegia afzelii Takrowa 0.19 0.69 Khaya ivorensis Dubin 0.09 0.34 Kigelia africana Nufutene 0.04 0.14 Lannea welwitschii Kumanini 0.40 1.46 Lonchocarpus sericeus SAnte 0.13 0.48 Maesobotrya barteri Apotrewa 0.01 0.05 Mansonia altissima Oprono 0.03 0.11 Microdesmis puberula Ofema 0.03 0.10 Milicia excelsa Odum 0.02 0.07 Morus mesozygia Wonton 0.01 0.02 Musanga cecropioides Odwuma 0.18 0.67

94 Genus Species Local name Carbon (tons/Ha) tCO2e/Ha

Myrianthus libericus Nyankumanini 0.02 0.06 Nauclea diderrichii Kusia 0.01 0.04 Nesogordonia papaverifera Danta 0.38 1.38 Newbouldia laevis Sesemasa 0.04 0.15 Octoknema borealis Wisuboni 0.08 0.30 Piptadeniastrum africanum Dahoma 0.12 0.44 Pseudospondias microcarpa Akatawanini 0.03 0.12 Pterygota macrocarpa+ Kyereye (Koto) 0.07 0.24 Pycnanthus angolensis Otie 0.18 0.65 Rauvolfia vomitoria Kakapenpen 0.01 0.04 Ricinodendron heudelotii Wama 0.63 2.33 Scottellia klaineana Tiabutuo 0.01 0.03 Sterculia Oblongata Ohaa 0.08 0.29 Sterculia tragacantha Sofo 0.10 0.37 Sterculia rhinopetala Wawabima 0.23 0.85 Strombosia glaucescens Afena 0.05 0.19 Tabernaemontana africana Obonawa 0.01 0.03 Terminalia ivorensis Emire 0.03 0.12 Terminalia superba Ofram 0.12 0.42 Tetrapleura tetraptera Prekese 0.02 0.07 Tetrorchidium didymostemon Anenedua 0.01 0.05 Treculia africana Brebretim 0.01 0.05 Trema orientalis Sesea 0.01 0.04 Trichilia prieuriana Kakadikro 0.48 1.76 Trichilia monadelpha Tanuro 0.45 1.65 Trilepisium madagascarien. Okure 0.20 0.73 Triplochiton scleroxylon Wawa 0.21 0.78 Vernonia amygdalina Awonyono 0.01 0.04 Xylia evansii Samantawa 0.01 0.03 Total 14.43 52.96 Juvinile trees 5.74 21.07 Total 20.17 74.02

95 APPENDIX 12: BIRDS (FAUNA SURVEY, MAY 2015.) RELATIVE RELATIVE RELATIVE FAMILY COMMON NAME CLOSED DEGRADED OPEN ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE ACCIPITRIDAE African Goshawk 1 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 Lizard Buzzard 3 1.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 Harrier Hawk 0 0.0 1 1.3 1 0.5 ALCEDINIDAE Blue-breasted Kingfisher 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 Woodland Kingfisher 1 0.6 0 0.0 3 1.6 African Pigmy Kingfisher 0 0.0 1 1.3 1 0.5 APODIDAE Common Swift 0 0.0 2 2.5 0 0.0 BUCEROTIDAE African Pied Hornbill 26 14.4 1 1.3 13 7.0 White-crested Hornbill 2 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 CAPITONIDAE Yellow-billed Barbet 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 Speckled Tinkerbird 2 1.1 1 1.3 2 1.1 Naked-faced Barbet 7 3.9 1 1.3 31 16.8 Red-rumped Tinkerbird 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 Bristle-nosed Barbet 1 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 Yellow-throated 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 Tinkerbird Hairy-breasted Barbet 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 Vieillotis Barbet 0 0.0 1 1.3 3 1.6 Yellow-spotted Barbet 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.5 COLUMBIDAE Red-eyed dove 7 3.9 1 1.3 11 5.9 Bronze-naped Pigeon 1 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 Tambourine dove 1 0.6 1 1.3 2 1.1 Blue-headed Dove 2 1.1 0 0.0 1 0.5

