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EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)
EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Editors: Dr Jeroen Stevens Contact information: Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp – K. Astridplein 26 – B 2018 Antwerp, Belgium Email: [email protected] Name of TAG: Great Ape TAG TAG Chair: Dr. María Teresa Abelló Poveda – Barcelona Zoo [email protected] Edition: First edition - 2020 1 2 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (February 2020) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA APE TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analysed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. -
Planeta De Los Simios Miguel Abad Vila Centro De Saúde “Novoa Santos”
RMC Original JMM Darwin en el planeta de los simios Miguel Abad Vila Centro de Saúde “Novoa Santos”. Rúa Juan XXIII nº 6. 32003 Ourense (España). Correspondencia: Miguel Abad Vila. Avenida de la Habana, 21, 2º. 32003 Ourense (España). e‐mail: [email protected] Recibido el 21 de febrero de 2015; aceptado el 4 de marzo de 2015. Resumen Las relaciones entre primates humanos y no humanos han sido fuente de inspiración para la ciencia y el arte. El planeta de los simios/ Planet of the Apes (1968) de Franklin J. Schaffner representó el punto de partida para una serie de películas y series de televisión estructuradas en una hipotética sociedad donde los simios dominaban a los seres humanos. Palabras clave: evolución, primates, derechos de los animales, ciencia ficción. Summary The relationship between human and non‐human primates have been a source of inspiration for scien‐ ce and art. Planet of the Apes (1968) represented the starting point for a series of films and television series structured in a hypothetical dominated society where the apes dominate the humans. Keywords: Evolution, Primates, Rights of the animals, Science fiction. El autor declara que el trabajo ha sido publicado en gran parte con anterioridad1. El actual es una actualización. 203 Rev Med Cine 2015; 11(4): 203‐214 © Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca J Med Mov 2015; 11(4): 203‐214 M Abad Vila Darwin en el planeta de los simios “Hay ciento noventa y tres especies vivientes de simios y monos. El propio Boulle fue el galardonado con el Óscar al mejor Ciento noventa y dos de ellas están cubiertas de pelo. -
Uganda's Fading Luster: Environmental Security in the Pearl of Africa
Uganda’sUganda’s FadingFading Luster:Luster: EnvironmentalEnvironmental SecuritySecurity inin thethe PearlPearl ofof AfricaAfrica A Pilot Case Study Foundation for Environmental Security and Sustainability June 2006 “Yet it is not possible to descend the Nile continuously from its source at Ripon Falls without realizing that the best lies behind one. Uganda is the pearl.” - Winston Churchill, My African Journey, 1908. The Foundation for Environmental Security and Sustainability (FESS) is a public policy foundation established to advance knowledge and provide practical solutions for key environmental security concerns around the world. FESS combines empirical analysis with in-country research to construct policy-relevant analyses and recommendations to address environmental conditions that pose risks to national, regional, and global security and stability. Co-Executive Director: Ray Simmons Co-Executive Director: Darci Glass-Royal The Partnership for African Environmental Sustainability (PAES) is a non- governmental organization established to promote environmentally and socially sustainable development in Africa. PAES focuses on policy studies and assists countries to strengthen their capacities in four program areas: environmental security; sustainable development strategies; sustainable land management; and natural resource assessment. PAES is headquartered in Kampala, Uganda, with offices in Washington, D.C. and Lusaka, Zambia. President and CEO: Mersie Ejigu This report was produced in 2006 by the Foundation for Environmental Security and Sustainability. The principal writers were Mersie Ejigu, Christine Mataya, Jeffrey Stark, and Ellen Suthers. Additional contributions were made by field research team members Eric Dannenmaier, Joëlle DuMont, Sauda Katenda, Loren Remsburg, and Sileshi Tsegaye. Cover photo: Kabale District Christine Mataya Acknowledgement FESS would like to thank staff at USAID/EGAT/ESP in Washington, DC as well the USAID Mission in Kampala for their encouragement and support. -
Gnetum Value Chain1
