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Redalyc.Macrobentos Asociado Con Una Población De Anthothoe Ciencias Marinas ISSN: 0185-3880 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Baja California México Excoffon, Adriana C.; Genzano, Gabriel N.; Zamponi, Mauricio O. Macrobentos asociado con una población de Anthothoe chilensis (Lesson, 1830) (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) en el puerto de mar del Plata, Argentina Ciencias Marinas, vol. 25, núm. 2, junio, 1999, pp. 177-191 Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ensenada, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48025202 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Ciencias Marinas (1999), 25(2): 177–191 MACROBENTOS ASOCIADO CON UNA POBLACIÓN DE Anthothoe chilensis (LESSON, 1830) (CNIDARIA, ACTINIARIA) EN EL PUERTO DE MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA MACROBENTHOS ASSOCIATED WITH A POPULATION OF Anthothoe chilensis (LESSON, 1830) (CNIDARIA, ACTINIARIA) IN MAR DEL PLATA HARBOR, ARGENTINA Adriana C. Excoffon* Gabriel N. Genzano¹ Mauricio O. Zamponi¹ Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios Departamento de Ciencias Marinas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Funes 3250 (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina ¹ CONICET * E-mail: [email protected] Recibido en agosto de 1998; aceptado en enero de 1999 RESUMEN La diversidad y variaciones estacionales de 54 taxa del macrobentos asociados con una población de la anémona Anthothoe chilensis fueron estudiadas en el puerto de Mar del Plata, Argentina. Los organismos fueron recolectados estacionalmente mediante buceo entre los 2 y 3 m de profundidad. El número de individuos asociado fue variable, presentando los máximos valores en verano (2110.7 ± 368.8ind/100 cm²). En la comunidad analizada, los crustáceos fueron dominantes; los anfípodos fueron los más abundantes, pero sólo los gamáridos mostraron una estacionalidad evidente, con una notoria dominancia en verano (1868 ± 373.2 ind/100 cm²). Por lo tanto, la diversidad y la uniformidad mostraron los valores más bajos durante esta estación, pero el descenso en el número de crustáceos a fines de verano implicó una mayor uniformidad tanto de la abundancia como de la diversidad en el resto del año. Los nemátodos (174.9 ± 34.2 ind/100 cm²) y los poliquetos cirratúlidos (80.5 ind/100 cm²) fueron abundantes en los periodos fríos. Los picnogónidos mostraron su mayor abundancia (63.97 ind/100 cm²) y riqueza específica (4) en primavera y hallan refugio y sustrato en los briozoos Bugula stolonifera y Bicelariella sp., también presentes en este periodo. Anthothoe chilensis se presenta todo el año y forma densos parches, con abundancia mínima en primavera (91.5 ± 1.0 ind/100 cm²). El actiniario Tricnidactis errans fue hallado coexistiendo con A. chilensis pero en menor número (0.5 ± 0.5 a 4.33 ± 2.92 ind/100 cm²). Palabras clave: Actiniaria, asociación, macrobentos, Mar del Plata, Argentina. ABSTRACT Diversity and seasonal variations of 54 macrobenthic taxa associated with a population of the sea anemone Anthothoe chilensis were studied at Mar del Plata harbor, Argentina. Sea anemones and their 177 Ciencias Marinas, Vol. 25, No. 2, 1999 associated flora and fauna were collected seasonally by diving between 2 and 3 m depth. The number of associated individuals was variable, with highest values in summer (2110.7 ± 368.8 ind/100 cm²). In the community analyzed, crustaceans were dominant; amphipods were the most abundant, but only gammarids showed a seasonal abundance, being dominant during summer (1868 ± 373.2 ind/100 cm²). Therefore, diversity and evenness showed the lowest values during this season, but the decrease in the number of crustaceans in late summer resulted in greater uniformity of abundance and diversity in the other periods. Nematodes (174.9 ± 34.2 ind/100 cm²) and cirratulid polychaetes (80.5 ind/100 cm²) were most abundant during the cold season. Pycnogonids showed their greatest abundance (63.97 ind/100 cm²) and species richness (4) in spring; these organisms find refuge and substrate among the bryozoans Bugula stolonifera and Bicelariella sp., which were most abundant in the same season. Anthothoe chilensis was found throughout the year forming dense patches, with minimal abundance in spring (91.5 ± 1.0 ind/100 cm²). The actiniarian Tricnidactis errans was observed coexisting with A. chilensis, but in low number (0.5 ± 0.5 to 4.33 ± 2.92 ind/100 cm²). Key words: Actiniaria, assemblages, macrobenthos, Mar del Plata, Argentina. INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCTION Los estudios de la ecología de los actiniarios Ecological studies of the actiniarians of the del Mar Argentino se restringen a las poblaciones Argentine Sea are restricted to intertidal popula- de anémonas intermareales de los sustratos duros tions of anemones of hard bottoms of Mar del de Mar del Plata (Zamponi, 1976, 1979a, 1980; Plata (Zamponi, 1976, 1979a, 1980; Acuña and Acuña y Zamponi, 1995a, b, 1996a, b). Son esca- Zamponi, 1995a, b, 1996a, b). There are few ref- sas las referencias de las especies de sustratos erences to