Artes Africanae

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Artes Africanae SCHWEINITIMI ARTES AFRICANAE. LEIPZI«: F. A. B K I-1 A S. I 87 _-Pr.rivrburrm -6 umitornommor. ARTES AFRICANAE. ABBILDUNGEN UND BESCHREIBUNGEN VON ERZEUGNISSEN DES KUNSTFLEISSES CENTRALAFRIKANISCHER 1TÖLKER VON DR. GEORG SCHWEINFURTH. MIT XXI LITHOGRAPHIRTEN TAFELN. LEIPZIG: F. A. BROCKHAUS. LOND ON: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, LOW, AND SEARLE. CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET. 1875. ARTES AFRICANAE. ILLUSTRATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF PRODUCTIONS OF THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS OF CENTRAL AFRICAN TRIBES BY DR. GEORG SCHWEINFURTE WITH XXI LITHOGRAPHED PLATES. ,805. LEIPZIG: F. A. BROCKHAUS. LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, LOW, AND SEARLE. CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET. 1875. SEINE111VIELVEREHRTEN FREUNDE PROF. DR. A. BASTIAN DEM GRISDER DER DEUTSCHENGESELLSCHAFT ZUR ERFORSCHUNG AEQUATORIAL- AFRIKAS WIDMETDIESE BLITTER DERVERFASSER. VORWORT. PREFACE. Afrika, falls der Versuch gestattet ist , die verschie- If the attempt should be permitted to designate by denen Culturstufen, welche seine Bewohner im Hinblick auf characteristic terms the various stages of culture, which the ihre Beziehungen zur Welt im Grossen und Ganzen ein- inhabitants occupy with respect to their relations to the world nehmen, durch Schlagworte zu kennzeichnen, kann man in at large, we may divide Africa into three districts, the drei Gebiete eintheilen, deren Grenzen, den von seinen boundaries of which, corresponding to the movements of peripherischen Theilen aus auf die Binnenmasse einwirkenden trade proceeding from its extremities and acting on the Bewegungen des Welthandels entsprechend, und in Folge interior continent, and owing to the exceedingly modified der durch die Ungleichartigkeit der localen Bedingungen degrees of importance, which trade assumes there in conse- daselbst in mannichfaltigster Weise modificirten Tragweite quence of the diversity of local conditions, seem to deviate des letzteren, von den Linien, in welchen die Kitstencontour very considerably from the lines , which mark the coasts of des Welttheils verlauft, erheblich abzuweichen scheinen. that part of the world. Zunachst der Kiiste haben wir das besonders auf der Nearest the coast, especially extending across the nördlichen Hälfte des Continents tief eingreifende Gebiet der northern half of the continent , we have the district of fire- Feuerwaffen, welches mit Europa einen mehr oder minder arms , which maintains a more or less direct commercial directen Handelsverkehr unterhalt. Tiefer im Inneren be- intercourse with Europe. Proceecling further into the in- treten wir eine Region, welche der europaische Markt durch terior, , we enter a region, which the European market, by Vermittelung des eingeborenen Handels nur noch mit Baum- means of the indigenous trade, is only able to supply with wollenzeugen zur Kleidung der Bewohner zu versorgen ver- cotton stuffs for the clothing of the inhabitants. Lastly, mag. Im innersten Centralkerne des Continents schliesslich in the very heart of the continent spreads the territory, breitet sich das von jeder mittelbaren oder unmittelbaren which has hitherto remained almost wholly free from any Beriihrung mit der europäischen Welt fast noch ganzlich direct or indirect contact with the European world, and intact gebliebene Gebiet aus, in welchem die geringe Klei- where the scanty clothing of the natives is limited to home- dung der Eingeborenen sich auf selbstverfertigte Rinden- made bark-stuffs and skins. As intermediate between the zeuge und Felle beschrankt. Zwischen den beiden letzt- two last named we might mention a fourth district, if its genannten könnte man ein viertes Gebiet einschalten, gabe too vaguely defined relations in either direction did not sich dasselbe wegen allzu ungenauer Begrenzung seiner mark it out as a transition territory. Copper and glass- beiderseitigen Beziehungen nicht als ein Uebergangsgebiet beads here constitute the principal mediums of exchange zu erkennen; Kupfer und Glasperlen bilden in demselben in the intercourse of the tribes among each other, while, die Hauptwerthe im Verkehr der Völker untereinander und at the same time , this is the principal district of the slave es ist zugleich das Hauptgebiet des fiir den culturhistorischen trade, to which, indeed, the stagnant civilization of the Stillstand des ganzen Welttheils am meisten massgebenden entire Africa is chiefly attributable. Sklavenhandels; Diesen auf den Verkehr mit der Aussenwelt basirten To these cultural divisions, based on the intercourse Culturkreisen entspricht auch die Stufe des Kunst- und with the outer world, corresponds also the progress in art Gewerbefleisses, welche jedem Volke innerhalb der Gebiete and industry, which each tribe within the