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Plano De Manejo Final Versão Projur REVISAO 05 Reparado__V2 CENTRO DE PESQUISAS E CONSERVAÇÃO DA NATUREZA - 2011 - 1 Reitor: Dr. Ir. Joaquim Clotet Vice-Reitor: Dr. Ir. Evilázio Borges Teixeira Pró-Reitor de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação: Dr. Jorge Luis Nicolas Audy Pró-Reitor de Administração e Finanças: Dr. Paulo Roberto Girardello Franco Diretora do Instituto do Meio Ambiente: Dra. Betina Blochtein Coordenador Científico do Instituto do Meio Ambiente: Dr. Jorge Alberto Villwock Coordenador do Pró-Mata: Dr. Cláudio Augusto Mondin Corpo Técnico: Encarregado Administrativo do Pró-Mata: Paulo Rubem Becker Secretária do Pró-Mata: Maria da Graça Campolongo Coiro Equipe Executora: Dra. Betina Blochtein Dr. Jorge Alberto Villwock Dr. Cláudio Augusto Mondin Dr. Régis Alexandre Lahm Dra. Carla Fontana Me. Letícia Hoppe Me. Donarte Nunes dos S. Junior Dr. Eduardo de Oliveira Wilk Dr. Ricardo Silva Pereira Mello Revisor Editorial: Dr. Luciano de Azevedo Moura Revisor Técnico: Dr. Luís Fernando Carvalho Perello 2 Colaboradores Dr. Aino Victor Avila Jacques Dr. Arno Antônio Lise Dr. Axel Kwet Dra. Birgit Harter-Marques Dra. Carla Suertegaray Fontana Dr. Carlos Alberto S. Lucena Dra. Cristina Vargas Cademartori Dr. Eduardo Eizirik Dr. Élio Corseuil Dr. Evandro Fernandes de Lima Dra. Glaucia Maria Funk Pontes Dr. Jeter Jorge Bertoletti Dr. Jochen Ketterl Dr. José Francisco Pezzi da Silva Dr. José Willibaldo Thomé Dr. Julio César Bicca-Marques Dr. Klaus Balke Dra. Lílian Eggers Dr. Márcio Borges Martins Dr. Marcos Di-Bernardo Dra. Maria Rotraut-Conter Dra. Mariana Fleig Dr. Markus Maier Dr. Mirco Solé Dr. Nelson Ivo Matzenbacher Dr. Patrick Colombo Dr. Rainer Wagelaar Dr. Ralf Baaske Dr. Roberto Esser dos Reis Dr. Roland Irslinger Dra. Rosane Vera Marques Dr. Rudi Seitz Dr. Stefan Ruge Dra. Susi Missel Pacheco Me. Tabajara Krüger Moreira Dr. Werner Grüninger Dr. Wolf Engels Dr. Wolfgang Tzschupke Dra. Zilda Margarete S. de Lucena 3 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO INSTITUTO DO MEIO AMBIENTE PLANO DE MANEJO Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza PRÓ-MATA Apoio AGOSTO, 2011 4 SUMÁRIO 1. Aspectos gerais ......................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Introdução ........................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Bases legais para a conservação da Mata Atlântica ............................................ 15 1.2.1 O Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) ...................... 16 1.2.2 O Sistema Estadual de Unidades de Conservação (SEUC) ...................... 24 1.3 O CPCN Pró-Mata no contexto da conservação da Mata Atlântica ..................... 31 1.3.1 O papel das áreas protegidas particulares ................................................ 31 1.3.2 A importância do CPCN Pró-Mata ............................................................. 34 2. Contexto Regional ..................................................................................................... 37 2.1 Enquadramento geopolítico ................................................................................. 37 2.2 Enquadramento morfoclimático ........................................................................... 43 2.3 Enquadramento biogeográfico ............................................................................. 43 2.4 Unidades de conservação existentes na região ................................................... 44 2.5 Geo-história da região ......................................................................................... 47 2.5.1 O processo de ocupação humana ............................................................. 47 3. O Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza Pró-Mata ................................. 48 3.1 Localização, descrição dos limites e principais acessos ...................................... 50 3.2 Histórico administrativo do CPCN Pró-Mata ........................................................ 51 3.3 Justificativas para a implantação e resultados de longo prazo esperados para o CPCN Pró-Mata ........................................................................................................ 53 4. Caracterização do Meio Físico e do Meio Biótico ...................................................... 53 4.1 Geologia, Geomorfologia e Pedologia ................................................................. 53 4.1.1 Embasamento Geológico .......................................................................... 53 4.1.2 Unidades de Paisagem ............................................................................. 55 4.1.3 Evolução Morfogenética da Paisagem ...................................................... 