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Win-wins in forest product value chains? How governance impacts the sustainability of livelihoods based on non-timber forest products from Cameroon Ingram, V.J. Publication date 2014 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ingram, V. J. (2014). Win-wins in forest product value chains? How governance impacts the sustainability of livelihoods based on non-timber forest products from Cameroon. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 7 Gnetum value chain1 This chapter presents the results of the in-depth analysis of the Gnetum spp. value chain originating from the Southwest and Littoral regions of Cameroon and extending to consumers in Nigeria and Europe. -
Non-Human Primates and Language: Paper
Non-human primates and language: paper http://www.angelfire.com/sc2/nhplanguage/ftpaper.html Language competence in NHPs An assessment of the field in the light of a 'universal grammar' "The Berlin wall is down, and so is the wall that separates man from chimpanzee." (Elizabeth Bates) "There is no debate, so I have no opinion." (Noam Chomsky) 0 Introduction The language competence of non-human primates is one of the most controversial issues in present-day linguistics, with disbelief ranging from bored indifference to vitriolic accusations of fraud. The present paper aims to assess the current state of debate from an open-minded, critical and detached perspective. In a first part, a brief outline of earlier research in the language abilities of non-human primates - more precisely of apes (bonobos, urang-utangs, chimpanzees and gorillas) - is sketched. The second part focusses on the landmark studies published by Dr. Emily Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and her colleagues. A third section looks into the views of the Chomskyan field, leading up to the concluding section on the innateness debate. 1 Early research on non-human primates' capability for language 1.1 Attempts to teach NHPs to speak The language capability of non-human primates has been a subject of research since the beginning of this century. In 1909 already did Witmer attempt to teach a chimpanzee to talk. He claims that the chimpanzee was capable of articulating the word ‘mama’. In 1916 Furness taught an orang-utan to say the words ‘papa’ and ‘cup’. After the unexpected death of this orang-utan, Kellogg and Kellogg wanted to follow up this work. -
Global Conservation Translocation Perspectives: 2021. Case Studies from Around the Globe
Global conservation Global conservation translocation perspectives: 2021 translocation perspectives: 2021 IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group Global conservation translocation perspectives: 2021 Case studies from around the globe Edited by Pritpal S. Soorae IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group (CTSG) i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or any of the funding organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. IUCN is pleased to acknowledge the support of its Framework Partners who provide core funding: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark; Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland; Government of France and the French Development Agency (AFD); the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea; the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad); the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and the United States Department of State. Published by: IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi & Calgary Zoo, Canada. Copyright: © 2021 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Soorae, P. S. -
Language and the Orang-Utan: the Old 'Person' of the Forest*
Language and the Orang-utan: The Old 'Person' of the Forest* H. LYN WHITE MILES I still maintain, that his [the orang-utan] being possessed of the capacity of acquiring it [language], by having both the human intelligence and the organs of pronunciation, joined to the dispositions and affections of his mind, mild, gentle, and humane, is sufficient to denominate him a man. Lord J. B. Monboddo, Of the Origin and Progress of Language, 17731 If we base personhood on linguistic and mental ability, we should now ask, 'Are orang-utans or other creatures persons?' The issues this question raises are complex, but certainly arrogance and ignorance have played a role in our reluctance to recognise the intellectual capacity of our closest biological relatives - the nonhuman great apes. We have set ourselves apart from other animals, because of the scope of our mental abilities and cultural achievements. Although there were religious perspectives that did not emphasise our estrangement from nature, such as the doctrine of St. Francis and forms of nature religions, the dominant Judeo-Christian tradition held that white 'man' was separate and was given dominion over the earth, including other races, women, children and animals. Western philosophy continued this imperious attitude with the views of Descartes, who proposed that animals were just like machines with no significant language, feelings or thoughts. Personhood was denied even to some human groups enslaved by Euro-American colonial institutions. Only a century or so ago, scholarly opinion held that the speech of savages was inferior to the languages of complex societies. While nineteenth-century anthropologists arrogantly concerned themselves with measurements of human skulls to determine racial superiority, there was not much sympathy for the notion that animals might also be persons. -
