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Ocythoe Tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814 (Cephalopoda, Octopoda)

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Ocythoe Tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814 (Cephalopoda, Octopoda) Sur une espèce nouvelle dans la faune teuthologique de Tunisie: <Ocythoe tuberculata> Rafinesque, 1814 (Cephalopoda, Octopoda) Item Type Journal Contribution Authors Ezzeddine-Najai, S.; El Abed, A. Citation Bulletin de l Institut national des sciences et technologies de la Mer, 28. p. 85-88 Publisher INSTM Download date 28/09/2021 15:25:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3688 Bull. Inst. Natn. Scien. Tech. Mer de Salammbô, Vol. 28, 2001 SUR UNE ESPECE NOUVELLE DANS LA FAUNE TEUTHOLOGIQUE DE TUNISIE: OCYTHOE TUBERCULATA RAFINESQUE, 1814 (CEPHALOPODA, OCTOPODA) Soufia EZZEDDINE-NAJAI* et Amor EL ABED** INSTM, 2025 Salammbô (Tunisie) *E-mail: [email protected] **E-mail: [email protected] ملخّص حول التّعرّف على صنف جديد من الرّأسيّات اﻷرجل بالمياه التونسية Ocythoe Tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814 (Cephalopoda, Octopoda) : تمّ التّعزّف ﻷَّل مزّة بشمال المياي التُّوسيّت على صىف مه الزّأسيّاث اﻷرجل لم وعٍدي مه قبل على سُاحلىا ٌَُ اﻷخطبُط Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814 مه اﻷصىاف العائمت َالىّادرة بالبحز المتُسّط؛ َاستىادا على المزاجع ، فالحيُان المتعزّف عليً َالبالغ مه الطُل 31.5 صم، يعتبز مه أكبز اﻹواث حجما لٍذا الصىف. المفاتيح: الزأسياث اﻷرجل، Ocythoe tuberculata، المياي ا ـلشّماليّت التّـُوسيّت. RESUME Une espèce de Céphalopode a été identifiée pour la première fois dans les eaux tunisiennes; il s'agit de Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814, un octopode pélagique peu fréquent en Méditerranée et capturé dans la région nord de Tunisie. Le spécimen, de taille de 31.5cm, est parmi les plus grandes femelles mentionnées de l'espèce dans la littérature. Mots-clé: Céphalopode, Ocythoe tuberculata, Nord de Tunisie. ABSTRACT On a new record of Cephalopod species in the Tunisian teuthological fauna Ocythoe Tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814 (Cephalopoda, Octopoda) : A species of Cephalopod has been identified for the first time in the north of Tunisian waters; it is about Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814, an uncommon pelagic octopus in the Mediterranean. The animal of 31.5 cm length mantle is among the biggest female reported from the species. Key-Word: Cephalopod, Ocythoe tuberculata, Northern tunisian coasts, Classe: Cephalopoda Un octopode inconnu des eaux tunisiennes a été adressé au laboratoire de l’Institut pour Sous-classe: Coleoidea identification. Ce mollusque, éviscéré et conservé Ordre: Octopoda dans l’alcool, est une espèce peu mentionnée en Sous-ordre: Incirrata Méditerranée et pour la première fois signalée en Famille: Ocythoïdae Tunisie (fig.1). Il s’agit de Ocythoe tuberculata Genre: Ocythoe Rafinesque, 1814 Rafinesque, 1814, également connue sous le nom Les mensurations suivantes ont été relevées sur vernaculaire de « tuberculate octopus » et de l’animal : « pieuvre dimorphe » (FAO, 1987). poids éviscéré……………………………..2582gr La famille des Ocythoïdae à laquelle longueur de la tête………………………….6.5cm appartient l’espèce est monotypique, elle comprend longueur dorsale du manteau……………...31.5cm un seul genre et une seule espèce dont la position longueur totale de l'animal………………..89.5cm systématique dans la classification récente est la largeur maximale du manteau………………24.3cm suivante (Young, 1977): longueur bras dorsal gauche (amputé)……39.0cm Embranchement: Mollusca 85 Bull. Inst. Natn. Scien. Tech. Mer de Salammbô, Vol. 28, 2001 longueur bras dorsal droit (extrémité partie médio-dorsale de la masse viscérale. Cette coupée)……………………………………..54.5cm poche, remplie d’un gaz non encore déterminé, longueur bras latéro-dorsal gauche…………46.0cm assure à l’animal, selon l’auteur, la stabilité et la longueur bras latéro-dorsal droit…………...47.7cm manœuvrabilité, la vessie faisant défaut chez le mâle. longueur bras latéro-ventral gauche………...48.5cm De toutes les espèces de Céphalopodes longueur bras latéro-ventral droit…………..45.0cm dont l’oviparité est pratiquement le mode de longueur bras ventral gauche……………….57.0cm reproduction exclusif, Ocythoe tuberculata est longueur bras ventral droit (amputé)……….49.0cm l’unique à être ovovivipare. En effet, les œufs sont diamètre maximum des ventouses…………...1.0cm fécondés et sont incubés à l’intérieur de l’oviducte longueur dorsale de l’entonnoir……………..7.0cm de la femelle qui donne naissance à de petits poulpes. La longueur dorsale du manteau étant la Le mâle nain présente un hectocotyle taille standard chez les Céphalopodes, celle du typique (fig.4). Celui-ci se retire dans une poche en spécimen est parmi les plus grandes femelles de s’y enroulant et, avant l’accouplement, il se détache l'espèce jusqu'alors reportées dans la littérature soit par autotomie, se déplace activement et pénètre 31 cm (Guerra, 1992). Par ailleurs, la teinte de face dans la cavité palléale de la femelle où il reste en vie dorsale est fortement altérée par l’alcool à forte et y fertilise les œufs de l’oviducte (Naef, 1923). concentration, alors qu’elle est généralement de