Bob Smith (cc Bernabei, leech) re your 12/8 and enc. 12/7 12/9/71

Pursuit of the tracing of the pistol strikes me as a rather worthwhile research project. Perhaps you can also go further with the rifle order than Hoch and I have, but I think you may want to check my file on this. I also think Paul's recollection will be much better than mine on this. worked on it together and he has copies of eveyything I have.

A general comments Bernabei ie an authentic expert, and I think you should send him a copy of your 12/7 memo with attachments (I have not time now to read the attachments but I respond in order that this not get forgotten in the press of too many things). What may seem reasonable on the basis of logic may not be on the basis of ballistics, for example. I am sending him the carbon of your 12/8 to we.

What Hoch and I have includes even the copies of the Pegazines the Fitt dusted (negatvely as I recall) fromAlba and reports (inadequate) on the tracing of the magazines there. It seems to me that there was a mysteriously, pretendedly official visitor before the FBI.

An assortment of people, including Garrison and I think Sprague, have conjectured that some kind of explosive ammo was used. Leon Davidson postulated ice bullets. I see no reason for anything like these farout things, particularly not if the Pi-C was planted to be found and was not used, as is my belief. They needlessly complicate the entire affair and intro- duce ( £ernabei can tell you if this is wrong) hazards in return for no gain. The most important single factor in a successful assassination, aside from the competence of the shooters, is true flight of the projectiles. Explosive bullets and things of that sort are not as dependable in flight and, with good marksmen, serve no real need. The weapon and the type of ammo used depend upon the conditions of the assassination. For example, if it were to be other than close (and any part of Dealey Plaza is close to the most remote part in terms of shooting) a small-calibre, high-velocity ammo is best, for the lighter weight of the projectile and its higher velocity give it a flatter trajectory over a longer range. And this kind of ammo, in the readily-available hunting or varminting varieties, is designed to mushroom and fragment on impact, a humanitarian consideration when used against RnimIls. Larger calibres behave similarly, but they require more opposition in fragmenting and mushrooming. This remains relatively little opposition. As bernabei explained it to me in the King assassination, the use of .30-06 rather than .243 in the Remington Lokt-Core line makes it more likely that the shot would be a success were the window of a car to have been between the shooter and the victim, the difference being accounted for my the greater mass of the .30-06 and thelarger size of the projectile' tending to carry more of it to the target. He can probably explain this better than I, or you can see his explanation in my files.

It is my recollection that what I located in the Archives includes or fits what Hoch had that shows the torn part of the page is identical with the missing piece sent to Klein's. One aspect that may be worth further inquiry is t e dependability of the handwriting analysis on which, as I recall, all that order hangs.

I also have a Remington catalogue you might find interesting. It pictures and describes all the ammo they make and gives the characteristics. I also have relevant pages from standard spurces on the kinds of ammo that could have been used in the King case. Some may help.

First I would add this opinion: we have to get away from the hangup that military ammo was used in the crime. 1 do not believe it was and, aside from the alleged traces of copper found on the JFK clothing in back only, which does not mean military ammo but includes it, there is no evidence of which I know indicating that it was. The behavior, or the behavior as we have been told and as we have been able to reconstruct, indicates that it wasn't and it was the worst kind to use for that job. Until I can arrange the printing of POST NORTEK I am not disclosing all I have on this. The simplest persuasion is the spectro case. If it backed the official mythology, do you doubt for a moment they'd withhold it and force me to court on it? Rather would they be anxious for it to be keown. And my work on the pictures I showed you and in summer before the one past has gone very far forward. The entire story is false. All of it, in all particulars. l'AA Af4r,,..1,..-,111.1.04-3,4,111.40WWWWIMMWanab.41A

There is another possibility in "late issue" other than currency in the ad, one I consider more likely. "Issue" has a special meaning,in the military. I think as used in this ad it may well have been intended to mean a later model, one issued to the troops later.

On substitutions, particularly on inexpensive items bought by nailL 1 haven't used the mail-order houses much in recent years, but it was always the standard practise to substitute the similar if available when what was ordered was not. In those cases, it seems to me an order clerk included a printed or mimeographed form so stating or made a note on the copy of the order returned with the shipment. I think Kloin's would have done something like this in the normal course of business. of course, what is not lightly dismissed is the official failure to check it all out and provide a persuasive explanation. As I recall, it was either ignored or close to it.

One of the aspects of these ads that have always interested me is the purcahse of junkier stuff than was necessary, better equipment being available in the same price range. And, if 1,110 had known what he was doing, he could have bought identical crap for less in Dallas and without leaving the traces mail entailed. The ads you copied show much better stuff for close to the same price, both rifles and pistols, so if he got what is attributed to him, he sure as hell didn't know what he was doing to begin with.