district has made zukommt (im heutigen Afrika kann freilich von Cultur, (in the Africa of to-day we can certainly speak of culture, von Kunst und Gewerben nur im bescheidensten Sinne die art, and industry in but a very limited sense), only that Rede sein), nur hat hier das Umgekehrte von dem statt, here we see the reverse taking place of what experience has was uns die Erfahrung im Entwickelungsgange der histo- taught us as to the steps in the development of the histor- rischen Völker an die Hand gegeben. Im Grossen und ical nations. On the whole it may be regarded as an Ganzen kann man es als eine feststehende Thatsache be- established fact, that international relations of all kinds, trachten, dass internationale Wechselbeziehungen aller Art, commercial intercourse, pacific and hostile immigrations VIII Handelsverbindungen, friedliche und kriegerische Einwan- have helped to raise many nations to a higher level of derungen vielen Völkern zu höherer Culturstufe verholfen civilization than either of the parties concerned had pre- haben als den einzelnen der contrahirenden Theile urspriing- viously attained. Intercourse has elevated nations, fertilized lich eigen war. Verkehr hob die Wlker, befruchtete ihr their intellectual and material existence, and heightened geistiges und materielles Dasein , erhöhte ihren Kunsttrieb, their mechanical skill by inciting them to imitate foreign indem er zur Nachahmung des Fremden oder zum Wetteifer productions or emulating them. Other nations again have mit demselben anspornte. Andere Völker sind wiederum been supplanted and extirpated by their contact with a durch den Contact mit einer fiberlegenen Cultur verdrångt superior culture. Neither process is witnessed in modern und ausgerottet worden. Keinen dieser beiden Vorgånge Africa. sehen wir im heutigen Afrika sich vollziehen. Die gewaltige Entwickelung des tausendjåhrigen Baumes The stupendous development of the millenarian tree altigyptischer Cultur, urspriinglich ein asiatisches auf afri- of ancient Egyptian culture, originally an Asiatic plant kanischen Stamm gepfropftes Reis, und andere befruchtende grafted upon an African stem, together with other fertilizing Einfifisse, welche zu verschiedenen Zeiten und an ver- influences, which, proceeding from the East, have at various schiedenen Stellen xon Osten her auf die Gesittung afrika- times and in various places affected the civilization of African nischer Völker eingewirkt haben, gehören långst entschwun- tribes, belong to remote periods of the world's history; that denen Perioden der Weltgeschichte an; diese Culturquelle source of culture seems to be exhausted for ever. At the scheint ffir immer versiegt. Heutzutage kann in Afrika nur present day we can speak only of European influences on von europäischen Einfliissen'die Rede sein , und diese wirken Africa, and these are destructive in their effects. It is true, zerstörend. Zwar hat sich in diesem Welttheile eine Ver- we have nowhere in that part of the world heard of any tribe drångung oder Vernichtung, in dem Sinne , wie sie sich being supplanted or annihilated in the sense, in which such denen der neuen Welt offenbarte, nirgends geltend gemacht, has been the case in the New World—its population is too 4m- dazu ist seine Volksmenge zu gross, der dargebotene Spiel- merous for that, the scope afforded too immense, the African raum zu unermesslich, der afrikanische Boclen zu wohl soil too well secured against any persecution —; but the gegen jede VerfolgUng gesichert; aber der Verkehr mit intercourse with the outer world, instead of fertilizing and der Aussenwelt, statt zu befruchten und zu beleben, hat animating, has everywhere had only a destructive effect iiberall nur zerstörend auf die autochthonen Kiinste ein- on native arts. gewirkt. Je grösser die Fortschritte gewesen , welche hin und The greater the progress has been, which occasirnally wieder in unserer Zeit ein afrikanisches Volk auf der Bahn in our time an African tribe has made on the path of der äusseren Gesittung gemacht, um so geringfiigiger ge- ext,ernal culture, the more its own productive power dimi- staltete sich die eigene Productionskraft, um so grösser nished, and the greater became its dependence for all the wnrde die Abhångigkeit in allen Bedürfnissen eines ver- wants of a more refined life on European industry, which, feinerteren Lebens von der europåisehen Industrie; denn incessantly intruding, excludes, from the beginning, all diese , unaufhaltsam sich aufdriingend, schliesst von vorn- home competition , and stifies every impulse of an innate herein jede inlåndische Coneurrenz aus und erstickt jede desire of imitation. The cheapness of the articles offered, Regung eines angeborenen Nachahmungstriebes. Die Wohl- on the one hand, and the good prices , which are paid for feilheit der dargebotenen Artikel auf der einen und die the raw produce of nature,
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