L’espèce a une grande répartition couleur bleu-violacée très intense à l’état frais (Naef, géographique ; elle est cosmopolite des aires 1923 ; Guerra, 1992). tropicale et subtropicale et signalée dans tous les Plusieurs caractères morphologiques océans et dans la méditerranée orientale et distinguent la pieuvre dimorphe des espèces du occidentale (Mangold & Boletzky, 1988). Sa sous–ordre des incirrata : distribution bathymétrique paraît également large ; -Un dimorphisme sexuel très prononcé qui selon certains auteurs (Wirz, 1958), elle vit en se manifeste par le fait que la femelle est 5 à 10 fois grande profondeur alors que pour d’autres (Roper & plus grande que le mâle dont la longueur du Sweeney (1976), elle est épipélagique, puisqu’elle a manteau ne dépasse guère 3 cm (Naef, 1923). été capturée entre la surface et 200m de profondeur ; L'animal identifié est donc obligatoirement une la nuit, du moins, elle remonte vers la surface. femelle. Le mâle nain occupe souvent les tuniques -Les bras sont assez longs et surtout vides des salpes ou des doliolides comme habitat inégaux. les deux paires latérales étant nettement flottant (Okutani & Osuga, 1986). plus courtes que les dorsales et ventrales (formule Malgré la rareté des observations, le poulpe brachiale: 1=4>2=3). Les ventouses, disposées sur tuberculé a été identifié dans le contenu stomacal de les bras en deux rangées, sont pédonculées en plusieurs espèces pélagiques océaniques tels que le comparaison à celles des poulpes dont les germon, le thon et surtout le delphinidé, Grampus ventouses sont généralement sessiles. La membrane griseus qui se nourrit essentiellement de interbrachiale est très réduite voire même absente. céphalopodes (Biagi,1980). -Une paire de pores aquifères est située sur Il n’y’a pas mention de la valeur la face ventrale de la tête à la base des bras ventraux économique de l’espèce dans la littérature mais il est (fig.2). Ces pores communiquent avec des canaux peu probable qu’elle soit consommable. qui entourent le bord antérieur de chaque œil et se En ce qui concerne l’animal identifié, les remplissent de l’eau de mer qui pénètre dans ce données dont nous disposons sont très système dont la fonction demeure à nos jours insuffisantes pour pouvoir donner plus inconnue (Young, 1997). d’informations. En effet, nous ignorons les -L'entonnoir est relativement long (fig.2) et conditions dans lesquelles il a été pris, les ses bords latéraux sont attachés à la cavité palléale coordonnées du lieu et l'engin, éventuellement, au au moyen de « boutons pressions » cartilagineux moyen duquel il a été capturé. très rigides et de forme typique (fig.3). L’animal étant déjà éviscéré, nous n’avions -Chez la femelle de la pieuvre dimorphe, le pas pu relever certaines paramètres anatomiques en caractère dominant se manifeste par la présence sur particulier ceux concernant l’état de maturité la face ventrale et les bords latéraux du manteau de sexuelle. Seul le bulbe buccal avec les mâchoires et crêtes surmontant des tubercules qui sont liés entre la radula ont pu être examinés. L’observation sous eux par des replis cutanés lui donnant un aspect binoculaire de la radula confirme la description de réticulé d'où, apparemment, le nom tuberculata de Naef (1923) à savoir que les dents dont elle est l'espèce. Cette structure n’est pas nette chez munie ont une forme et une disposition qui l’animal décrit suite à sa fixation dans l’alcool (fig.3). rappellent celle des Teuthoïdés (Histiotheuthis Young (1997) décrit chez la femelle, bonelliana) plutôt que la radula des Octopodes également, une vessie natatoire localisée dans la auxquels appartient au genre Ocythoe. Les 86 Bull. Inst. Natn. Scien. Tech. Mer de Salammbô, Vol. 28, 2001 mâchoires, par contre, sont typiques de celles des Octopodes. Ezzeddine, S., (sous presse)- Inventaire des La signalisation pour la première fois de la Céphalopodes des eaux tunisiennes. Actes pieuvre Ocythoe tuberculata élève à trois le nombre du IVème Congrès Maghrébin des Sciences des espèces d’Octopodes pélagiques identifiées en de la Mer ; Mahdia, 9-11 novembre 2001 ; Tunisie (Ezzeddine, 2002) avec l’espèce numéro spécial, Bull. scient INSM d’Argonauta argo, et Tremoctopus violaceus. Le FAO, 1987- Fiches d’identification des espèces pour fait que ces octopodes soient signalés sur la côte les besoins de la pêche en Méditerranée et alors que d’habitude ils fréquentent les grandes Mer noire. Zone de pêche 37. Révision 1- profondeurs et qu’ils soient tous apparus au cours Volume 1. des 5 dernières années, ceci laisserait penser à des Guerra A., 1992- Mollusca, Cephalopoda. Fauna changements biotiques ou/et abiotiques qui seraient Ibérica, vol. 1. Ramos, M.A. et al. (eds). responsables de l’apparition de ces espèces sur nos Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC. côtes. De pareilles signalisations sont utiles dans la Madrid. 327p., 12pl. mesure où elles pourraient contribuer à la Mangold K., et S.v. Boletzky, 1988- 18- connaissance des périodes et des conditions Mediterranean Cephalopod Fauna. The environnementales d’apparition de l’espèce à Mollusca, Vol.12: 315-330. proximité des côtes et éventuellement de son Naef A., 1923- Cephalopoda.
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