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Banten Lama Landmark Based on Visitors Perception

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Banten Lama Landmark Based on Visitors Perception BANTEN LAMA LANDMARK BASED ON VISITORS PERCEPTION Sangiru1, Maria Immaculata Ririk Winandari2, Etty Retnowati Kridarso3 1 Mahasiswa Program Studi Magister Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Sipil & Perencanaan 2,3Jurusan Arsitektur Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta Barat, Indonesia Email : [email protected] Abstract Old Banten Region is an area that is famous for trading at its time. Currently, related to the past glory this place turn into a religious tourist destination .There are still many relics of ancient buildings which show the image of the past glory as well as the element of the city image in Old Banten Region . This study has aim to explore the image of the city of Banten Lama based on visitors' visual perception. The research method uses visual perception method with a rating rating of 14 Landmarks (tetenger) selected based on case selection. Respondents consisted of 40 visitors. The results showed that the image of Banten Lama area based on visual perception of visitors was built based on the image of Banten Lama Great Mosque at 39.63%, Avalokitesvara Vihara 16.16% and Surosowan palace 9.76%. Keywords: Landmark, city image, visual perception, visitors, old Banten area 1. Background Old Banten as a strong City imagery or city identity regional image in Banten Province is very important for the shown by Banten Provincial development of a city; it can be a Regulation No. 2 of 2011 article 64 self-identity and attraction of a city or (a), the Banten Lama Area was region. The Old Banten Region designated a strategic area seen presents a visual image of from a cultural and social point of architectural splendor in the past view. From this explanation, the (Gulliot, 2008). As the time goes landmarks contained in the Banten by,, the Old Banten area which was Lama area greatly influence the once become the image of the identity of Banten Province. Banten Lama Region seemed to Wikantiyoso (2006) stated that, city lose its aura, this evidence shows identity is an important problem in by the number of buildings that have urban planning and design. Serang been damaged. The legacy of the BP3 (2005: 93-164) mentions relics gives color to the visualization several landmarks found in Banten and becomes a marker for the Lama area including Surosowan Banten region which is dubbed as Palace, Sultan Hasanuddin's Tomb, the city of santri (Inovasee, 2016). Banten Grand Mosque, High The image of the old city of Banten Chinatown Mosque, Complex of becomes important because it can Kaibon Palace, Fort Speelwijk, be used as a pointer or a marker of a Dutch Tomb (kerkhoff), Vihara location that can be recognized by Avalokitesvara , Gedong Ijo, Watu the community, both the surrounding Singayaksa, Tomb of Pangeran population and visitors from outside Sabrang Lor, Archaeological the Banten. Museum, and Karangantu Bridge. Imaging of a city cannot be built but city, the dead river which divides the formed by itself through the city center of the Gelora Samador introduction of physical objects stadium, and the trading area. On (buildings and other physical the other hand, The image of the elements) as well as non-physical Cimahi City (Wiryawan, 2003) is a objects (social activities) that are Military Area based on 100 Cimahi formed over time. The historical residents who are influenced by the aspect and the introduction of the heritage of historical buildings in the "image" captured by the urban city. Furthermore, the image of the community become important in the area on the Malioboro street of meaning of the regional image Yogyakarta (Winandari, 2002) based (Wikantiyoso, 2006). on 130 respondents shows that There is no research on the Malioboro is identical to pedestrian image of Banten Lama before. extending with a row of columns, However, some previous studies buildings with a height of 2 floors, have been conducted related to facades of gevel walls (rectangles people's perceptions of a city or with triangular roofed towers for region including the study of the colonial buildings and placement of image of cities such as in Maumere, billboards which does not interfere Cimahi, and Malioboro. The image of with the openings and facades of the the city of Maumere in NTT building. according to Kabupung (2012) was formed through the main route of the 2. Literature review closure, symmetry, continuity, and According to Lynch (1960), simplicity. landmarks are an important element The figure and ground of the city form ; an external element identify principle tells objects as a and a visual form that stands out form of building and the surrounding from the city, it helps people to orient environment considered as themselves in the city and help background. Meanwhile the similarity people recognize an area such as a principle states that objects located mountain or hill, tall buildings, close together or similar are towers, high marks, places of