96 RELATIVE RELATIVE RELATIVE FAMILY COMMON NAME CLOSED DEGRADED OPEN ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE African Green Pigeon 3 1.7 2 2.5 7 3.8 Laughing dove 2 1.1 0 0.0 2 1.1 Blue-headed Wood Dove 1 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 CISTICOLIDAE Olive-green Cameroptera 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 Yellow-browned 1 0.6 1 1.3 0 0.0 Cameroptera Sharpe's Apalis 3 1.7 0 0.0 2 1.1 Black-capped Apalis 2 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Tawny-flanked Prinia 0 0.0 1 1.3 1 0.5 Grey-backed Cameroptera 0 0.0 1 1.3 1 0.5 CORACIIDAE Broad-billed Roller 1 0.6 0 0.0 2 1.1 Blue-throated Roller 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.5 CORVIDAE Pied Crow 2 1.1 8 10.1 0 0.0 CUCULIDAE Yellowbill 2 1.1 2 2.5 2 1.1 Black-throated Coucal 2 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 African Emerald Cuckoo 2 1.1 2 2.5 4 2.2 Klaas's Cuckoo 2 1.1 1 1.3 3 1.6 Didric Cuckoo 1 0.6 1 1.3 1 0.5 Senegal Coucal 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.5 Red-chested Cuckoo 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.5 DICRURIDAE Velvet-mantled Drongo 11 6.1 2 2.5 4 2.2 Shining Drongo 7 3.9 2 2.5 2 1.1 ESTRILDIDAE Grey-headed Negrofinch 1 0.6 2 2.5 1 0.5 Chestnut-breasted 0 0.0 1 1.3 0 0.0 Negrofinch MALACONOTIDAE Brown-crowned Tchagra 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.5

97 RELATIVE RELATIVE RELATIVE FAMILY COMMON NAME CLOSED DEGRADED OPEN ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE MEROPIDAE White-throated Bee-eater 0 0.0 17 21.5 20 10.8 MONARCHIDAE Red-bellied Paradise 2 1.1 0 0.0 1 0.5 Flycatcher MUSCICAPIDAE Dusky-blue Flycatcher 1 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 Ussher's Flycatcher 1 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 Spotted Flycatcher 0 0.0 1 1.3 0 0.0 Little-grey Flycatcher 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 1.6 MUSOPHAGIDAE Green Turaco 3 1.7 0 0.0 1 0.5 NECTARINIIDAE Buff-throated sunbird 1 0.6 0 0.0 2 1.1 Beautiful Sunbird 2 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Olive Sunbird 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 1.1 ORIOLIDAE Western Black-headed 3 1.7 1 1.3 2 1.1 Oriole Black-winged Oriole 1 0.6 1 1.3 1 0.5 PHASIANIDAE Ahanta Francolin 0 0.0 2 2.5 0 0.0 PICIDAE Fire-bellied Woodpecker 2 1.1 0 0.0 2 1.1 Buff-spotted Woodpecker 6 3.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 PLATYSTEIRIDAE Black-and-White 2 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Flycatcher Common Wattle-eye 2 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Chestnut Wattle-eye 2 1.1 0 0.0 1 0.5 PLOCEIDAE Red-headed Malimbe 8 4.4 4 5.1 0 0.0 Black-necked Weaver 0 0.0 3 3.8 0 0.0 Vieillotis Black Weaver 0 0.0 1 1.3 0 0.0 Yellow-mantled Weaver 0 0.0 2 2.5 0 0.0 PRIONOPIDAE Red-billed Helmet shrike 10 5.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 PYCNONOTIDAE Simple Leaflove 1 0.6 0 0.0 3 1.6