Another general comment, and this addresses the matter of explosive and other exotic bullets: I think successful assassinations require the greatest simplicity, in concept, execution and participants. The Sprague extension of Garrison is sheet insanity. Where could you find at least 50 he had these on the scenes) who could escape detection and keep their mouths closed? And what was the need for them? Same with umbrella signals (a conjecture made easier by ignoring the second one!). What need? Or for radio? What is wrong with the first shot as all the signal needed, if any was? The more complicated we make all of this, the more we escape reality, confuse outselves and frustrate success.

On Wecht: I also do not expect he will get access, but I regard it as the worst potential disaster if he should. There is too little political understanding and thinking. As of now there is relatively little we can learn from access to the film anyway, for we (meaning for the most part I, given the ethics and dependability of the critical community) know most of what it can show. And some of what it cannot. The many ways in which this can be counter-productive have not dawned on those who have not thought it through or lack the knowledge of fact that is requisite for doing it. It was a serious error on his part not to discuss this with me first, particularly because he was privy to some of my newer data and knew what I was working on and had an invitation to come here to examine all of it dating from the Halleck hearing. Perhaps in the days when we were restricted to the 26 and what any of us could extract from them such an approach, in vacuuo, could be justified. But not now. So, despite my great respect for Cyril's competence and objectives, I am satisfied that his frustration in this endeavor is in our interest. In telling you this, I also tell you what you may not know, that I was the first to ask for access to this film, the day it was announced that it had been transferred. It took much to change my thinking. Sincerely,ri

Aarbold Weisberg

Mr. Harold Weisberg COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS Route 8 927 - 15th Street N. W., #409 Fredrick, Md. 21701 WASHINGTON, D. C. 20005 Tel. (202) 347-3837

subject daL 12/8/71

i0

Dear Harold:

Enclosed is something you may find of interest. By no means am I ready to draw any conclusions about any of this. I just want to call it to your attention in case you might have some other information that might somehow dovetail into it. My sus- picions about the mail-order gunourchases and the Dallas Cops' convenient "finding" of Klein's ads among Oswald's oossessions/lierather high, as you can probably tell. Wecht has still not been granted access, at least as of about 10 days ago which is the latest I've heard.

0 signed

date signed SENDER: Mail white and pink copies with carbon intact. RECEIVER: Reply, retain white copy, return pink copy. 0.7•10.41 ••••■ ”•61-7 ao•OI.rIM UMW ■•••••••■•■■ l• • lime

Style 4735160 tv i s iecc

December 7, 1971 Memorandum for file

Subject: GUNS; ARTICLES & ADVERTISEMENTS IN AMERICAN RIFLEMAN MAGAZINE

From: R. P. Smith

On December 6, 1971 I spent several hours at the Library of Congress examining back issues of various magazines in an effort to track down the source of the ad- vertisement by Seaport Traders, Inc. (Los Angeles) from which Oswald purportedly clioped the mail-order coupon (CE 135) and ordered a revolver, supposedly received by him in March, 1963 about the same time as the rifle was delivered. While the mail-order coupon for the rifle purchase was identified as having come from the February 1963 issue of American Rifleman (VR, p. 119; see also Sylvia Meagher, AATF, pp. 45-50 for several Pertinent observations on this, particularly footnote I.), there does not appear to have been any norresponding identification of the source of the coupon for the revolver purchase. This coupon hears the code designation "AM-3", which commonly (but not always) represents the initials of the name of.the magazine plus the month of issue. Notwithstanding such a strong clue, identification of the magazine was not accomplished by the Warren Commission or, to the beat of my knowledge, by anyone else. I searched early 1963 issues of American Rifleman, Field and Stream, Gums & Ammo, Sports Andel, and one or two others without success. (There appears to be no well-known gun or hunting magazine with the initials "AM", but I have not yet examined all the possibilities by any means.)

However, in examining back issues of American Rifleman I ran across some other information of possible interest in regard to the rifle, both in respect to the advertisements and in respect to certain technical articles about ammunition and silencers which could conceivably have been used in the JFK assassination, whether in conjunction with the Mannlicher-Careane rifle or some other rifle. I have made copies of some of this information as uttachments to this memo. The following dis- cussion is keyed to these attachments.

