Best Management Practices and the Best Available Data for Mosquito Control
Presented by the American Mosquito Control Association May 16th, 2019 EPA Office of Pesticide Programs 10 AM – 12 PM Welcome and Introductions AMCA Regions
Updated as of April 25th, 2019 Mosquitoes and Mosquito-borne Disease Joseph M Conlon, MSc, MSc (Ed) Technical Advisor, AMCA Mosquitoes of the United States
• Known from Cretaceous – 170 Million Years
• 185 Species in the United States
• Texas – 85 species
• West Virginia – 29 species
• Human Disease, Zoonoses, Nuisance Reproductive Capabilities
4 Generations at 16 weeks • 25% Mortality- 49,843,353,164
• 50% Mortality- 12,974,633,789
• 75% Mortality- 810,914,612 Flight Ranges
1,000 ft Aedes albopictus
1 mile Culex pipiens
2-5 miles Aedes vexans
5-20 miles Ochlerotatus sollicitans
40-70 miles Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus 1. California Serogroup Non-Specified 2. Non-LAC Calif Serogroup 3. California Encephalitis (CE) 4. Chikungunya (CHIKV) Arboviruses of Public 5. Colorado Tick Fever (CTF) 6. Cache Valley (CV) 7. Dengue (DEN) 8. Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Health Importance 9. Flavivirus Non Specified 10. Highlands J (HJ) 11. Heartland (HLV) Tracked Through 12. Jamestown Canyon (JC) 13. Japanese Encephalitis (JE) 14. Keystone (KS) 15. La Crosse (LAC) ArboNet 2016 16. Mayaro (MAY) 17. Murray Valley Encephalitis (MVE) 18. Powassan (POW) 19. Ross River (RR) 20. Snowshoe Hare (SH) 21. St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) 22. Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE) 23. Toscana (TOS) 24. Trivittatus (TRI) 25. Venezuela Equine Encephalitis (VEE) 26. Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) 27. West Nile (WNV) 28. Yellow Fever (YF) 29. Zika (ZIK) Vector-borne Diseases US & Territories 2004–2016 • Dengue • Zika virus • West Nile virus • Malaria • Chikungunya virus • California serogroup • St. Louis encephalitis • EEE • Yellow fever virus
46,692 41,680 31,919 20,167 9,081 1,063 133 106 1 150,842 Total Factors Affecting Mosquito Distribution
• Temperature minimums/maximums
• Rainfall
• Availability of suitable oviposition habitat
• Land-use changes Travel & Disease Transmission
• >1 Billion Cross Boundaries on Airplanes
• Working in Other Countries
• 1970 - 84 million, 2.3% of world’s population
• 2015 – 244 million, 3.3% of world’s population
• 54 million in US
• 740 million worldwide internal migration to cities
• 65.3 Million Refugees Mosquito Migrants
• Aedes aegypti larvae, Aedes albopictus adults in Windsor, Ontario
• Aedes albopictus eggs collected in traps in Kent, UK
• Aedes aegypti adults trapped in Netherlands
• Aedes aegypti larvae in traps in New Zealand
• Introduced species – Aedeomyia squamipennis (Gamboa virus) – Culex panocossa (Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis) Some Vector Species In The U.S.
• Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. vexans, Ae. sollicitans, Ae. taeniorhynchus
• Culex pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. nigripalpus
• Anopheles freeborni, An. quadrimaculatus, An. crucians
• Psorophora confinnis, Ps. columbiae Enemies At The Gate
• Zika • Dengue • Chikungunya • Rift Valley • Mayaro • VEE • Sindbis • Ross River • Murray Valley • Yellow Fever • USUTU • Malaria Animal Health Impacts - Yellow Fever
• 2008/9 – 2,500 monkeys
• 2017 – 4,575 monkey fatalities in Minas Gerais
• 11 of 15 species of monkeys affected are
endangered “No country can shield itself from the invasion by a pathogen incubating in an airline passenger or a mosquito hiding in a cargo hold. Infectious diseases are now spreading geographically much faster than at any time in history”
Margaret Chan, MD WHO Director-General 2012-2017 New Technology in Mosquito Control Mosquito management professionals have worked with their industry partners through the years to develop innovative technologies to reduce pesticide use by making applications more targeted, efficient, and efficacious. 3 Primary Categories of Industry Innovation
• Surveillance & Monitoring – Remote sensing traps deliver real-time surveillance data – Improved diagnostic techniques for rapid viral isolation • Delivery Systems – Speed-adjusted flow control – No spray/exclusion alerts, auto shutoff – GPS tracking and application modeling – Atomization efficiency • Control Methodologies & Formulations – Sterile male release – Biorational larvicide & other improved formulations Commonly Used Larvicides • BACILLUS SPHAERICUS (Bs) • BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS var. ISRAELENSIS (Bti)
• METHOPRENE • PETROLEUM DISTILLATES • SPINOSAD Commonly Used Adulticides
• BIFENTHRIN • PERMETHRIN
• CYPERMETHRIN • PHENOTHRIN
• DELTAMETHRIN • PRALLETHRIN
• ETOFENPROX • PYRETHRINS
• MALATHION • SUMITHRIN
• NALED • PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE Mosquito Control Entities and Critical Habitat for T&E Species, as of April 25th, 2019
Mosquito Control Programs
Critical Habitat
Data found at : USFWS- https://services.arcgis.com/QVENGdaPbd4LUkLV/ArcGIS/rest/services/USFWS_Critical_Habitat/FeatureServer AMCA- https://amcamapping.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html Best Management Practices - Nationwide
• Based on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, we call them Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) – Utilizing every tool in the tool box to reduce the amount of pesticides applied, protect/avoid non-target species, reduce exposure/resistance to mosquitoes • How do we do it? – Surveillance – Control – Education and Outreach – Resistance Management Best Management Practices - Surveillance
• Eggs – Oviposition cups • Larvae/Pupae – Dip cups • Adults – Mosquito traps • Different kind for different species • Different placement based on flight range – Landing rates – Resting collection Best Management Practices - Control • Physical -Dumping, dredging, eliminating sources
• Biological -Bti, Bs, Spinosads, Gambusia
• Chemical -Mineral oils, monomolecular films (not currently available), pyrethroids/pyrethrins, organophosphates Best Management Practices – Education and Outreach
• Stakeholders – Centers of Excellence (supported by CDC)/Universities – Local vendors educational trainings – Licensing agencies trainings – Local associations educational trainings – Local government officials by directors • Public – Insect days trainings – Health fairs – Public presentations Best Management Practices – Resistance Management
• Product / Chemical class rotation • Trainings and education from CDC (bottle bioassay) • Contractors who are conducting control activities • Contracting with local universities Best Management Practices - Summary
• Pest Management Measures are only implemented after relevant surveillance data has been assessed and certain action thresholds are met. • Operators use only the amount of pesticide and frequency of pesticide application necessary to control the target pest, using equipment and application procedures appropriate for this task. • At all times, pesticide application equipment is maintained in proper operating condition to prevent leaks, spills, or other unintended discharges. This includes, at minimum, the annual calibration, routine maintenance, and regular cleaning of all pesticide application equipment. Inspection of application equipment will be conducted at the time of operation and any problems will be promptly reported and repaired. • Prior to the implementation of any Pest Management Measure, Operators will assess the current weather conditions (e.g. temperature, precipitation and wind speed) in the treatment area to ensure the application is consistent with all applicable federal requirements. Short range weather forecasts for the Pest Management Area will also be monitored in order to ensure the efficacy and target specific nature of the chosen Pest Management Measure(s). AMCA - South Atlantic Region (Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama)
Chris Lesser South Atlantic Region, AMCA