98 RELATIVE RELATIVE RELATIVE FAMILY COMMON NAME CLOSED DEGRADED OPEN ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE Swamp Palm Bulbul 2 1.1 0 0.0 1 0.5 IcterineGreenbul 2 1.1 2 2.5 1 0.5 Little Greenbul 1 0.6 2 2.5 2 1.1 Western Bearded Greenbul 3 1.7 1 1.3 0 0.0 Slender-billed Greenbul 6 3.3 0 0.0 5 2.7 Western Nicatar 2 1.1 0 0.0 1 0.5 Common Garden Bulbul 0 0.0 2 2.5 11 5.9 PSITTACIDAE Green Parrot 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 RALIIDAE White-spotted Flufftail 1 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 STURNIDAE Splendid Glossy Starling 5 2.8 0 0.0 4 2.2 SYLVIIDAE Green Hylia 1 0.6 1 1.3 3 1.6 Green Crombec 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 Grey Longbill 0 0.0 1 1.3 0 0.0 TIMALIIDAE Brown Illadopsis 1 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 TURDIDAE Forest Robin 1 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 Forest scrab Robin 1 0.6 0 0.0 2 1.1 African Thrush 0 0.0 2 2.5 1 0.5 White-tailed Alethe 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.5 ZOSTEROPIDAE Yellow White-eye 1 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 TOTAL 180 100.0 79 100.0 185 100.0

99 APPENDIX 12 B: MAMMALS (FAUNA SURVEY, MAY 2015.) COMMON NAME CLOSE REL. DEGRADE REL. OPEN REL. FAMILY D ABUNDANCE D ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE Bushbuck 4 25.0 4 50.00 5 27.8 Maxwell's duiker 3 18.8 0 0.00 3 16.7 ARTIODACTYLA Black Duiker 1 6.3 1 12.50 1 5.6 Bay Duiker 0 0.0 0 0.00 1 5.6 Brush Tail Porcupine 1 6.3 2 25.00 3 16.7 RODENTIA Giant Forest Squirrel 0 0.0 0 0.00 2 11.1 Triscuspid Pangolin* 1 6.3 0 0.00 0 0.0 PHOLIDOTA Tree Pangolin* 1 6.3 0 0.00 0 0.0 PRIMATA Mona Monkey* 1 6.3 0 0.00 0 0.0 Civet Cat 2 12.5 0 0.00 1 5.6 Forest Genet 1 6.3 0 0.00 1 5.6 CARNIVORA Mash Mongoose 1 6.3 0 0.00 1 5.6 Cusimanse 0 0.0 1 12.50 0 0.0 Mongoose

100 TINTE BEPO MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016 - 2026 BUDGET

ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) 3.1 PRODUCTION ZONE: To manage the reserve on the basis of utmost sustained yield and to increase the proportion of economic timber species, non-timber produce and lesser used species for the benefit of stakeholders. 3.1.1 To sustainably manage approximately 339.21ha of productive natural forest area to yield an estimated 7,200m3 of harvestable volume of timber in the Reserve within three years which has a potential of generating revenue of Sixty-Three Thousand Ghana Cedis (GH¢63,000.00). 3.1.1.1 Carry out compartment Survey km 14.40 100.00 1,440.00 Chainsaw, Lum 23,500.00 24,940.00 and pillaring Cutlass, p GPS, sum Presmatic compass, Linear tape 3.1.1.2 Carry out 100% yield marking ha 339.21 50.00 16,960.50 Wellington Lum 20,000.00 36,960.50 of all timber species above Boots, p 50cm dbh. Raincoat,Un sum iform, Scriber 3.1.1.3 Monitor and supervise timber compt. 3 3,900.00 11,700.00 Field books, Lum 1,500.00 13,200.00 harvesting operations Diameter p Tape, Long sum Tape Measure, 3.1.1.4 Carry out Post Harvest Checks compt. 3 1,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 and issue compartment closure certificate. Sub-Total 33,100.50 45,000.00 78,100.50

3.1.2 To restock harvested or disturbed compartments (open canopies and low stocking) with desirable commercial species, and regeneration assessment carried out every two (2) years. Inducing Natural Regeneration (ha) 3.1.2.1 Undertake natural regeneration through assessment of ha 100 100.00 10,000.00 - - - - 10,000.00 regenerative capacity of timber species 3.1.2.2 Undertake Enrichment Planting of economic ha 2,914.84 120.00 349,780.80 Selected 100.0 781 78,100.00 427,880.80 indigenous timber species at a spacing of 8m X 8m Indigenous 0 (Ceiba, Celtis,chenchen) species, Headpan, Mattock