And Chimpanzees (P
eScholarship International Journal of Comparative Psychology Title Monitoring Spatial Transpositions by Bonobos (Pan paniscus) and Chimpanzees (P. troglodytes) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5099j6v4 Journal International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 13(1) ISSN 0889-3675 Authors Beran, Michael J. Minahan, Mary F. Publication Date 2000 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California - 1 - International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2000, 13, 1-15. Copyright 2000 by the International Society for Comparative Psychology Monitoring Spatial Transpositions by Bonobos (Pan paniscus) and Chimpanzees (P. troglodytes) Michael J. Beran and Mary F. Minahan Georgia State University, U.S.A. Two bonobos (Pan paniscus) and three chimpanzees (P. troglodytes) monitored spatial transpositions, or the simultaneous movement of multiple items in an array, so as to select a specific item from the array. In the initial condition of Experiment 1, food reward was hidden beneath one of four cups, and the apes were required to select the cup containing the reward in order to receive it. In the second condition, the test board on which the cups were located was rotated 180 degrees after placement of the food reward. In the third condition, two of the three cups switched locations with one another after placement of the food reward. All five apes performed at very high levels for these conditions. Ex- periment 2 was a computerized simulation of the tasks with the cups in which the apes had to track one of four simultaneously moving stimuli on a computer monitor. -
Protolanguage in Ontogeny and Phylogeny Combining Deixis and Representation
Protolanguage in ontogeny and phylogeny Combining deixis and representation Patricia Greenfield1, Heidi Lyn2 and E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh3 1University of California / 2University of St. Andrews / 3Great Ape Trust of Iowa We approach the issue of holophrasis versus compositionality in the emergence of protolanguage by analyzing the earliest combinatorial constructions in child, bonobo, and chimpanzee: messages consisting of one symbol combined with one gesture. Based on evidence from apes learning an interspecies visual com- munication system and children acquiring a first language, we conclude that the potential to combine two different kinds of semiotic element — deictic and rep- resentational — was fundamental to the protolanguage forming the foundation for the earliest human language. This is a form of compositionality, in that each communicative element stands for a single semantic element. The conclusion that human protolanguage was exclusively holophrastic — containing a proposition in a single word — emerges only if one considers the symbol alone, without tak- ing into account the gesture as a second element comprising the total message. Keywords: animal language, child language, bonobo, chimpanzee, evolution of communication, symbolic combination, holophrase, single-word utterances, two-word utterances, gesture Bickerton’s (1990) defines protolanguage as a form of language that is part of our biological heritage but lacks most of the formal properties of full-blown human language. Her uses modern-day “fossils” including early child language and the interspecies communication of chimpanzees as clues to reconstruct the protolan- guage that evolved into modern human language. Bickerton begins his accounts of protolanguage with word combinations. However, utilizing data from ape and child language, we begin protolanguage with an earlier form of communication, single words. -
Impact of Human Activities on Cross River Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla Diehli Habitats in the Mawambi Hills, Southwest Cameroon