1. Attachments 1 and 2 are copies of the ads placed by Klein's Sporting Goods in the January 1963 and February 1963 issues of American Rifleman, the latter being the one corresponding to the "Hidell" mail-order coupon as indicated by the code designation 'feat. 35S" as seen in CE 773. (Klein's ran advertisements regularly in all the various magazines that I examined, and apparently they changed the code designation in numerical sequence each time.) As pointed out by Sylvia Meagher (AATF, 0. 48), the rifle shown in the February 1063 ad differs very aepreciably, b.-4h in length and in weight, from that which vas actually shipped to "laden". and it was enparently some months later, as in the November 1963 issue of '1eee eseStream (shown in Holmes Exhibit mo. 2), before Klein's got around to advertising the 40", 7 lb. rifle that seems Lei have been shipped to "Hidell" in March 1963. Of the many Klein's ads that I examined for the first six months of 1963, every Qna that included the "6.5 Italian Carbine" (which is most of them) referred to a 36:i/44e weighing 5i lbs. I have not yet, determined when the first appearance of the,a6nger & heavier rifle occurred, but it seems almost certain that it was not before July 1963. The possibility exists that Klein's exhausted their supply of the shorter rifle as early as March 1963 (resulting in a subatitution being made in the"Hidell" ship- ment), but that the advertising department didn't get the word until later. Then too, "hobby" magazires of this type frequently are published a month or two ahead of their nominal issue dates, and the aevertising copy has to be pubmitted well before the publication date. However, the tune of these. ads MATE =DE", etc.), which was consistent all the way until Jene at least, seems to imply that a real effort was made to keep them cur-ent. Moreover, there is nothing In those eels to sutsgcat that Klein's followed the preetice or making subetitutiens without notifying the purchaser first.

• - 2 - RPS, 12/7/71

2. Attachment 3 is an article from the January 1963 issue of American Rifleman on the subject of explosive bullets. Bullets of this type genuinely explode on (or just after) impact; they are not mere "dum-dum" or inert fragmentation bullets. There is surprisingly little information on this type of ammunition in ordinary reference works (e. g., Encvlcopaedia Britannica), although one can find a great deal of information about explosive ordnance for larger caliber weaoons. This article is the first positive confirmation that I have found shoving that ammunition of this type is practical for standard rifle calibers. It may be sig- nificant that all the developments described in the article are of World War I vintage. I assume such ammunition, like dum-dums, was banned by the Geneva Conven- tions (1920's), although obviously this would not deter assassins. It is interesting that several nations, including the U. S., have had such ammunition in their arsenals in the past, and that Italy in particular (p. 24 of the article) had an explosive bullet for 6.5 mm weapons. Although the bullets, as shown in the chart, are often of distinctive shapes or bear distinctive markings, the cartridge cases appear to be of standard design in many cases. In several instances, the only distinguishing feature may be a color marker of some kind, which of course could be removed. Thus the characteristics of the cartridge cases would not be a reliable guide as to the nature of the bullet. (A subsequent article by the same author in the March 1963 issue dealt with "incendiary" bullets and brought out exactly the same problem in identifying those.) Note also that some American manufacturers (Remington, Winchester, & Frankford Arsenal) were involved in the fabrication of explosive bullets, in one instance on behalf of a hostile foreign nation (Austria) in World War I, incredible as that may be. The author of the article presents this information very matter-of-factly in the third column of p. 22. I am unable to estimate just what kinds of fragment or residue such bullets would leave in or near the target. My hunch is that the fragments would tend to be very small particles or slivers, but much depends on the nature, amount, and physical design of the explosive charge. Conceivably, in some designs, the bullet might disintegrate somewhat like a grenade, producing several "chunks" rather than tiny particles. In any case, I would expect that ballistic identification would be rather difficult. Moreover, the larger particles would probably be dispersed to appreciable distances in all directions rather than following the approximate flight-oath of the initial trajectory. Considering how old the information in this article is, and how many advances in technology have occurred since World War I, one can only speculate what kinds of new development in explosive ammunition may have taken plsce in recent years. Such developments would almost certainly have been kept well hidden under the cloak of security claceification in view of the existence of international agree- ments to restrict the use of such weapons.

3. Attachment 4 is a short article from the same issue on "silencers". Again, as the article notes, there are Problems in getting information on this subject. However, their existence for rifles as well as handguns is confirmed by this article, even though their effectiveness for rifles is somewhat dubious. It may be worth noting that even though the "crack' of a supersonic bullet cannot be silenced, the muffling of the sound from the muzzle (or chamber) might be of considerable value in concealing or disguising the location of the rifle to ear-witnesses. The marked paragraph in the second column is also of interest in showing that security classi- fication enters into the question of availability of information on these devices. The reference to "semi-military purooses' is especially intriguing.