101 ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) 3..1.2. Undertake coppice Management of tree species with ha 200 500.00 100,000.00 Ladder, 1,000 2 2,000.00 102,000.00 3 potential to coppice shoots like Wawa, Ceiba Cutlass, .00 Chainsaw Sub-Total 459,780.80 80,100.00 539,880.80

TOTAL PRODUCTION 492,881.30 125,100.00 617,981.30

3.2 PROTECTION ZONE: To improve the protective functions of the forest ecosystems and ensure biodiversity conservation and environmental service functions of the reserve. 3.2.1 To maintain the external and internal boundaries of the Reserve. 3.2.1.1 Erect Reserve Sign Post at key entry points of the Lumpsum Sign Post 800.0 20 16,000.00 16,000.00 reserve 0 3.2.1.2 Identify defaced, broken and missing boundary pillars Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00

3.2.1.3 Replacement of defaced, broken and missing Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 boundary pillars within the first five years of the plan period. 3.2.1.4 Clean a total external boundary perimeter of 64.62km km 64.62 168.75 10,904.63 10,904.75 twice a year. 3.2.1.5 Inspect a total external boundary perimeter of km 64.62 12.50 807.75 807.75 64.62km twice a year. 3.2.1.6 Patrol a total external boundary perimeter of 64.62km km 64.62 7.50 484.65 484.75 twice a year. 3.2.1.7 Plant 34km of external and 10.56km of internal km 34 75.00 2,550.00 Seedlings 1.00 5,000 5,000.00 7,550.00 boundaries with desirable tree species each year within the plan period. Sub-Total 34,747.03 21,000.00 55,747.25 3.2.2 To safeguard individual species using fine grain protection measures and exemption from exploitation. 3.2.2.1 Protect key (star rated) species identified in the Forest Lumpsum 20,000.00 20,000.00 Reserve areas and conduct enrichment planting where necessary. 3.2.2.2 Study the natural regeneration of potential timber Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 species. 3.2.2.3 Tend natural regenerated timber seedlings to enhance Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 growth.

102 ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) 3.2.2.4 Identify environmental factors enhancing and limiting Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 regeneration ability of the species. 3.2.2.5 Enforce hunting regulation during the close season. Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 Sub-Total 60,000.00 60,000.00 3.2.3 To protect the entire hilly area of the Reserve comprising of 26 compartments for ecological value for both flora and fauna. 3.2.3.1 Collection of NTFPS will be restricted to domestic Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 use. 3.2.3.2 No logging will be allowed in this area. Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 3.2.3.3 Encroachment will not be entertained. Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 Sub-Total 15,000.00 15,000.00 3.2.4 To protect the swamp area of the Reserve comprising 112.04ha. 3.2.4.1 No logging will be allowed in this area. Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 3.2.4.1 Hunting of wildlife will be restricted. Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 3.2.4.1 Trees located within 25m and 50m at both banks of Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 streams will not be allowed for felling. Sub-Total 15,000.00 15,000.00 3.2.5 To manage the catchment areas of the streams to improve water quality, ensure continuous flow of water along the streams and prevent them from drying up. 3.2.5.1 Maintain water flow and reduce sedimentation of the Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 streams within the Reserve by planting fast growing, evergreen trees with high water-use efficiency, and fire resistant tree species along the banks of streams at appropriate off-set distances. Tree species such as subaha is recommendable for this buffer planting. 3.2.5.1 Ensure that no tree is felled within 50m on both sides Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 of streams and 25m on both sides of streams as prescribed in the logging manual.

103 ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) 3.2.5.1 Undertake regular monitoring of buffer zones of the Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 streams.

Sub-Total 20,000.00 20,000.00 3.2.6 To implement wildfire preventive measures in the entire Forest Reserve in collaboration with the communities. 3.2.6.1 Pre- suppression activities shall include construction Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 of green firebreaks, clearing of firebreaks, fire tracing, and early burning.