considered the same group and the worship, tall trees and so on. most prominent are referred to as Landmark will has better features if perceived objects. Proximity, this the shape is clear and unique in its principle states that objects that are environment, there are sequences almost the same or similar are of several landmarks (feel considered as a group, if there are comfortable in orientation), and there different objects that will be grouped are differences in their respective based on the equation, the equation scales. Moreover Suwarno stated can be seen from the shape, color (1989), city identity can be physical and quality. Closure, this principle (can be seen visually or invisible) states that people or people accept and non-physical. Physical form objects such as letters and images through visual perception can be as a whole that is intact even though grouped into seven Gestlat the object is presented in a non- principles as stated in (Thorne & intact form. Symmetry states that the Henley, 2005) as follow; the figure human mind tries to see the center and ground, similarity, proximity, of the object and considers all to be symmetrical. Continuity states that if an object is located straight, the Chinatown Mosque. In addition to object is considered a group. the mosque, there is the Surosowan Simplicity states that a person tends Palace which was built without a to see things from the simple to the fortress around the palace, the complex. Agung mosque which is located west Banten Lama Area is of the square as the main mosque located in Banten province, more with five interlocking roofs, and precisely in Banten Lama Village, Paseban Market as one of the Kasemen District in the northern city places to drive the economy (https: // of Serang, Banten Province. Banten sites. Lama Area is a Cultural Heritage google.com/site/nimusinstitut/arkeo- Area with a population of 92,988 architecture-site-banten-lama. inhabitants (BPS, 2016 Serang city) In the XVIII Century located approximately eight hundred (Colonial City), ditches and canals hectares, with various historical were built around Surosowan Palace relics. Communities in this region and Fort Spellwijk. The channel that mostly make a living in agriculture, adorns the chain bridge is aligned fisheries and trade. towards the east to the southern part In the sixteenth century of the Karang Antu market (Michrob, (the Royal Colony of Hindhu Budha 1989: 35). The Kaibon Palace was Padjajaran),Banten port and market built during this period, the Kaibon were built which became the center palace served as the center of of economic activity that used government but did not last long. Cibanten River as the primary The old temple in the Chinatown transportation element. In this village was destroyed and rebuilt but period, there were also residential its location was moved to the British clusters based on professions, as lodge (Customs), this temple was well as other primordial ties in the then named Avalokitesvara form of an enclave Monastery. The visual character of (https://sites.google.com/site/nimusin the Chinatown Region displays a stitut/arkeo-architecture-situs- cultural blend of Chinatowns that are banten-lama). inherited from generation to In the 16th Century (Early generation (Roosiana, 2002). Islamic City), the first mosque was Development in this era weakened built in Banten which was located due to the deteriorating economy. along the Cibanten River. This mosque is known as the High 3. Visual Peception Methods Banten and Jalan Bio Banten. The Visual research with focus of the research is the quantitative data processing and identification of landmarks in the qualitative analysis is used as the Banten Lama Area in terms of visitor research method. The steps taken perception. The research case was are; object selection, participant based on a multilevel selection on selection, questionnaire making, the selection of landmark objects data collection, data processing, and and participants. The building object analysis (Sanoff, 1991; Winandari, consisted of 14 selected landmarks 2002). The object of research is a based on location and data from the landmark in the Banten Lama Serang BP3. The location is along Region with a research locus along Jalan Banten Grand Mosque and the way of the Great Mosque of Jalan Bio Banten, from the Surosowan Palace to Avalokitesvara of the numbers related to public Vihara. perception of landmarks in the Old The Participants were 40 Banten region via the questionnaire. visitors of Banten Lama Region from Qualitative methods are used to outside Banten Lama who have high describe the reasons for choosing a school education up to Master Landmark that are considered degree. All participants have already appropriate or not in accordance visited Banten Lama. Participants with the image of the Old Banten were chosen randomly at the Region. The analysis process is research location. carried out by comparing responses The questionnaire is made between participants and base on the assessment criteria from observations of selected landmarks.
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