species of sublittoral hard bottoms duros sublitorales (Zamponi, 1976; Excoffon et (Zamponi, 1976; Excoffon et al., 1997), due to the al., 1997) debido a la complejidad de este complexity of the environment and difficult ambiente y a su difícil acceso. access. En el puerto de Mar del Plata, los estudios de Studies of benthic invertebrates in Mar del invertebrados bénticos enfatizaron la diversidad y Plata harbor have reported the diversity and dinámica de la comunidad adherida a los paneles dynamics of the community attached to artificial artificiales utilizados para el estudio del “fouling” panels used to study fouling (Bastida, 1968, 1969; (Bastida, 1968, 1969; Stupak et al., 1980). Stupak et al., 1980). Ramirezia balsae Zamponi, Ramirezia balsae Zamponi, 1979 fue la única 1979 was the only anemone found in this commu- anémona hallada en esta comunidad (Zamponi, nity (Zamponi, 1979b). However, there are many 1979b). Sin embargo, existen numerosas especies cnidarian species of the rocky bottom that were de Cnidaria en el sustrato rocoso que no fueron not found on these panels. The anemones halladas en dichos paneles. Las anémonas Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849, Oulactis Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849, Oulactis muscosa Dana, 1849 and Aulactinia reynaudi muscosa Dana, 1849 y Aulactinia reynaudi (Milne-Edwards, 1857) tend to colonize vertical (Milne-Edwards, 1857) suelen colonizar las walls. They are less frequent on horizontal rocky paredes verticales. En los sustratos rocosos hori- bottoms, but it is common to find considerably zontales estas especies están menos representa- large patches of the acontiarian anemone das, pero es común hallar parches de considerable Anthothoe chilensis (Lesson, 1830). extensión, formados por la anémona acontiaria In Mar del Plata, A. chilensis ranges from the Anthothoe chilensis (Lesson, 1830). intertidal to depths greater than 60 m (Excoffon et En Mar del Plata, A. chilensis se distribuye al., 1997; Zamponi et al., 1998). In the rocky desde el intermareal hasta profundidades intertidal there are small, well-defined patches 178 Excoffon et al.: Macrobentos asociado con Anthothoe chilensis superiores a los 60 m (Excoffon et al., 1997; that reproduce asexually and are represented by Zamponi et al., 1998). En el intermareal rocoso unisexual clones (Excoffon, 1993; Excoffon and forma pequeñas agregaciones bien definidas que Acuña, 1998). However, in the infralittoral zone se reproducen asexualmente y están representadas of Mar del Plata harbor, there are large patches of por clones unisexuales (Excoffon, 1993; Excoffon this species where both sexes occur, indicating y Acuña, 1998). Sin embargo, en la zona that the population presents both modes of infralitoral del puerto de Mar del Plata, existen reproduction. extensas agregaciones de esta especie donde This study aims to analyze the diversity and ambos sexos están representados; ello indica que seasonality of the macrobenthos associated with la población presenta ambos tipos de the population of A. chilensis in Mar del Plata reproducción. harbor, Argentina. Even though there are works El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la diver- on the ecological aspects of anemones of sidad y estacionalidad del macrobentos asociado neighboring intertidal zones (Zamponi, 1976, con las agregaciones de A. chilensis en el puerto de 1979a, 1980; Acuña and Zamponi, 1995a, b, Mar del Plata, Argentina. Si bien existen trabajos 1996a, b), this is the first to deal with sublittoral acerca de los aspectos ecológicos de anémonas de anemones. zonas intermareales aledañas (Zamponi, 1976, 1979a, 1980; Acuña y Zamponi, 1995a, b, 1996a, MATERIAL AND METHODS b), éste es el primero referido a anémonas sublitorales. The samplings were conducted seasonally during 1994 in Mar del Plata harbor, Argentina MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS (38º02¢S, 57º32¢W). The surface temperature of the water was also recorded: 24 March = summer, Las recolecciones fueron realizadas estacio- TºC = 20.5; 22 June = autumn, TºC = 12.5; nalmente durante 1994 en el puerto de Mar del 9September = winter, TºC = 11.0; and 21 Decem- Plata, Argentina (38º02¢S, 57º32¢W), y se registró ber = spring, TºC = 19.5. The description and la temperatura superficial del agua: 24 de marzo = environmental characteristics of the study area verano, TºC = 20.5; 22 de junio = otoño, TºC = can be found in Bastida et al. (1980). 12.5; 9 de septiembre = invierno, TºC = 11.0; y SCUBA divers collected all the organisms 21de diciembre = primavera, TºC = 19.5. La found in a 20 ´ 20 cm area of rocky substrate descripción del área de muestreo y de sus carac- between 2 and 3 m depth. Three replicas were terísticas ambientales figura en Bastida et al. obtained in summer, autumn and spring, but only (1980). one sample was taken in winter due to bad Mediante técnicas de buceo autónomo weather conditions. (SCUBA), entre los 2 y 3 m de profundidad, se The organisms were placed in polyethylene recolectaron todos los organismos hallados en un bags and fixed in situ in 5% formol.
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