3.2.6.2 Form and organize Fire Volunteer Squads (FVS) for Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 the fringe communities through collaboration with FC, GNFS and the District Assembly.

3.2.6.3 Construct Fire Ride Km 10 1,250.00 12,500.00 12,500.00 3.2.6.4 Maintain Fire Ride Km 10 750.00 7,500.00 7,500.00 3.2.6.5 Educate and sensitize communities on the need to Lumpsum 40,000.00 40,000.00 prevent wildfires. Sub-Total 80,000.00 80,000.00 3.2.7 To eradicate invasive species

3.2.7.1 Chemical treatment (glyphosphate-based) will be Lumpsum Chemicals 20,000.00 20,000.00 used for the eradication of Broussonetia papyrifera (York) and Chromolaena odorata (Acheampong) which have invaded some open patches in the Reserve.

Sub-Total 20,000.00 TOTAL PROTECTION 265,747.25 3.3 REFORESTATION ZONE: To ensure the restoration of degraded forest areas through reforestation. 3.3.1 To reforest forty (40) degraded compartments covering an area of 5,370.46ha.

104 ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) 3.3.1.1 Carry out survey and demarcation ha 5,370.46 150.00 805,569.00 Vehicle - - 200.00 805,769.00 (Fuel) 3.3.1.2 Undertake Land /site Preparation ha 5,370.46 1,000.00 5,370,460.00 Vehicle - - 1,000.00 5,371,460.00 (Fuel) 3.3.1.3 Cut Pegs to cover area prepared (781/Ha) No. 4,194,330 100.00 419,433,000.00 Seedlings 0.50 4,194,330 2,097,165.0 421,530,165.00 Procurement 0 3.3.1.4 Carry out Pegging in area prepared ha 5,370.46 150.00 805,569.00 Vehicle - - 200.00 805,769.00 (Fuel) 3.3.1.5 Distribution of Potted Seedlings No. 5,370.46 100.00 537,046.00 Vehicle - - 200.00 537,246.00 (Fuel) 3.3.1.6 Plant Potted Seedlings ha 5,370.46 150.00 805,569.00 Vehicle - - 1,000.00 806,569.00 (Fuel) 3.3.1.7 Carry out Survival Survey ha 5,370.46 50.00 268,523.00 Vehicle - - 200.00 268,723.00 (Fuel) 3.3.1.8 Beat up where mortalility is high. ha 5,370.46 50.00 268,523.00 Vehicle - - 200.00 268,723.00 (Fuel) 3.3.1.9 Construct Fire Ride to protect plantations from Km 649.83 1,250.00 812,287.50 Vehicle - - 200.00 812,487.50 wildfires (Fuel) Sub-Total 429,106,546.50 2,100,365.0 431,206,911.50 0 3.3.2 To manage 1,155ha of 2003-2007 (MTS) and 2011-2013 (NFPDP) established 3.3.2.1 Carry out tending and prunning of all established ha 5,370.46 500.00 2,685,230.00 Vehicle - - 1,000.00 2,686,230.00 plantation areas (Fuel) 3.3.2.2 Maintain fire rides around plantation to prevent any Km 5,370.46 750.00 4,027,845.00 Vehicle - - 1,000.00 4,028,845.00 perennial wildfires (Fuel) 3.3.2.3 Carry out fire patrol during dry season around the km 5,370.46 300.00 1,611,138.00 Vehicle - - 1,000.00 1,612,138.00 plantation areas in the reserve (Fuel) 3.3.2.4 Thinning of Plantation ha 100 500.00 50,000.00 Vehicle - - 1,000.00 51,000.00 (Fuel) Sub-Total 8,374,213.00 4,000.00 8,378,213.00 TOTAL REFORESTATION 437,480,759.50 2,104,365.0 439,585,124.50 0 3.4 GOVERNANCE AND BENEFIT SHARING: To improve forest governance through effective collaboration with all stakeholders. 3.4.1 To manage twenty-two (22) admitted farms covering an area of 83.6ha

