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2012 Games Evaluation Report 5: Post-Games Evaluation Meta-Evaluation of the Impacts and Legacy of the London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games RESEARCH QUESTIONS 2012 Games Meta-evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) For: Department for Culture, Media & Sport Prepared by: Grant Thornton UK LLP Ecorys Loughborough University Oxford Economics Future Inclusion July 2013 2012 Games Meta-evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Contents Acknowledgements 1 1 Introduction 4 2 Method 7 3 Harnessing the UK's Passion for Sport 11 4 Exploiting Opportunities for Economic Growth 81 5 Promoting Community Engagement & Participation 134 6 Driving the Regeneration of East London 157 7 Lessons Learnt 200 8 Headline and Cross-Cutting Research Questions 212 Annex A: List of Research Questions 250 Annex B: Note on National Audit Office Games Review 256 2012 Games Meta-evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Acknowledgements The Department for Culture, Media & Sport and the meta-evaluation team would like to thank the many people and organisations who contributed to the meta-evaluation. Their invaluable participation and feedback throughout the project helped ensure the meta-evaluation was a comprehensive undertaking which provides a robust assessment of the legacy and impact of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Evaluation Steering Group Big Lottery Fund Cabinet Office Commission for a Sustainable London 2012 Department for Business, Innovation and Skills Department for Children Schools and Families Department for Communities and Local Government Department for Culture, Media and Sport Department for Education Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Department for Work and Pensions Department of Health Economic and Social Research Council Foreign and Commonwealth Office Government Olympic Executive Greater London Authority HM Treasury Host Borough Unit London Development Agency London Legacy Development Corporation London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Nations and Regions Group Office for Disability Issues Olympic Delivery Authority Olympic Park Legacy Company Prime Minister's Delivery Unit Scottish Government (Devolved Administration Representative) Skills Funding Agency Sport England UK Trade and Investment Academic Experts Tony Bovaird, University of Birmingham David Gough, University of London Steve Martin, Cardiff University Academic Peer Reviewers Beatriz Garcia, University of Liverpool Iain Macrury, Bournemouth University Stefan Szymanski, University of Michigan Peter Wells, Sheffield Hallam University 1 2012 Games Meta-evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Government Peer Reviewers Thanos Alifantis, HMRC Mike Daly, Department for Works & Pensions Consultees Accessible Tourism Stakeholder Forum, Department for Culture, Media & Sport Association of Colleges BioRegional British Olympic Association British Paralympic Association Business Disability Forum Cabinet Office Channel 4 Commission for a Sustainable London 2012 CBI EDF Energy Dame Kelly Holmes Legacy Trust Department for Business, Innovation & Skills Department for Communities & Local Government Department for Culture, Media & Sport Department for Education Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Department for Health Department for Transport Disability Rights UK Driving Inspiration East Thames English Federation of Disability Sport ExCeL London Exhibition and Convention Centre Federation of Small Businesses Foreign and Commonwealth Office Greater London Authority Groundwork Hackney Community College Higher Education Funding Council for England Host Borough Unit Inclusion London Join In Kraft Foods Land Prop Lee Valley Regional Park Authority Legacy Trust UK Level Playing Field London & Partners London Borough of Barking and Dagenham London Borough of Greenwich London Borough of Hackney London Borough of Newham London Borough of Tower Hamlets London Borough of Waltham Forest London Chambers of Commerce Local Government Association London Legacy Development Corporation London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralymic Games London Travel Watch McDonalds National Children's Bureau National Council for Voluntary Organisations 2 2012 Games Meta-evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Northern Ireland Office Office for Civil Society Office for Disability Issues Office for National Statistics Olympic Delivery Authority Parasport Physical Activity Alliance Podium Scope Scottish Government Skillset Skillsmart Skills Active Skills Funding Agency Sport England Sustrans Tourism for All Transport for All Transport for London UK Sport UK Trade and Investment vInspired Visit Britain Visit England Youth Sport Trust Youthnet