4.All of this information was published in the same magazine, and at about the same time, as that from which Oswald puroortedly clipped a Klein's coupon and or- dered the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle in March 1963. This was well before he could have seen the magazines at the Crescent City Garage in New Orleans (CE 1933).

BPS

- ▪ ▪•

tr. Ner ),-/-:11\11.4il.-- Cash or Credit .111N1 NO 1_4W ILL,5 1010 4,1013 l'ak/U Vigii`nl-J "UT30 OAT FREE"WN TRIAL PRICE ..... 1I-AS/1E01 --,... .., WAR SURPLUSI ...... --orri'',-,.....1- •.--....71 U.S, MODEL '1917 RIFLE __ ...... ;...... ,1 • ALL MILLED PARTS- ... , . .30/05 CALIBER r ALL N.R.A.--Vary mood U. S. SPRINGFIELD IM903-30/011 re 5PRINGTIELO 1.4111.3•SI LIMITED 131,617.7.1 Molt a... wolli• a I,y ride tor .onrluln ... at Mem aill . .. dila Illi• lel are 001 Model por"""77 1063,Al's ...ilk ,,,,, It 71,0,177 plwaeliplein ...... , ni.1110 diorl,Inq !art.. 0.-de In 0os...oleo! Arsenal-nu! coromreemlly as.rniblerl. 3-5,41/. 0.71:i.kek,;., at inandrinai Ailn4•11,11.1. 4.14 leaf maht, Mara (rani minhl. 431.1 • ....."''"'"..114:40,...... '.". ' • ...... 1...... -- Famed naw...tn Walnut Mock. Goo., to V., DOW COMIIII.00, .r."...... ' ....., ...„...... :____.....,____,i_.....-...- C20-.1.13001(. Prepaid $35,3 B 30/06 Caliber /.]0.7-Inno. 411.110...10;oq 13111r. 130 rnunsir 37.76 ...... _____.....,. .0.114..:1;•Jo.vost rs'r7e;"...it. rs"1171,- Vol.': og.::r7r:: , ninninn ...no, .4. ...if 1.114.4.7-, WAR 30/06 anare • net 1114•10 4.6 be evananiei 44..'''..\\ ' -'------' w.op zoo owtherity 144for Gear rs1 Pollan S. Mows, In AUTO. Hascher• Nol.borrli says of N. U. S. ModlI 1917 Rilld-i.bas.,7411y f-- >„..cki.... U. S. WI GARAND RIFLE t11,71trigra:g1:17‘41.7t1•11"'ZI170'"q day■rn r'0":2,0■1:1;.c:1;e:;.'.erilein!..bta .ndi rgtICI Pinrel Ink @rent Limited onan11,1 dolma. ...War , larther say•-omeny tools aver Ih• years hay...howl, ten 44.91 1917 641,10 will irio'N 4.,1771411.one rifle in nnputa• 30;00 7nriarr• All In 61114 Very •Ivente. M.townr Ihe .03 L o barrol.... Cana CondrIrno Or Iselltsr. .11.01,1, 34. I. 42. onerall. $7995 Socorficostioms Orlhol, Imo roa4100, 4 in 10. P. 7100.0 3a- 1.4.1 with .harp 'loon 14.1,•141414. •aingl. .Muhl.11111,1o,. .1110.,Nn ..11,7111 40.3o. 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Ammo those. Evora.. Cour. WITH SALE: NEW WINCHESTER FEATHERWEIGHT AUTO SHOTGUN OR WITHOUT SCOPES ... low price ouo hone ...alai 12 Gauge .0t.irrzo. 