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ATP Cessna 172 Training Supplement

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ATP Cessna 172 Training Supplement Cessna 172 Training Supplement ATPFlightSchool.com Revised 2021-04-16 IMPORTANT NOTICE Refer to POH/AFM Do not use procedures listed without referencing the full procedures described in the approved Owner’s Manual, POH, or POH/AFM specific to the airplane you are flying. Endurance and fuel capacities may vary considerably depending on the specific model / serial number being flown and any modifications it may have. Copyright © 2021 Airline Transport Professionals. Configurations and throttle settings used throughout this manual are based on a 180 HP S-model 172, which will vary depending on the specific airplane and prevailing conditions. Do not use procedures listed without referencing the full procedures described in the approved Operators Manual or POH/AFM specific to the airplane you are flying. The content of this manual is furnished for informational use only, and is subject to change without notice. Airline Transport Professionals assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this manual. This manual does not replace the Cessna 172 Pilot Operating Handbook, FAA Airplane Flying Handbook, or Airman Certification Standards. Nothing in this manual shall be interpreted as a substitute for the exercise of sound judgement. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Airline Transport Professionals. To view recent changes to this supplement, visit: atpflightschool.com/changes/supp-172 Revised 2021-04-16 Contents Early & Late Model Overview ................... 1 Short-Field Approach & Landing .......................35 Soft-Field Approach & Landing .........................36 Aircraft Systems .......................................... 3 Power-Off 180° Approach & Landing ...............37 Late Model (R&S) ................................................3 Emergency Approach & Landing (Simulated) ...39 Early Model (L-N) Differences .............................6 Garmin G1000 ...................................................... 8 Crosswind Approach & Landing ........................40 GPS Setup .......................................................... 16 Go-Around .........................................................42 Missed Approach ...............................................43 Performance / Weight & Balance ..........18 Rejected or Balked Landing ..............................44 V-Speeds & Limitations ..................................... 18 Precision Approach ...........................................45 Sample Weight & Balance Problem ................... 19 Non-Precision Approach ...................................46 Formulas ............................................................20 Circling Approach ..............................................47 CG Envelope Graph ............................................20 Holding ..............................................................47 Departure Procedures .............................21 In-Flight Maneuvers ................................48 Passenger Briefing ...........................................21 Clean Configuration Flow ...................................48 Pre-Takeoff Briefing ..........................................21 Landing Configuration Flow ..............................48 Normal Takeoff ..................................................22 Steep Turns .......................................................49 Short-Field Takeoff ............................................23 Maneuvering During Slow Flight .......................49 Soft-Field Takeoff .............................................. 24 Power-Off Stall ...................................................50 Arrival Procedures ...................................25 Power-On Stall ................................................... 51 Summary of Final Approach Speeds Emergency Descent .......................................... 51 & Flap Settings ..................................................25 Rectangular Course ...........................................52 Cessna 172 Landing Criteria .............................25 S-Turns ..............................................................53 Good Planning = Good Landing .......................26 Turns Around A Point ........................................54 Approach Briefing – Verbalize the Plan ...........26 Chandelles .........................................................55 Announced Calls on Approach ..........................27 Lazy Eights ........................................................56 Stabilized Approach ..........................................27 Eights On Pylons ...............................................57 Aiming Point ......................................................28 Steep Spirals .....................................................58 Managing Energy ..............................................28 Accelerated Stall ................................................58 Pitch & Power ....................................................28 Secondary Stall (Power-On) ..............................59 Go Around Philosophy .......................................29 Secondary Stall (Power-Off) .............................59 Gust Factor ........................................................30 Elevator Trim Stall ..............................................60 Flap Setting .......................................................30 Cross-Control Stall .............................................60 Seat Position .....................................................30 Oral Review ................................................61 Traffic Pattern Operations ................................. 31 Normal Approach & Landing .............................32 Sample Oral Questions ...................................... 61 No-Flap Approach & Landing ............................34 172 & Archer Differences ........................65 SECTION 1 Early & Late Model Overview IMPORTANT: Aircraft information can be obtained from the Owner’s Manual, POH or POH/AFM (as appropriate for the model). Airplanes with engine modifications (and possibly increased gross weights) will have additional information in the Supplemental Airplane Flight Manual in Section 9. Refer to the official aircraft documents for ALL information. ATP Cessna 172 aircraft models include R / S models ( “Late Model”) and L through N models (“Early Model”). Over 90% of ATP's Cessna 172 fleet are Late Model. R-model Cessnas were introduced in 1996, and were the first to come factory- equipped with fuel-injected engines. Starting procedures are substantially different between the earlier models with carbureted engines and the later models with injected engines. Review the engine start procedures by referencing the latest ATP 172 checklist for the 172 model you will be flying. Model Number Year of Production 172 L 1971–72 172 M 1973–76 EARLY MODELS 172 N 1977–80 172 R 1996–2009 LATE 172 S 1998–Present MODELS Early & Late Model Overview • 1 NOTE: R-model 172s were originally delivered with 160-horsepower engines. However, ATP's R-model aircraft have received a propeller modification that provides for an increase to 180 horsepower (matching the S model), which in turn increases fuel burn and maximum allowable takeoff weight. ATP's early-model Cessna 172s have different combinations of engine horsepower and usable fuel. Some aircraft carry only 38 gallons of useable fuel, and have been modified with a 180-horsepower engine. These airplanes have an increased fuel burn and a significantly reduced endurance of approximately 3 hours in the training environment – even with full tanks. Calculate your fuel requirements carefully. Reference the aircraft manuals and placards for the appropriate information. Airworthiness and registration certificates, which list the aircraft model, can be found on the forward lower left interior cabin wall. Weight and balance information can be found in the blue aircraft maintenance logbook, as well as Section 6 of the POH. 2 • Early & Late Model Overview SECTION 2 Aircraft Systems Late Model (R&S) System descriptions are given first for Late Model aircraft, and then differences only for Early Models. Engine The 172 R and S models are equipped with a Lycoming, 4-cylinder, normally- aspirated, fuel-injected, 360 cubic inch, horizontally-opposed, air-cooled, direct-drive IO-360-L2A engine. This engine is rated at 180 HP at 2700 RPM as factory-delivered on S-models and as upgraded on R-models. (See note on page 2 regarding engine modifications.) Ignition is provided by 2 magnetos on the back of the engine which provide power to 8 spark plugs (2 per cylinder, for redundancy and more complete combustion). The engine has an 8-quart oil sump. ATP's minimum oil quantity for takeoff is 6.5 quarts. Propeller The engine drives a McCauley, 76 inch, two-blade, all-metal, fixed-pitch propeller. Vacuum System On aircraft with conventional flight instruments, two engine-driven vacuum pumps are located on the back of the engine, providing vacuum to the attitude and heading gyros. These have a normal operating range of 4.5-5.5 inches of mercury. Failure of a vacuum pump is indicated by an annunciator panel light. In most circumstances, failure of one pump alone will not cause the loss of any instruments, because the remaining pump should handle the entire vacuum demand. On aircraft with the G1000 glass cockpit, a single engine-driven vacuum pump provides vacuum to the
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