General Information • Mosquito control districts – Of the 65 Counties in Florida, 57 have State sanctioned/approved mosquito control districts. Most are County-based although there are some municipality subsets – By law, all Districts practice IPM/BMPs (none simply spray “every Friday night”). Heavy reliance on surveillance, larviciding and source reduction. State-law requires specific surveillance/population thresholds be met/documented prior to spraying – In FL there are 14 current users of malathion with about a dozen indicating they “plan to switch to malathion in the near future (to combat SP resistance). 5 (of 19) Districts in SC are currently using malathion • Length of season? Year round; Wouldn’t live in Florida (or anywhere in the southeast Atlantic) without AC and mosquito control • What method of application for malathion is used? 95% - Truck ULV (up to 0.75 oz/ac; 10-15 microns) and aerial ULV (up to 3.0 oz/ac but most applications are much lower; 30-40 microns) • How often are adult mosquito control products used in any one area? Done for nuisance and disease control; typically no more than 6-8 applications/site/year Florida Adulticiding: By The Numbers 2013-14
Active Ingredient: Aerial Acres Ground Acres
Naled 84.9% 5,974,019 0
Malathion 0.4% 27,705 971,912 (5%)
Sumithrin 11.2% 785,497 397,622
Permethrin 1.3% 89,644 18,893,485 (92%)
Etofenprox 2.2% 153,003 274,850
Total: 100% 7,002,165 Acres 20,537,869 Acres
Credit: Estep, A.S. et.al, Quantification of permethrin resistance and kdr alleles in Florida strains of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse); October 2018 Credit: K. Hopperstad Credit: K. Hopperstad Final Thoughts: • County-based programs are already employing a science-based IPM approach for delivering a Public-Health mosquito control product. • Already spraying 25-40 million acres annually using a diversity of OP and SP products with no widespread (or even local) scientifically documented significant non-target impacts despite many agencies looking for it!! • Remember, none of us in this room want to create any type of environmental hazard …… we are all environmentalist first but we, in the mosquito control community must also consider public health and welfare. That is our Legislatively imposed responsibility. • We don’t spray because it’s fun….. we are science-based professionals and only spray when the data indicates a need to protect the public interest. South Central Region Herff MP. Jones AMCA South Central Regional Director LMCA Secretary/Treasurer
How is Mosquito Control Organized in the Region? • Mosquito Control Districts and Municipal Programs both Public & Contract: – The majority of mosquito control districts are in LA & TX. There are numerous municipal (cities & towns) programs throughout the region. • Length of Season: – Largely depends on the operational capacity of each entity. Some are response only operational interventions. • Larviciding - most of the year • Adulticiding - 6 months or less (label restrictions apply) • Operational Methods: – Ground & aerial larviciding and adulticiding applications. • Number & Frequency of Treatments and Total A.I. per year: – Label instructions are strictly followed. Adulticiding Operations Within the Region Organophosphate Use Within the Region
IMM Best Management Practices for Non-Target Mitigation • Training - Numerous opportunities are available on an annual basis for training and continued education. Well developed educational programs are offered by state public health agencies, state mosquito control associations and mosquito control districts. Additional access is provided through Regional Centers of Excellence and AMCA’s e - learning modules. • WMA’s - cooperative MOU’s are in place with Wildlife Management Area refuge managers in areas where mosquito operations are conducted. • Non-Target Mitigation - cooperative exchange with agriculture extension services, USDA local offices and local community to identify avian sanctuaries, aqua culture rearing grounds, commercial apiaries and bee keeper hobbyist. Geo - referenced locations are incorporated into “no spray” zones / buffers for all operational interventions from ground and air. IMM Best Management Practices for Non-Target Mitigation cont. • Spray time - particularly for aerial operations civil twilight is the generally adopted appropriate spray on time. • Notifications - Public notifications of planned operations through media, press, email, phone and social media. South Pacific Region
Conlin Reis, J.D. General Information
• Mosquito control districts vs. contracted vs. municipal programs? Over 70 programs in the South Pacific Region with the majority being local Districts and/or municipal programs. • Length of season? Southern California and Hawaii use materials year round but typically adult mosquito control is done from June through September • What method of application is used? Most done by ground, but aerial is used frequently both in urban and rural areas • How often are adult mosquito control products used in any one area? Anywhere from 1 to 20 times per season
