Analysing Historical Significance Through the Representation of Couples in South African History Textbooks
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ANALYSING HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE THROUGH THE REPRESENTATION OF COUPLES IN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS. BY PHUMZA PRECIOUS MBOBO Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Education (History Education) At the University of KwaZulu-Natal 2018 Supervisor: Dr MT Maposa Co Supervisor: Dr MC Kgari-Masondo i DECLARATION I Phumza Precious Mbobo declare that (i) The research reported in this dissertation, except where otherwise indicated, is my original work. (ii) This dissertation has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. (iii) This dissertation does not contain other persons’ data, pictures, graphs or other information, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other persons. (iv) This dissertation does not contain other persons’ writing, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, then: a) their words have been re-written but the general information attributed to them has been referenced; b) where their exact words have been used, their writing has been placed inside quotation marks, and referenced. (v) This dissertation does not contain text, graphics or tables copied and pasted from the Internet, unless specifically acknowledged, and the source being detailed in the dissertation and in the References sections. Signed: ___________________ Signed: __________________ i SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION As the candidate’s supervisors, we agree to the submission of this dissertation. Dr. M.T Maposa Dr. C Kgari-Masondo ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge God above whose unconditional and holistic love has been my rock and fortress of strength in completing this thesis - I am nothing without my God. Secondly, I would like to thank my supervisors Dr M.T Maposa and Dr M.C Kgari- Masondo who have been more than supervisors to me and have also gone to the extent of being my parents. Thank you for accepting me as I am and my crazy ideas which you have harnessed and are evident in this unique thesis. Thank you for your constant support and not giving up on me but instead pushing me and supporting me steadfastly throughout. I am eternally grateful, thank you. I would also like to thank Ms. Nonhlanhla Makhoba who is my beloved mentor, mother and friend for her constant support and love throughout this journey. I love and appreciate you. Not forgetting my critical friend Ms Dineo Felicia Mosina, thank you and I love and appreciate you very much. To my amazing brothers, Ntobeko E. Mbobo and Andile M. Mbobo who have been a constant source of uncompromising and much needed tough love, without your support and consistency in my life this thesis would not be what it is. Thank you big bro one and two, I love you very much. Lastly my gratitude goes to Angela … who meticulously language edited this manuscript. To all the above I would like to say: God bless you abundantly. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this Masters’ thesis to my parents Nokuthula Doreen Mbobo and Mphumeleo Templeton Mbobo. Thank you for your constant and unconditional love. Your strength and support through this journey have been beyond phenomenal and I love and thank you very much for all that you have done and continue to do for me. As God has blessed me so will I bless you one hundred times more because I love you and I want to continue to make you proud. iv ABSTRACT This study was motivated by the lacuna in academia on the concept of historically significant couples even though historical significance is one of the most cardinal second order concepts in History. Situated within the interpretivist paradigm, this study applies content analysis in answering the only research question in this study: How are historically significant couples represented in South African History textbooks? The findings show that historically significant couples are represented in various ways in the analyzed South African History textbooks. They are represented as couples of contemporary historical significance; couples of pattern historical significance; couples of symbolic historical significance; couples of revelatory historical significance and couples of causal historical significance. Therefore, how are historically significant couples represented in South African history textbooks? They are represented as historically significant based on their influence as a couple in various historically significant events in South Africa. Keywords: Historical significance; couples; History textbooks v ACRONYMS FET Further Education and Training CAPS Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement MUFC Mandela United Football Club SAP South African Police C-10 A SAP unit that specialised in counter-insurgency RE Relationship Enhancement ANC African National Congress ANCYL African National Congress Youth League IFP Inkatha Freedom Party CNE Christian National Education CP Communist Party NP National Party SADF South African Democratic Front BC Black Consciousness SASO South African Student Organisation UNNE University of Natal Non-European MK uMkhonto WeSizwe SACP South African Communist Party SA South Africa vi FIGURES FIGURE COUPLE 4.2.1. Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi and Nelson Mandela 4.2.2. Nelson Mandela and Oliver Tambo 4.2.3. Nelson and Winnie Mandela 4.2.4. Albertina and Walter Sisulu 4.2.5. Nelson Mandela and P.W Botha 4.2.6. F.W De Klerk and Nelson Mandela 4.2.7. Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu 4.2.8. Adelaide and Oliver Tambo 4.2.9. Nontsikelelo and Steve Biko vii CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................................... i SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION .................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ iii DEDICATION..................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... v ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................... vi FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................... 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY .................................................................................. 1 1.1. Introduction: Background to the study and framing the context ........................... 1 1.2. Purpose and focus for the study ........................................................................... 3 1.3. Research question................................................................................................ 3 1.4. Rationale and motivation for the study ................................................................ 3 1.5. Conceptual framework for the study .................................................................... 4 1.6. Research design and methodology ....................................................................... 6 1.7. Outline of the Study ............................................................................................ 9 1.8. Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................ 11 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 11 2.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 11 2.2. Historical Significance ...................................................................................... 13 2.3. Conceptual framework for historical significance ................................................. 22 2.4. The historical significance of couples ................................................................... 23 CHAPTER THREE......................................................................................................... 41 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 41 3.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 41 3.2. Interpretivist paradigm ...................................................................................... 42 3.3. Qualitative approach ......................................................................................... 43 3.4. Ontological and epistemological assumptions. ................................................... 44 3.5. Research design................................................................................................. 45 3.6 Research methodology ...................................................................................... 47 3.7. Ethical clearance .................................................................................................. 52 3.8. Trustworthiness and rigour ................................................................................ 52 3.9. Limitations .......................................................................................................