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Fact Sheets Malaysian Palm Oil F Act Sheets Malaysian P Fact Sheets Malaysian Palm Oil F act Sheets Malaysian Published by: P alm Oil Malaysian Palm Oil Council (192835-K) Malaysian Palm Oil Board nd 2 Floor, Wisma Sawit, Lot 6, SS6, Jalan Perbandaran No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi 47301 Kelana Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Tel : +6(03) 8925 4400 Tel : +6(03) 7806 4097, Fax : +6(03) 7806 2272 Fax : +6(03) 8925 9446 Website : www.mpoc.org.my Website : www.mpob.gov.my aph # 6 r Monog Fact Sheets Malaysian Palm Oil Copyright © 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or in any means without the prior written permission from the publishers Reprint 2014 Published by: MALAYSIAN PALM OIL COUNCIL 2nd Floor, Wisma Sawit, Lot 6, SS6, Jalan Perbandaran 47301 Kelana Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia and MALAYSIAN PALM OIL BOARD No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia National Library of Malaysia Cataloguing-In-Publication Data Fact Sheets Malaysian Palm Oil Bibliography: p. 60 ISBN 978-983-9191-08-0 1. Palm oil--Health aspects—Malaysia 2. Palm oil industry—Malaysia 3. Oil palm—Malaysia 633.85109595 Contents Foreword 02 Part I: The Oil Palm 03 Part II: Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil 09 Part III: Techno-Economic Advantages of Palm Oil 25 Part IV: Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil Applications 33 Part V: Palm Oil Nutritional Benefits 37 Part VI: Oil Palm & The Environment 45 Part VII: The Malaysian Oil Palm Industry 57 Related Organisations 59 References 60 Further Readings 63 Acknowledgement 64 1 Quelle: IJM, Cede Part I: The Oil Palm Source: IJM, Cede 3 History Fact 1: Archaeological evidence on palm oil consumption was found in an Egyptian tomb in Abydos. As no palm oil was ever produced in the country, the evidence implied that the oil had been traded during the time of the Pharaohs, which is about 5,000 years ago. Source: Friedel (1897) Fact 2: Oil palm [Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.] originated from West Africa in a belt from Angola to Senegal. Source: MPOC (2005a) Fact 3: Oil palm was introduced to Peninsular Malaysia, then Malaya, as an ornamental plant by the British in the 1870s. Source: MPOC (2005b) Fact 4: In 1917, Henri Fauconnier planted the palm for its oil at Tennamaran Estate in Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Source: MPOC (2005b) Oil palms in wild groves in West One of the four original palms from Africa which Fauconnier obtained seedlings Malaysia to plant oil palms at Tennamaran Estate 2 4 1 The original ve steps used to extract palm oil 3 5 Step 1: Cooking the bunch Step 2: Removing fruitlets from the bunch Step 3: Macerating the fruitlets Step 4: Pressing out oil from the fruitlets Step 5: Collecting the oil Source: MPOB 4 Fact 5: Oil palm’s economic potential was first realised in the 1960s when the Malaysian Government embarked on a poverty eradication programme through agricultural diversification by planting this crop to complement rubber. The establishment of land schemes by the Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) and the Federal Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority (FELCRA) has resettled landless farmers on holdings by mainly growing oil palm. Today, FELDA manages about 723,394 hectares of oil palm plantations, providing employment to 90,511 farmers1. The land schemes are provided with basic amenities such as piped water, electricity, communications, roads, schools, healthcare facilities as well as greater employment opportunities in the economic activities spawned. 1 Source: FELDA (2011) Currently, the Malaysian oil palm industry as a whole including the downstream sectors employs 860,000 people, both directly and indirectly. Example of a Typical Worker’s House at a FELDA’s Oil Palm Estate Source: MPOC 5 Background Fact 6: The oil palm rst planted in Tennamaran Estate was Dura - the fruit type with a thick shell. There are two other fruit types - Pisifera with no shell and Tenera with a thinner shell. Obviously, the thicker the shell, the less would be the oil-bearing mesocarp and the less the oil yield. Ideally, Pisifera should be planted, but it is largely female sterile and produces very few bunches. In practice, Tenera is planted as a compromise. At that time, the genetics of shell type was not known, but it was later discovered that Tenera is just a hybrid between Dura and Pisifera i.e. Dura x Pisifera = Tenera. Oil Palm (Tenera): Basic Facts