Vol. 20: 167–179, 2013 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published online April 23 doi: 10.3354/esr00492 Endang Species Res Impact of human activities on Cross River gorilla Gorilla gorilla diehli habitats in the Mawambi Hills, southwest Cameroon Denis Ndeloh Etiendem1,2,*, Nikki Tagg2,3, Luc Hens4, Zjef Pereboom2 1Human Ecology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium 2Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, Antwerp 2018, Belgium 3Projet Grands Singes (PGS), BP 5619 Nlongkak, Yaoundé, Cameroon 4Vlaamse instelling voor Technologish Onderzoek NV (VITO), Roderveldlaan 5, Antwerp 2600, Belgium ABSTRACT: Most forest habitats in Cameroon support villages whose inhabitants are heavily reliant on the forests for their everyday needs. We assessed the socio-economic status and natural resource use of 3 villages bordering Mawambi Hills, an unprotected forest in southwest Cameroon, home to both the Critically Endangered Cross River gorilla Gorilla gorilla diehli and the Endangered Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee Pan troglodytes ellioti. This forest likely hosts one of the largest sub-populations of Cross River gorillas in Cameroon and is vulnerable to human influence given that it lies in close proximity to surrounding villages and is less hilly than other Cross River gorilla habitats. We show that employment opportunities in surrounding villages are rare, and people rely on agriculture and the collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), such as eru Gnetum spp. and bush mango Irvingia spp., for food and income. We also show that areas of heavy human activity coincide spatially with great ape nest sites and raise concerns about the potential impact of human activities on great ape survival at the site. -
Pan-Homo Culture and Theological Primatology
Page 1 of 9 Original Research Locating nature and culture:Pan-Homo culture and theological primatology Author: Studies of chimpanzee and bonobo social and learning behaviours, as well as diverse 1,2 Nancy R. Howell explorations of language abilities in primates, suggest that the attribution of ‘culture’ to Affiliations: primates other than humans is appropriate. The underestimation of primate cultural and 1Saint Paul School of cognitive characteristics leads to minimising the evolutionary relationship of humans and Theology, Overland Park, other primates. Consequently my claim in this reflection is about the importance of primate Kansas, United States studies for the enhancement of Christian thought, with the specific observation that the bifurcation of nature and culture may be an unsustainable feature of any world view, which 2Department of Dogmatics and Christian Ethics, includes extraordinary status for humans (at least, some humans) as a key presupposition. University of Pretoria, Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The scientific literature concerning South Africa primate studies is typically ignored by Christian theology. Reaping the benefits of dialogue Correspondence to: between science and religion, Christian thought must engage and respond to the depth of Nancy Howell primate language, social, and cultural skills in order to better interpret the relationship of nature and culture. Email: [email protected] Postal address: Introduction 4370 West 109th Street, Suite 300, Overland Park, Concentration keeps me attentive to details, but also makes me selective about what is pushed Kansas 66211-1397, to margins. Sometimes I regret what I have missed. On a visit to the Iowa Primate Learning United States Sanctuary a few years ago, I was intensely focused on committee business at hand. -
It Has Been Over Thirty Years Since Peter Singer Introduced
kari weil A Report on the Animal Turn It has been over thirty years since Peter Singer introduced the term speciesism into philosophical parlance and wrote eloquently against a form of discrimination that went largely unnoticed both inside and outside academia. But while Singer has had enormous influence over the years in the area of animal rights, his effort to put the discrimination against non- human species on par with the prejudicial treatment and injustices caused by sexism or racism has had less success; the fight against speciesism has not had the same force in the academy, perhaps until now. In the past few years there has been an explosion of conferences, books, and discussion networks around the question of the animal. On the online discussion network H-Net Animal, a lively and heated discussion took place on the questions of what animal studies is, whether it is already or should become a new discipline, and if so, whether it should model itself on women’s stud- ies or ethnic studies. Such questions are both pertinent and misconceived. Women’s studies and ethnic studies programs demanded that the academy acknowledge and address the underrepresentation and misrepresentation of groups of people under the forces of sexism and racism. This redress was Volume 21, Number 2 doi 10.1215/10407391-2010-001 © 2010 by Brown University and differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies Downloaded from http://read.dukeupress.edu/differences/article-pdf/21/2/1/374367/diff212_01Weil.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 2 A Report on the Animal Turn to be done not only by focusing on gaps and misrepresentations but also, and more important, by bringing the voices of women and minorities into the academy to write and represent themselves.