Where adult control products are used: Most recent malathion and chlorpyrifos users: Federal lands USFW Critical Habitat Best Management Practices • Technician training –Field staff are trained on an annual basis to recognize the presence of species they are most likely to encounter in the field. • CNDDB – Employees review the California Natural Diversity Database for the potential presence of listed or threatened species in the area prior to inspection and treatment. • Site evaluations – Field staff briefly survey each area prior to treatment for the presence of species such as nesting hawks, or other species of concern and will take necessary precautions based upon previous training. • USFWS Wetland Mapper – Employees utilize the Service’s online Wetland Mapper to help identify potential sites where a species or habitat of concern may exist such as vernal pools and their protected species. • Elderberry setbacks and time of year treatment considerations due to beetle flight months. Best Management Practices cont. • Considerations for Waters of the US for BMP source reduction projects as well as time of year considerations for species of concern within suspected habitats as identified by CNDDB and USFWS Wetland Mapper, as well as USACE aquatic resources web pages. • Where required such as in coastal regions, USACE 404 and other state environmental permits are obtained for source reduction BMPs for salt marsh and upland habitats. • Vector Control Districts work with CDFW and other local environmental agencies on site specific projects as well as providing input on large scale restoration projects. • Some Districts have utilized the CEQA process to evaluate and mitigate potential impacts to listed or threatened species within their District. Agency Specific Practices • Comprehensive statewide training and certification, including proper pesticide use and integrated vector management principles. • Statewide surveillance and control database (CalSurv), that allows vector control districts to visualize surveillance and operational data to more effectively direct their programs. • Active statewide association with collaborative efforts in developing best management practices and integrated vector management resources. • Elderberry setbacks and time of year treatment considerations due to beetle flight months. North Pacific Region
Jason Kinley, M.Sc AMCA President
General Information • Mosquito control districts vs. contracted vs. municipal programs: – Washington – 16 MCDs, less than 10 municipalities doing control – Oregon – 18 MCDs and one private contract – Idaho – 25 MCDs and one municipal program – Montana – 34 MCDs and one municipal program – Alaska – 0 MCDs • Typical length of season: – Larviciding season is March – September – Adult spraying season is May - September • How many applications are made to the same location in a season? – No more than 20 by truck – No more than 5 by air How pesticide are used in the North Pacific • Washington – Reported pesticide usage from 2007 – 2017 was submitted during this process. – Truck mounted adult control applications mainly use pyrethroids; less than 300 acres sprayed per year west of the Cascade mountains. • Oregon – Aerial contacts in place for several counties, only one on the west side of the state. – Adult mosquito control of any type is rare in Portland or the surrounding area. • Idaho – Annual Reports are currently submitted directly to the EPA through NPDES PGP – Contingent and Regular Aerial contracts for several counties • Montana – Reported that some county programs regularly use malathion by truck. Federal Lands Mosquito Control Programs
Critical Habitat Areas of Potential Overlap Best Management Practices • Practice Integrated Mosquito Management • Most, if not all, mosquito control programs have local arrangements with state and/or federal land managers to mitigate non-target effects. • Frequent training opportunities when we communicate with regulatory agencies and land managers: – Regional workshop held each April & Fall Meeting – State Association meetings held twice a year in Idaho and Oregon, once a year in Montana • Resistance testing workshops held to promote regular monitoring and product rotation. Best Management Practices cont.
• Endangered Species Act Section 7 consultation for multiple mosquito control programs along the Columbia River found we were Not Likely to Adversely Affect salmonids and bull trout. • In Oregon, the mandatory no-spray buffer zones for specific salmon or steelhead-bearing streams are 60 feet for ground applications, and 300 feet for aerial applications of Carbaryl, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Malathion, and Methomyl. What is special about North Pacific Region
• Largest Portion of Federal lands of all other regions -61% (some states have ~80%) • Mosquito districts more centralized in human populated areas; ~ 7% of the region has vector control coverage • Flood Irrigation practices common on private lands within many districts • Districts openly share information with each other, such as what is working well, what is not. This eliminates some trial and error, ultimately leading to effective control. Broox Boze, Ph.D.