Origin West Africa Average height increment (present palms) ~ 60cm/year Trunk diameter ~ 60cm No. of fronds produced per year ~ 24 Average length of frond 3 - 4m Leaf colour Green Colour of ripe fruit Usually yellowish red (there are also other colours) Nursery period 12 - 18 months st 1 harvesting ~ 30 months after eld planting Harvesting cycle 2 - 3 weeks No. of bunches produced per palm 10 - 15 per year Average weight of bunch 10 - 20 kg No. of fruits per bunch 1000 - 3000 Shape of bunch Round or oval Fruit size (l x b) 5cm x 2cm Fruit weight ~ 10g Kernel content 3-8% per fruitlet Oil extraction rate 20% Palm oil yield ~ 4 tonnes/ha/year Planting density 136 - 160 palms/ha Economic lifespan 20 - 30 years Source:Quelle: MPOC (1995a) 6 Kern: Palmkernöl (PKO) Fruchtfleisch: Palmöl (PO) Fact 10: Oil palm is the most efficient oil-bearing crop in the world. The table below shows that in comparison with other major oil crops, oil palm produces the highest tonnage of oil per hectare per year with minimum use of land area. Oil Palm vs Other Major Oil Crops Oil Palm 4.16 Average Oil Yield (t/ha/year) Rapeseed 0.70 Sunfl ower 0.55 Soyabean 0.39 Average Oil Oil Production % of Total Oil Harvested Area % of Total Oil Crop Yield (mil tonnes) Production (mil ha) Harvested Area (t/ha/year) Soyabean 42.82 27.0 0.39 109.49 41.4 Sunf lower 13.81 8.7 0.55 25.23 9.5 Rapeseed 25.11 15.8 0.70 35.83 13.5 Oil Palm 62.34a 39.3 4.16 14.99 5.7 Totalb 158.44 264.77 Note: a combined tonnage of palm oil and palm kernel oil b only for 10 major oilseeds (i.e. cottonseed, groundnut, coconut, sesameseed, castorseed, linseed and the above) Source: Oil World (2014) 8 A) OILS & FATS TRADE Part II: Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil Source: MPOC 9 Oils & Fats Trade Fact 11: The roles of palm oil and palm kernel oil in the global oils and fats scenario are prominent. i) Palm oil and palm kernel oil contributed the highest percentage (32.9%) of the total global production of oils and fats in 2013. World Production of Oils & Fats in 2013 (Million Tonnes) Butter 4.1% Sunf lower Oil Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil 7.3% 32.9% Groundnut Oil 2.1% Others 4.8% Cottonseed Oil Soyabean Oil 2.6% 22.6% Lard & Tallow 8.9% Rapeseed Oil 13.2% Total Production: 189.69 mil tonnes Source: Oil World (2014) 10 ii) Palm oil and palm kernel oil were the most traded oils in the global oils and fats market with a market share of 62.5% in 2013. World Exports of Oils & Fats in 2013 (Million Tonnes) Coconut Oil 2.6% Fish Oil Soyabean Oil 1.0% 13.0% Rapeseed Oil 5.5% Others 2.4% Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil Corn Oil 62.5% 1.1% Olive Oil 1.2% Lard & Tallow Sunf lower Oil 2.2% 8.5% Total Exports: 74.81 mil tonnes Source: Oil World (2014) 11 iii) Of the total 190.9 million tonnes of oils and fats consumed in 2013, palm oil and palm kernel oil constituted the highest percentage (33.2%) of the total. World Consumption of Oils & Fats in 2013 (Million Tonnes) Olive Oil 1.6% Butter Others 4.0% Cottonseed Oil Lard & Tallow 4.9% 2.6% Coconut Oil 8.8% 2.1% Groundnut Oil Sunf lower Oil 2.1% 7.4% Soyabean Oil Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil 22.6% 33.2% Rapeseed Oil 12.8% Total Consumption: 190.90 mil tonnes Source: Oil World (2014) 12 Fact 12: Malaysia is one of the largest producers and exporters of palm oil in the world. In 2013, Malaysia produced about 19.26 million tonnes of palm oil from a mere 4.40 million hectares of matured area. The production and export of Malaysian palm oil is expected to increase in the future through improved planting materials and better plantation management. A Comparison of Annual Production of Palm Oil between Malaysia and Other Producers from 2009 - 2013 (Million Tonnes) 30 28.30 26.90 25 24.30 22.20 19.26 20 21.00 18.91 18.79 17.57 16.99 15 oduction of Palm Oil (mil tonnes) r 10 8.61 8.56 Annual P 8.05 6.68 6.70 5 0 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Malaysia Indonesia Others Source: Oil World (2014, 2012) 13 A Comprasion of Annual Exports of Palm Oil between Malaysia and Other Exporters from 2009 - 2013 (Million Tonnes) 25 20.85 19.09 20 18.03 17.99 17.58 17.07 16.94 16.66 16.45 15.88 15 oduction of Palm Oil (mil tonnes) r 10 Annual P 4.49 5 4.14 4.05 3.43 3.42 0 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Malaysia Indonesia Others Source: Oil World (2014, 2012) 14 Fact 13: Since domestic consumption of vegetable oils is relatively low in the country, Malaysia exports most of its palm oil and palm kernel oil.
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