105 ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) 3.4.1.1 Identify all blocked boundaries of the 22 admitted Km 10.56 168.75 1,782.00 Moulding of 25.00 100 2,500.00 4,282.00 farms by the end of the third year of the plan period. Pillars 3.4.1.2 Opening up of all the blocked boundaries of the 22 Lumpsum Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 admitted farms by the end of the third year of the plan period. 3.4.1.3 Check survey the 22 admitted farms every two (2) Km 10.56 168.75 1,782.00 Vehicle 5,000.00 6,782.00 years to ensure that they are not illegally extended. (Fuel) Lumpsum 3.4.1.4 Pillaring of the 22 admitted farms by the end of the Km 10.56 300.00 3,168.00 3,168.00 five (5) year of the plan period. 3.4.1.5 Maintenance of 22 admitted farms boundaries as per Km Lumpsum 40,000 40,000.00 maintenance schedule. Sub-Total 6,732.00 57,500.00 64,232.00 3.4.2 To collaborate with forest fringe communities to identify, assess and sustainably manage the harvesting of Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). 3.4.2.1 Identify and document the location of all NTFPs in Lumpsum 20,000.00 20,000.00 the Forest Reserve. 3.4.2.2 Undertake inventory to determine key NTFP stocking Lumpsum 20,000.00 20,000.00 levels (quantities) and their distribution in the Reserve. 3.4.2.3 Explore the potential of propagating some of the Lumpsum 20,000.00 20,000.00 desirable NTFPs including pestles and chewing sticks (Nsokodua). 3.4.2.4 Permits will be issued for collection of NTFPs. Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00

3.4.2.5 Monitoring of NTFP harvesting activities in Forest Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 Reserve shall be undertaken in accordance with the harvesting rules. Sub-Total 70,000.00 70,000.00 3.4.3 To ensure that domestic and communal rights are fully respected. 3.4.3.1 Forest fringe communities shall have regulated access Lumpsum 2,000.00 2,000.00 to the Reserve to collect NTFPs for domestic use.

106 ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) 3.4.3.2 Permit will have to be obtained from the FSD before Lumpsum 2,000.00 2,000.00 NTFP can be harvested on commercial quantities.

3.4.3.3 Communities will have free access to undertake health Lumpsum 2,000.00 2,000.00 walk through the reserve and enjoy aesthetic value of the forest. 3.4.3.4 Benefit sharing arrangements shall follow the Lumpsum 8,000.00 Public 2,000.00 10,000.00 provisions specified in FC-Benefit Sharing Agreement Address Documents for commercial forest plantation systems, development under the Public Private Partnership. Vehicle (Fuel) 3.4.3.5 The communities living around the Forest Reserve Lumpsum 2,000.00 2,000.00 shall be given opportunities for employment and training. The rights of workers to organize and voluntarily negotiate with their employers shall be guaranteed as outlined in conventions 87 and 98 of the ILO. Sub-Total 16,000.00 2,000.00 18,000.00 3.4.4 To facilitate the establishment of livelihood interventions appropriate in the forest fringe communities to improve their living standard. 3.4.4.1 Develop appropriate alternative livelihood options in Lumpsum 2,000.00 2,000.00 consultation with the communities. 3.4.4.2 Formation of alternative livelihood groups in Lumpsum 10 5,000.00 - - - - 5,000.00 Communities.

3.4.4.3 Training of Communities in their preferred alternative Lumpsum 10 20,000.00 Breakfast, 30.00 100 3,000.00 23,000.00 livelihood option. Snack, Lunch 3.4.4.4 Monitor and supervise alternative livelihood options Lumpsum 10 5,000.00 - - - - 5,000.00 established for communities to ensure their success. Sub-Total 32,000.00 3,000.00 35,000.00 3.4.5 To ensure compliance of all law and regulations in the management of the Reserve. 3.4.5.1 Make use of existing systems (VPA-LAS Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 system/Rapid response/FC Prosecutors/Police) towards effective forest and wildlife surveillance. Sub-Total 10,000.00 10,000.00