West Central Region Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas Potential Vector Control Districts & Municipalities General Information • Mosquito control districts vs. contracted vs. municipal programs? – UT and WY are mostly organized government control units – CO, KS, NE, NM, ND, SD have a few small government programs Primarily managed by health departments and private contractors • Length of season? – Larval control – highly seasonal and typically lasts from May - September – Adult control typically takes place between June and September • What method of application is used? Most done by ground, but aerial is used in urban and rural areas of Utah and Wyoming (all private contractors) • How often are adult mosquito control products used in any one area? Anywhere from 1 to 10 times per season Federal lands – areas that would require federal authorization Recent Organophosphate Use Best Management Practices • Technician training and licensure – all states require CEUs for licensed applicators and written records of verifiable training must be kept for all technicians according to standards adopted by Agricultural Commissioner • USFWS Wetland Mapper – Employees utilize the Service’s online Wetland Mapper to help identify potential sites where a species or habitat of concern may exist such as vernal pools and their protected species • Site evaluations – field staff visually survey each area prior to treatment for the presence of natural predatory species and/or threatened species of concern taking necessary precautions based upon training provided • Vector Control Districts work with Colorado Parks and Wildlife and other local environmental agencies on site specific projects as well as providing input on large scale restoration projects North Central Region
Mark Clifton Ph.D. North Central Regional Director, AMCA Mosquito Control in the North Central Region
Legend Mosquito Control Areas*
* Maps shows areas where the potential for mosquito control applications of pesticide products is possible. Mosquito Control in the North Central Region
Legend Mosquito Control Areas Larvicide Active Ingredient with estimated usage of formulated product
Adulticides Active Ingredient with estimated usage of formulated product
Areas where organophosphate mosquitocides are used:
Legend Organophosphate use
Mosquito Control Areas Typical adulticide treatment frequency (June, July, August)
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan 0X 1X
2X 3X 4X 5X
North Shore Mosquito Abatement Toledo Area Sanitary District, Northfield, IL. District, Toledo Ohio Legend Critical habitat and Potential Mosquito control Federal Lands and Potential Mosquito control Critical Habitat Federal Lands Mosquito Control Areas Legend -Less than 1% of Critical Habitat Critical habitat and Potential Mosquito control polygon areas overlaps with a potential mosquito control area Federal Lands and Potential Mosquito control -Less than .1% of Critical Habitat linear Critical Habitat features (rivers and streams) overlap Federal Lands with a mosquito control area Mosquito Control Areas Existing agreements between USFWS and Mosquito Control
TASD Letter of Technical Assistance (May, 2019) Toledo Area Sanitary District Existing agreements between USFWS and Mosquito Control (Rayed Bean Mussel) Existing agreements between USFWS and Mosquito Control (Karner Blue Butterfly) Existing agreements between USFWS and Mosquito Control (Rusty Patched Bumblebee) Existing agreements between USFWS and Mosquito Control (Rusty Patched Bumblebee)
Metropolitan Mosquito Control District, Minneapolis, MN Existing agreements between USFWS and Mosquito Control
Informal review with US Fish & Wildlife representative (Andrew Horton) concluded:
Exposure to individual adulticide treatments unlikely because of minimal exposure to nest areas and floral resources Relatively few adulticide treatments in high probability areas Very small proportion area within high probability areas treated with adulticides
Overall risk to Rusty Patched Bumblebees low Existing agreements between USFWS and Mosquito Control
Informal review with US Fish & Wildlife representative initiated April, 2019 for the North Shore Mosquito Abatement District Best Management Practices in the North Central Region • In the North Central region, surveillance drives treatments as a general practice. • An IPM-based approach dictates that surveillance drives treatments and that mosquitoes are controlled in larval stages prior to initiating adult control measures. • Most adulticide operations occur in response to the presence of vector mosquitoes or virus detection. • Many vector control organizations consult with the USFWS regional offices for ESA technical assistance. North Atlantic
Gabrielle Sakolsky Past President, Northeastern Mosquito Control Association Chair, Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Committee, AMCA