60 4.1.4 Solos ......................................................................................................... 66 4.2 Clima ................................................................................................................... 69 4.3 Hidrografia ........................................................................................................... 73 4.3.1 As Águas Superficiais ............................................................................... 73 4.3.2 As Águas Subterrâneas ............................................................................ 73 4.4 Qualidade das Águas Superficiais ....................................................................... 77 5 4.5 Vegetação e Flora ............................................................................................... 78 4.5.1 Vegetação ................................................................................................. 78 4.5.2 Flora.......................................................................................................... 93 4.6 Fauna ................................................................................................................ 144 4.6.1 Enquadramento zoogeográfico ............................................................... 144 4.6.2 Aspectos Gerais ...................................................................................... 146 4.6.3 Integridade .............................................................................................. 194 4.6.4 Espécies de Interesse Especial............................................................... 197 4.6.5 Espécies Exóticas ................................................................................... 201 4.6.6 Importância Biológica da Fauna .............................................................. 201 4.7 Principais Pressões e Ameaças à Biodiversidade. ............................................ 205 4.8 Outros Grupos de Interesse .............................................................................. 206 5. Zoneamento do CPCN Pró-Mata ............................................................................. 207 6. Corredores Ecológicos ............................................................................................ 211 7. Integração com a Comunidade do Entorno/Região de Abrangência ....................... 212 8. Programas Operacionais e de Manejo .................................................................... 213 8.1 Programa de Administração .............................................................................. 213 8.1.1 Infraestrutura ........................................................................................... 214 8.1.2 Pessoal ................................................................................................... 215 8.2 Criação de Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) ........................... 217 8.2.1 Programa de Proteção ............................................................................ 217 8.2.2 Indicação e sinalização dos limites da área............................................. 217 8.2.3 Fiscalização ............................................................................................ 217 8.2.4 Integração com os órgãos de proteção ambiental ................................... 217 8.3 Programa Integrado de Pesquisa ...................................................................... 217 8.3.1 Avaliação de novos projetos de pesquisa ............................................... 217 8.3.2 Inclusão dos Projetos no Sipesq ............................................................. 218 8.3.3 Pesquisas prioritárias para a gestão/conservação do CPCN Pró-Mata ... 218 8.4 Programa de Manejo e Monitoramento .............................................................. 219 8.4.1 Manejo das áreas de campo natural ....................................................... 219 8.4.2 Recuperação de habitats e manejo de espécies exóticas ....................... 219 8.5 Programa de Educação Ambiental e Extensão Socioambiental ......................... 221 8.5.1 Atividades junto às comunidades do entorno .......................................... 221 8.5.2 Elaboração de base de dados informatizada sobre o CPCN Pró-Mata ... 222 6 8.5.3 Disponibilização online das informações geradas nos projetos de pesquisa ...................................................................................................................... 222 8.5.4 Elaboração de material científico e de divulgação sobre a biodiversidade do CPCN Pró-Mata .......................................................................................................... 222 8.5.5 Divulgação das potencialidades do Pró-Mata no meio acadêmico .......... 222 8.6 Programas de Captação de Recursos,
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