7.4.00at.11:41 Tho lino11 SAVE nolllt S.O.Orami now W. nehenter Med.. 50 .44 004.111bly rap NM of Mi. nisalitY 5611 rnay b. l':"■ N+ PEATNEIIINEILINT Automat., Shallow.. P.rst tiootftt 1artord Iona, lOod hirnal Nur .1015 4r * P0o0ril• L4Itot Mor1•1. 13 tr.iirkie. 30' 1..01. roll chat*. 3,001. rally pm,04 with *lean ono, rIninq ..eoate"..111ofrq well berr.dr""wh470. Easy, ....en Select Walnut troth Weir.. 0toch with UN, APprraireible sor•rmu es we Saspter.rew stock havn:;004"elean 141rev". rani, G1/4 IS•.; VIVA" Ottooallt .1.0 .1nrospien. Re, •111111 0.111141,16Ole for ...lotto., add olooOtht.. 030-T1307. $88.11 "1"lirilt;i:"i'.1■?" 00.05 Fool •IOht. 10..hot removable m1.. C26.71 519188' 10017.0 11171.0 011$ SCOT[, . ..... M1r Shwliotl L. SALES DE LUXE GUN CABINET C30.11102. 5r.rf:r pr.r 1;3nir4ortui,Fra:lii.1..c i.....-.„4„./ra,.■;;;141:.. - • ••.4 . . .. . ay. rntLaar: ;14121 • Tour Choice of Genuine. Walnut or Limed 004 30.T1.3.1n. aitra Hr. 11/111nrg Aouno. her 10D nit. 47,30 ;110"7.1.!!:11; N NEW H.IATANDAFED .30 5 A W ENFIELD MADLY-COLT .45 smi drawee, 0•1;•-32.1.O.11./... ithrtl. .22 DERRINGER Limed 0.0 11nisk or braul.1101 rotor tot deelnd4 • ■■ C•I. Col.,* Irmo 17411ana. WI. 77 lbs. Ewlitted 595.54 Shoot. .32 Armilro ,••••• 77::•,-.-: 1 ' $67.77 I•orn Oh Cap to Double a.-el L., U. 11, Gorornment ...L-.. PAW. Uzi. 0E00,37 only. 7mi ad * ....,. . tioTte...P.' ,12gr. N11717 Service 7%. Oa. Ettrastnen, 171r ALASKAN WOLF FUR PARKA Ve041.1 only LI OS. Int14Yr,...n7 .''.0 ,..-,---v•,;„...17," Yw - 1.41 tor Norman, 60.1,10, Onidagor Work :..,- -1t7,7,:..- :;,...! 1 ----..- -I- 1.1110.01111 Al waif Fur TrImMod 720.71340 S29.95 :z.;:-,.:Good 1.00 ■ 1100 shatside. ed ' Road, ed nand by Lats. America Arstarcii. Eastrallion. Cfo'.7.'.1110t1"7.7rotlr;:n ItisTei -a- I Wntee and Snow 1114.11antEnd Winos..!. Padilla •ly Pareedl Invenanically. and net. Nosily wore, 1130. I, M11.4 I hen., DuPont Nylon In and ous. Snot Proon • HANDGUN •I/PICHASEIMS: Meas. lily. • nes ...... Ird non, etrolletz. OtralltOtt DuPont 0 ea mo,.141erorot 11411,6 NW you 020-T07. EMI* $12.98 SoD.Tto $29.83 Van,n arc.on Stroller PIODMIII Irreutalleni or. 51 or over. 001 an 01140, have not Add 53.00 tar ...Nal gelacilon 4.1 AEI' Ammd 1170.7-101) 10.40 . Warm ar taaw cosh! mi • evalkor. Drawstring. es0 baen ronviatod al yrimo, oak uns*r il desired. nor SO .1 hood •na wain. Convenient Iwo. hand warm. Inslictsnont, not 6 Neigh., at aeon W. ay dirt. Al. wed peen., If 7.111 oily or IPS m MAIL TODAY! IMMEDIATE DELIVERY! I., wi' 0.1 Mato maul.... KLEIN'S-Dept. 323 111,;:i.,V_1 1_1.1.1.mgc■r■Pra.ulrilf0 of 011 13•••Al. LADIES: nor 75, Vear 41110 ria1 4), e w. size 514399 NEM '63 GUN DIGEST .