General Information • Mosquito control districts vs. contracted vs. municipal programs: – Programs vary by state with over 278 towns and 33 counties in our region conducting mosquito control activities. In Maine and New Hampshire, all wide area mosquito control is done by contracting private applicators. • Length of season: – Typically adult mosquito control is done from June through September. – An average of 19 weeks per year. • What method of application is used: – Most done by ground, but aerial is used in limited locations. • How often are adult mosquito control products used in any one area: – Anywhere from 1 to 23 times per season. Where adult control products are used Most recent malathion and chlorpyrifos users Federal Lands – areas that would require federal authorization USFW Critical habitat Best Management Practices for the Protection of Species or Habitat that would help reduce exposure to non targets • State Level Technician training – All applicators are required to obtain a pesticide applicators license/commercial certification from their state enforcement agency. CEUs are required in order to retain the license to apply. • Regional Level Technician Training - Northeastern Mosquito Control Association and the New Jersey Mosquito Control Association run annual meetings and additional training events to educate workers on the safe use of pesticides. • Site evaluations – As part of an Integrated Mosquito Management program field staff survey each area prior to treatment. The presence of species of concern is noted at that time and necessary precautions are taken based upon previous training. • USFWS Wetland Mapper (or State GIS) – Employees utilize the Service’s online Wetland Mapper to help identify potential sites where a species or habitat of concern may exist such as vernal pools and their protected species. Best Management Practices - Protection of Species or Habitat that would help reduce exposure to non targets Examples of state specific strategies: • PA – Employees review the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory for the potential presence of listed or threatened species in the area prior to inspection and treatment. • MA – An MOU is in place with MA Natural Heritage to provide MCPs with GIS layers and written guidance on the application of all larvicides and adulticides within the Commonwealth. Information is updated annually. • NJ – Employee review endangered species maps before application and keep communications open between federal agencies (e.g. FWS). Also coordinate with monarch monitoring program in fall to avoid roosts. Mid-Atlantic
William H. Meredith, Ph.D. Environmental Program Administrator
Delaware Mosquito Control Section Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, DNREC General Information • Mosquito control organizations: – About 120 MCPs of various stripes at state, county, district or municipal levels, many having private contractual arrangements for aerial spraying (either for routine or emergency needs) • Length of season: – Larviciding from March-October. – Adulticiding from April-November • What method of application is used: – Much by ground (fog trucks, backpack sprayers, hand-toss), but aerial spraying too (fixed-wing, helicopter) • How often are adult mosquito control products used in any one area: – Depending upon product, application mode and need, from 1-40 times/year • Non-chemical approaches : – Water management projects, water sanitation practices, fish stocking Mid-Atlantic Region Types of Mosquito Control Programs (MCPs)
• Delaware – statewide control by one state agency. • Maryland – state control agency in 15 counties, but 3 counties and Baltimore have their own control programs; no MCPs in 5 westernmost counties. • Washington, D.C. – has its own municipal control program. • Virginia – 14 county-based MCPs, several municipal MCPs (coastal focus). • West Virginia – 5 MCPs in municipal or county health departments. • North Carolina – about 74 MCPs working at county or municipal levels. Mid-Atlantic Adulticides Used
• Naled • Permethrin + PBO • Sumithrin + PBO • Sumithrin + Prallethrin + PBO (Duet) • Etofenprox – increasing • Deltamethrin – just starting • Malathion – very little • Chlorpyrifos -- perhaps none? Federal Lands and Mosquito Control Districts USFW Critical habitat Best Management Practices
• Staff awareness/training for T&E species most likely to be encountered in the field or otherwise of high interest -- both for federally-listed T&E species and state-listed species of special concern. • Staff awareness/training for general or specific locations where T&E species are or might be found. • Staff awareness/training for how to use certain mosquitocides when treating around or nearby T&E species -- the “do’s-and-don’ts” for product use relative to ESA considerations. Best Management Practices Cont.
• Employ source reduction management practices to the extent practicable to reduce need for larviciding – e.g. Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM) for saltmarsh mosquito control, management of water levels and tidal exchanges in coastal impoundments. • Employ larviciding to the extent practicable to reduce need for adulticiding -- aggressive larval surveillance programs and timely applications of larvicides. • When working on National Wildlife Refuges and as part of annual Special Use Permits issued by the USFWS, ESA T&E consultations are undertaken by the Service for mosquito control activities on-refuge requested by local MCPs. What Makes Your Region Special?