107 ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) 3.4.6 To ensure equitable sharing of revenue. 3.4.6.1 Ensure that the socio-economic needs of the forest Lumpsum 10,000.00 10,000.00 fringe communities, particularly Social Responsibility Agreement (SRA) commitment is met in full for the benefit of the people. Sub-Total 10,000.00 10,000.00 TOTAL GOVERNANCE 207,232.00 3.5 RESEARCH: To protect, maintain and enhance research plots within the reserve for education and other purposes. 3.5.1 To protect, maintain and enhance research plots within the reserve for education and other purposes. 3.5.1.1 Maintain and protect One (1) Compartment for Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 Students research 3.5.1.2 All PSPs pillars within the Forest Reserve shall be Lumpsum 20,000.00 20,000.00 maintained and removed/broken ones will be replaced with assistance from RMSC. 3.5.1.3 Conduct research into the regeneration ability of the Lumpsum 20,000.00 20,000.00 Reserve especially in the Convalescence Areas. 3.5.1.4 Demarcate and pillar permanent sample plots (PSPs). No. 11 500.00 5,500.00 Vehicle (Fuel) 2,000.00 7,500.00 Lumpsum 3.5.1. Undertake research into flora and fauna dynamics Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 overtime, to inform management decision. 3.5.1.1 Sensitize fringe communities on the Protection of Lumpsum 15,000.00 15,000.00 Research Sites (PSPs) TOTAL 70,500.00 2,000.00 72,500.00 3.6 SUPPORTING AUXILIARY : To facilitate the smooth implementation of operational activities in the Forest Reserve. 3.6.1 To provide access to forest for staff ans stakeholder to facilitate the effective implementation of this plan. Re-shapping of Key Forest Roads in the Reserve. Lumpsum 200,000.00 - - - - 200,000.00 Sub Total 200,000.00 200,000.00 3.6.2 To provide accommodation for field staff.

108 ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) Constructions of Three (3) Range Quarters are No. 3 70,000.00 210,000.00 - - - - 210,000.00 proposed to be constructed at Wioso, Abesewa and Brosankro. Construction of temporary structures for the FC Lumpsum 20,000.00 20,000.00 Rapid Response Teams, to re-enforce protection of the Forest Reserve. Sub Total 230,000.00 230,000.00 3.6.3 To provide adequate means of transportation for FSD staff to facilitate the effective implementation of this plan. Procure a four-wheel drive pick-up truck for the No 1 90,000.00 90,000.00 - - - - 90,000.00 District Office for use in their monitoring activities. Procure Three(3) motor cycles for the field staff for No 3 20,000.00 60,000.00 - - - - 60,000.00 their day to day activities. Sub Total 150,000.00 150,000.00 3.6.4 To assist Telecoms to provide network services to all and sundry. FSD shall collaborate with the Service Providers Yr 10 4,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00 (Vodafone, Tigo, MTN, Airtel and Glo) to protect the Reserve through fire patrols in the dry season. Sub Total 40,000.00 40,000.00 3.6.5 To provide Office equipment and consumables. 3.6.5.1 Procure a desk top computer and accessories for Lumpsum 2 10,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 Dist. Office 3.6.5.2 Procure a digital camera for field work Lumpsum 1 500.00 500.00 500.00 3.6.5.3 Procure office stationary Lumpsum 1 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 Sub Total 30,500.00 30,500.00 3.7 To develop a working cultures to support health and safety at work and promote a positive social climate and smooth operation that enhance productivity. 3.7.1 Undertake training and capacity building so that No. 100 60.00 6,000.00 Gloves, 25.00 300 7,500.00 13,500.00 managers, supervisors and all workers understand Helmet, their responsibilities with respect to health and Goggles safety.

109 ACTIVITY COST MATERIAL COST Prescribed treatment Unit / m / dys Targets/ Unit cost (GH¢) Amount Material Unit Quantity Amount Total (GH¢) Quantity (GH¢) cost (GH¢) (GH ¢) 3.7.2 Provide readily available health care access in the Lumpsum 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 form of First Aid tool kit for working foresters in the field. Sub-Total 11,000.00 7,500.00 18,500.00 TOTAL AUXILIARY SUPPORT 669,000.00

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