-k...,.._77.1-1"2.r j s=:-.4 227 W. Washington St. GUN BOOK • •SALE PRICK • • • World's Greatest Chicago 8, Illinois SALE! GOV'T SHOE PACS Now with S FREE $395 0 CASs CUSTOISIEFIS Sand (hook or money order in fell. Per any Mao order for 005,04 0013 4t Add only St-SO traVerl!'....jaidC:ratri'Le 5.1•14?:,"•IrsZ1.**1"Ts7":1 /2-3 Extras! 551.50 Vol. PPD. hnnellIng unIOSO 111hoososo sp•Cifird. liondovn orders, and robber, rubric tirIMI Cle.rd orders with arurnim, Oro skis:10.rd 7507015, seargot collect. Pewhole logos. 2 obi.. oi,•. ,•n.turviira orad--add Sir 00117 1•• includes!. S..0 9, SO. Sr, 99 Irlirr.,..7. j,rfa • 1r 111 3.4.1 t1. •7 o C•0 D. C...termers-rnaloso 10o. C.O.D. 0100111. tiro. Only... "mai Pr. 1'4.4"i FREE GIFT! r-1 E51,1/11- ItNED CottliT CUSTOMERS. No 0v, 1-1 ardor will Pm 11.10.1 at err,. News Finless. 0 TRANSISTOR WALKIE-TALKIE FAMOUS iiSPRAlfw NEW CrIEDIT CUSTOMERS: No Down Payment attinire, PERFUME LA To ,rnrrl yoor alder. tend name and adO•e.... tot )...• Ent. 1•dz•:c0,4. • 7:1T.7" .rs1,4.„ Farmers,..n.. crmpors, Polley wham tin,.Ala 5.11.C.M. Mar, Pod liame• and aLluireme• ell 3 Dr moo. lgrnill wells 17 oo OM 1,1,11 01,4 noreoinla. 41, your npe, Word Milk riga. IllsmOer 01 nearadnau, Mite prrter.1 001.. and o ...... . .44 Anyone Con Us... No LI 5o100.... FCC Approved] 141.10•5 Gill to wen. nalitry. /70aernallon will Mr loot conharnt.nl. 1...} Oar yeorLady monthly.) 5.0 ennuall to kohl . . . 14qht ono-ugh toe ye. oefort . . . fl'Oy Woo., al. malt ahlyptnit ntol 1, r. ( .1 two rands,. da to • mired 7.14ans...ort In each WWI loo clear 19%517r art (ram pert...man.. for the .4.01, nerd outdo ..man and mutat... This au. Sort; •Ion 0111fla I71M NOS. .... Iworhoet . • - Da riot conlow work ••uiruntrs*,•./.. Hems nov. apes 1500 •,Orar." of env 0 Cr., v Manor Ord., :r,%;?Zg ChilintO10 petrty N. 0144‘05ED Is 5 ;:.i.bv:;,Y.:.1r,r.?..r:.d,,..--0rr14:r. nnili.,,..7.pn.:,1,..n.1,1...:Ite,•,uelop. lort'747,:its.01.1.4.010...... 7:,.....";":1 .71Ely„.. o.n.tneehys... A groat valut mei • pneat NAME :111 /..;"'- l •1711.•P..11AreF 1':;::`17.4""g7 °7:.`,;',7,.7.Vh`:,"O".1.1.'.1114", CLIP TP15 f") ADDRESS I, handlr. Private oaroh.n• with in:. ed, la- ODY•01.1 II. th, _.., rlunod. Shloutil •Dflemia Purim, 5•1• .1171 PolWing PRIM 01071 CITY & STATE ■Rkch 144474101 Walsle-einia...... 017 $49°6 ....-4. -„.,„--, ,,,,...,,,,5,•save 1110,1 2 Walk,..TS151.1, WM Sr . 11111.04 i4 ow RE 100% MONEY PACK GUARAKTE4I Ro 05 ;'