• Some of the most extensive coastal wetlands along the Eastern Seaboard – hence historical focus on saltmarsh mosquito control that continues today. Hurricane prone, with sea-level rise now also compounding the problems. • Populated urban/suburban areas along the coast with lots of mosquito control challenges (e.g. combatting container-breeding Culex spp. and ATMs) -- Wilmington (DE), Baltimore, Washington D.C., NOVA, Richmond, Norfolk-Virginia Beach/ Hampton Roads area, Wilmington (NC). • For more inland areas in the piedmont or mountains -- battling freshwater marsh, riverine swamp, wet woodlands, and treehole species. • Mosquito-borne diseases of primary interest along the coast – EEE and WNV. • Mosquito-borne disease of interest further inland – Lacrosse . Protections already in place to protect non-targets
• FIFRA requirements on the label are the result of continuous review. • Best Management Practices • Current usage patterns do not represent a heightened risk. • Current total amounts of pesticide applied have not increased in the last 10 to 15 years in the mosquito control industry. There is no reason to believe that future pesticide use would increase. • Our industry has a history of modifying our usage patterns as needed to combat public health threats while minimizing the impact of these diseases. • We are in the public eye. Non-target impacts and pesticide misuse would not go unnoticed. Federal Lands and Mosquito Control Entities
Mosquito Control Entities Districts
Municipalities
Data found at: Federal Lands- https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=8047eda3656e4241b75463a5451ba9e2 AMCA- https://amcamapping.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html
Information on Deposition The loss of adult mosquito control products uses through incorrect evaluation of risk would have potential impacts on the general population due to:
• Increased incidence of mosquito-borne disease in humans, pets, wildlife and livestock – Elevated zoonotic and enzootic transmission cycles of mosquito-borne pathogens • Endemic pathogens: West Nile virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus, dog heartworm
• Sub-tropical pathogens: Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya viruses
• Lower quality of life for those participating in outdoor recreation, tourism activities, and community events
– Unable to be outdoors especially dusk/dawn hours
– Economic impacts
• Increased impact on outdoor workers
– Commercial & residential construction industry, military personnel, state & federal government employees, disaster relief workers, agriculture industry (i.e. farms, lawn care,), restaurant industry • Increased operational costs, medical costs, travel restrictions, and loss of revenue for businesses in affected areas Introduction Presentation Layout Mosquito Bionomics Edward M. Ruckert Angela Beehler Joseph M Conlon, MSc, MSc (Ed) Council to AMCA Chair, Legislative and Regulatory Committee, Technical Advisor, AMCA Partner, McDermott Will & Emery LLP AMCA Office: (904) 215-9660 Office: (202) 756 8214 | Manager, Benton County MCD (WA) Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Office: (509) 967-2414 Email: [email protected] New Tech./Products Used/ Sales Data New Technology Nationwide BMPs Jason Trumbetta Daniel Markowski, Ph.D. Nina M Dacko, MS Industry Director, AMCA Vice President, Vector Disease Control Chair, Chemical Control Subcommittee, AMCA General Manager, ADAPCO, an Azelis company International Supervisor, Tarrant County Public Health, Office: (407) 328-6520 Office: (662) 822-1270 Environmental Health Division, Vector Control (TX) Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Office: (817) 321-4986 Email: [email protected] South Atlantic Region South Central Region South Pacific Region Christopher Lesser Herff MP. Jones Conlin Reis, J.D. South Pacific Regional Director, AMCA South Central Regional Director, AMCA District Manager Assistant Director, Manatee Co. MCD (FL) Secretary/Treasurer, Louisiana MCA Fresno Westside Mosquito Abatement District (CA) Office: (941) 981-3895 Executive Director, Iberia Parish MAD (LA) Office: (559) 659-2437 Email: [email protected] Office: (337) 380-7140 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] North Pacific Region West Central Region North Central Region Jason Kinley, M.Sc Broox Boze, Ph.D. Mark Clifton, Ph.D. President, AMCA Director of Research and Innovation (CO) North Central Regional Director, AMCA Manager / Entomologist Vector Disease Control International Executive Director, North Shore MAD (IL) Gem County Mosquito Abatement District (ID) Office (956) 459-1593 Office: (847) 446-9434 ext. 1004 Office: (208) 365-5628 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] North Atlantic Region Mid-Atlantic Region Conclusion Gabrielle Sakolsky William H. Meredith, Ph.D. Michael T. Riles, B.S. Past President, Northeastern Mosquito Control Assoc. Environmental Program Administrator Chair, Endangered Species Act Subcommittee, AMCA Chair, Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Committee, AMCA Delaware Mosquito Control Section Entomologist, Arbovirus Surveillance Team Leader Assist. Superintendent, Cape Cod Mosquito Control Project (MA) Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, DNREC Beach Mosquito Control District (FL) Office: (508) 775-1510 Office: (302) 739-9917 Office: (850) 233-5030 ext. 106 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]