Welsh Government Westfield 3 2012 Games Meta-evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games ('the Games' or '2012 Games') was one of the largest events ever hosted in the UK. A key element of London's bid was the commitment that the Games would result in a lasting legacy for the whole of the UK. It was a commitment that was subsequently reflected in the overall vision for the Games as the Government sought to use the power of the Games to inspire lasting change – before, during and after the Games. In light of this commitment, the Department for Culture, Media & Sport (DCMS) commissioned a consortium led by Grant Thornton, including Ecorys, Loughborough University, Oxford Economics and Future Inclusion, to undertake a comprehensive and robust 'meta-evaluation' of the additionality, outputs, results, impacts and associated benefits of the investment in the 2012 Games. The consortium was supported by a team of independent academic peer reviewers – Beatriz Garcia (University of Liverpool), Iain Macrury (University of Bournemouth), Stefan Szymanski (University of Michigan) and Peter Wells (Sheffield Hallam University) – who provided a source of guidance, check and challenge through the course of the work, though did not formally sign-off the meta-evaluation reports. This commission went beyond anything that has been done before in trying to understand the difference made by hosting an Olympic and Paralympic Games. It was driven by a real desire across Government to understand the impact of the Games and the role they have played in inspiring lasting change. Due to its innovative and boundary pushing nature, the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) part funded the project to enable it to make a contribution to advancing meta-evaluation methods. Over a three year period the evaluation team worked closely with those involved in delivering the Games and its legacy, as well as those involved in researching its impact. This resulted in the creation of a comprehensive evidence base that enabled a robust assessment to be made of the success and impact of the Games in delivering a lasting legacy. One year after the Games, and with legacy being thought about over at least a 10 year timeframe, there are obviously still many legacy benefits to emerge and impacts to be unpicked. However, what this work shows is that there is already much that can be said about how the Games have helped change places, organisations and individuals. 1.2 The structure of the meta-evaluation The Government's plan for the meta-evaluation consists of four phases: Phase 1: Inception (March 2010 – April 2011); Phase 2: Baseline and pre-Games interim evaluation (February 2011 – Summer 2012); Phase 3: Post-Games evaluation (June 2012 – June 2013); and Phase 4: Longer-term evaluation of the impacts and legacy of the Games. It is planned that Phase 4 of the work, looking at the longer-term impacts and legacy of the Games, will take place separately at a later date and cover the impacts up to 2020. This report (Report 5) is the final report in a series of five reports, which cover phases 1 to 3 of the meta-evaluation: Report 1: Scope, research questions and data strategy; 4 2012 Games Meta-evaluation: Report 5 (Post-Games Evaluation) Report 2: Methods; Report 3: Baseline and counterfactual; Report 4: Pre-Games interim evaluation; and Report 5: Post-Games evaluation. The work undertaken in Reports 1 to 4 was of critical importance in providing the foundations for this report by establishing – among other things – the research questions the study would answer, the approach and method taken to gathering the evidence and the context against which the impact of the legacy should be measured and evaluated. This report builds directly on these foundations and the early look at the impacts and legacy emerging from pre-Games activity that was covered in Report 4, to provide an overall assessment of the available evidence of the impacts and legacy up to the end of 2012. 1.3 Report 5 This report examines available evidence of the impacts and legacy that emerged from activity taking place in the pre-Games, Games-time and immediate post-Games period (up to the end of 2012). It draws on a wide range of available sources of evidence, including monitoring and output data, evaluations and research undertaken by other organisations and individuals and primary research commissioned or undertaken directly by the meta-evaluation team. It also incorporates outputs from a large programme of stakeholder consultation. This report is therefore an initial assessment of the emerging legacy from the 2012 Games for each of four legacy themes (Sport, Economy, Community Engagement and Regeneration of East London), primarily setting out what has already been achieved and
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