, Cip •• -

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111jP1 111111\11111 1J51 r STA. k CashN cr 0Credit ykom MONEY DOWN J.)5 LI (cairill cim. law), Ajt tatlY11) 30 DAY FREE TRW,

WAR SURPLUS! U.S. MODEL 1917 RIFLE ALL MILLED PANTS- .30/06 CAUSER ALL N.R.A,-V•rY 510001 D. 3. SPRINGFIELD M1903-30/0 .17 Netted - . '., • I SPRINDP14411 .11,003St LIMITED ClUANTI771 on1.111 ,11 • I.,erb ,..oliary rind for s•orIng on Int them nill ond in4 let ara..111 Med. I eon. ill ...dr • ienghte. rear Pool •lithl. bladv. t.en aistril. 43 V.- overall. 0.19 lba. Famed ow...ran Wolnat etecit. Own Vere Deed EAntilltn• 1 HoTIPIOX. Prepaid $36.38 30/06 Caliber 4.11410. .30100 j5t1 or. 120 round. . 37.211 The 11. S. model 1017 [Allen 10.411i 1,1[0 rItl. the roan eletwed j WAPI 10 .s."4.nre."ito"r il'kery"..firho sa":211.1a"..blel." Tin ace entherity Dew Dene•tit Jullon S. Witcher TA A1JTO. J. S. 410421 serr .,,,...40".N4"4 U. S. M-1 OARAND RIFLE :1WV/17,147t"tilarall7kertZr ir0":.:Oe:141t..4:14 4Tjon't."d',' Pr."1. '4.1.9"110"; tartan neen.-"nnny talt. 0Per Um years hen Brown 17.100e1. 131 7" 14/-11,11. i P.n.. INI we•ant Weal Lim.rol mion..1171 Pamoa• World War il always onerner Me .01 SprinnSalil hernia " 42. porn! Ad "1..'1 1.7.'1".1 e2.11.'"".". 10/04 ""b..% 1 '143. 24. 51.411Ianionmc li•shok., too lood.na, 1 in . 10. 0•Oreon 24. Oart01 1,15 sl,Ire one daRAND IN "LIKE NEL'. CONOtTISIN. All aercleity eolreted and elMag. o,lia 0.0/411 48.3". Pan .10C1 arlintable fin. 200 to 1000 yen, t114.11 trent j. 0o. •Igh1. Folelorret Turned down bait. Amer.... 69,11,611, Inn and hand guard iion.i.hridoreP4...1.11 by Milt 141.101 ... era. fimo. than wars'. n101 $81995 with Ohm nriarle. Ail 0v11e4 porn. .1111m01 ehonting cand.bent 1.1,4, C30•733. 101907 Rif. made by &MI/M4n....52351. 720.734. Made by ar ..... ...$34-55 • 11041000. Military 20/00, ommo . mer 120 rds 57.20. eamireesA .30(00 WITH NEW TASCO HIGH POWER SCOPES INSTALLED READY TO SHOOT C20,1225. At1547 11111. Male by Estonian rnoontra with Trot. Me 4 promo, • ...... S30.05 LATE ISSUE 6.5 ITALIAN 120.111257. 11.017 Ririe I1244 50 Renting.. or Wfitiviamtee 1110211100 m,In a Taste 4 power non. .. . 044.45 C20.71252. 01017 MA* Olen by Eddy.... mauntr.1 "Oh the Ow 1" Tn. • or on.er 1.Cann ....1511.1111 CARBINE C31571E93. A1101.7 Mae mod. try Ron, Or Win. 5140 nea...na.4 1.11,11 lee els Ill Pa.Sall er 4 hem.. • •5114.1111 020.7000. Leath. lace.. armhole. sling ..53.95 E20.71000. 30/00 Nioni 1rma1ad 10,014. 130 1E5..57,30 Doi, sae pyreall, wolohe only 51/2.1bn. Sham. P BRAND NEW! DELUXE MARLIN 33601 .. 1 .----- ..::,LeRP,!„7.1.dt.hr.-4,T."zgLzw..;;;I.r.:„:7,11.:Tr, ,uvr,,,,,x, ----- .how. Roll nacos end /Ant 10.0. FIRST QUALITY! i 11071104, Sertiorly pseee $12.86 54 arena 30.30 or .311 Rem. 10 4 C747/10. e0100 with New Deed 1201111/` dX ScePe-3/4 . _•_ ".1 aumneler, al Ilinitratall 419.95 . , 170.7711 4-5 mot Warn rivillla•y Aron,* mtth ern 4.4.0 4114. 101 rds 57 se

SPECIAL PURCHASE' TOP QUALITY! - -.,..e.,-• With ...--4- . •... . • • . TASCO VARIABLE POWER SCOPE! . . . 3X TO 9X ■ ...-••^-,-.'" RECOIL PAO p...... „ . F71.1t •ppliejri ...... w..... "...... • SWIVELS . SLII.40 I Fp 1 Wm • Venn et U. ...IPA ,.. ThilS11 MA ALIAS A•50.1-1,1TEL`r es, n.t • an. yew. yap ....•.1 front 5 la rm.- • 00 6,1! MOW factory paned Do Loon • Yield *l v•••• 14.11. to 30.11. Cronshair t • .-: • -....T..•.14.!...„..Z.,..a models wt. roil hear1In otor•onto. Iffirrt....• M.I.e Nurnint Magneinorri 0110,11. can nittra I,.. short throw levee WI., Tialtnior eLaginIne holds 7 teens winann end 41111.1i01.1 clink win, earaliaa ro,,ontrel, nIttvidert tilled 101 1.0 Onto. 041,11011. Marlin Ill.ra•Greend barrel. farmed romp Neal Bigot. l pnAtioll• Large eye own mnd abnottivo. V tun. em....1.,,IN 1,sli VOSS. enrol* 11-. nivatonfir Innel rear eight. raniver swilled t000ni Inr Alt nevolor scan ,.... 0.,,,,oary La swag 'peon mount.. 30 barrel, 371114. overall, 7 11.1. Incineed FREEI anion Ill rnoil pad. dinwha••t 120.T.003%. Prgsmaid $34.80 itontt •,....mln and olleal inthAr Ming with bran.tittinon. Stats chain al 30130 o• .35 Illae Rrintrigion caliber. yentelntir Pt:twilit ICC/PE . . . Iss% It On. TAScri 1,,•1•1, and Mown. tame C70,7773. Corlilled 214,40 MIrte Lin. 31210 39/20 or .32 Gal. .-.-.S6S.SO I In •29.7491 orscrion 400.0. Cinenair miaow. temp.,. NO 144.50 ... MARLIN 2340 WITH 4% 050P0-Menrited . . . Reny . Mani; Pawed Tann fin. 1nniem •..rwherel .12.0•713165%. P•repasi Pin. ' 29.8t1 qualify 1^ Mame*, 01X SCaee wall 1,14 called maeno..uni fluor,. germs. ohom ann. .. 1101 a. 40 500007.-C1105S-11•111 41 roof •nd CeObsnAtre inETICULL. All um lot 4-14410. and Cievatien midi...sons Tio,on moans ter 0,410, Oman 400110 remOval. Soave le nivermn 01114 .alny an lenten• 01 120.0003 enc,ibell pl.. Final Retic.de-almay• encore.. te preeent langino. Lancer leas enet Inclosed. Sena has ..... 1141r. tenoned. elinlilalr4 MI S37.50 elsewhere! State el., er relitelf. 15•5119 33511. 44 SCOPE. ro0uNTS, RECIStl. PAP. C40371114 5T4A1', SWIVELS. COmpArr n 1131•70 111DT115.7%. 31/274 or .1%. State Choi.. Preen. Pries S19.88 eleomnreel C20,7774. $tAre 20/30 or .35 .1...... sx.....1.14:8 530C WITH 31/2% la 8% SCOPE. Meented ... Reny to Sheep TAR. nee at.1ily- 1.41,41 WOM1 ...ARLIN row ' 1 $1.89.50 Who! _yr: anang. 1.41.11 trom 2,.j all the way op to 5 Inetrintly. NiVrosen tilted. mmonalpsim fluoride .:. - TAW retionn, leather irn• ans. Tienrf matnt... 51/1[ 011100/ [110.0, ,_-..•. "---■"7".=" . C30..T11111. MARLIN 1350, -34•30,-SX SCOPE, MOUNTS. RECOIL 1.•11. CARATINO . _. SALE! New Matador 10 Gauge Magnum Cenvpare at 2152.11 et-nowhere! SL101. 30(20 or .13. Col . "'Iv". S.10 4.88 ■ 4.:;Wfnl .I r ranIrre1 .1.?? ".?.N 01:1.7:a7,171.,74: WV ,11.71,1- SPECIAL ..----...... " "1-.. -1.,4?,...,...:'IL_,,' ENFIELD SPORTER .: ....., '1'...,"';"..,. Ise°7iy"m %V too'.; 'P'ifviZt Ilr■;ihntenrrtrd Lt-t:17,"'AVrd':!!"t; WAR SURPLUS PURCHASE! 1 1.1...... "01r..11.111. 3,1010. either 'VV.-. or 3.....^ Mn.innm Oven,. 32,, Vol 0.1147:1 .301 British Caliber .,. lii c,...,-,7'.:7',,-.4,.,,..7,,-:■',7,. 'Ter"1.11:.rrir1;17;01::::.'1"9.. ▪ .. I .....,..ol 111/2 Ile•- $12950 1/4•11. 111 Oa. aye 70.1,pere %POI*, •1.1s111 en. OP ..• Ill. 07.1n 4.1 .5. :r.,...... , -.....- ''...^",. LAST CALL! MURRTF SALE! HEW WINCHESTER FEATHERWEIGHT AUTO SHOTGUN 'LC)/ I l' ; .. .. AotAiLAHLE MTN I 12 Gauge OR WITHOUT SCOPES ... 5A00 ovre 540, Brand new WIncheater 114.101 SO In.. ern, non to apreiol PEATintellitIGnT Aptemetis She10101. Pint !wilily, Inter* 0 Int WI &Mint 0,""1 pocked. Latnt Nadal. 13 Saws, 30' lapow01, fall chine, 3.1 01. 0111 trenthiy ma Ian et gir,aloly Mal rrlY4 P ,01.■ •■ii..1. 1001001 Ihn 4 Can, Inv takedown. 201.1 Walnut anah.$98.11 1 r...54/1.41.442744 Imvvh. Iona tin.' East with ... .. err V.., Tips will Is mocnonl. Orr., PIO. 1.014 .rett- overall. salty therfece .. with 41.1 chomp Inning . with ewer.. oiled line•Drneed Wein,,I. 540.11143] C1111-T13.7. eteeb wpm avid anonc+sinte weerng of wood. Soorterieed no. 11. 00041 elan lines, mett....pnrwillit tat kandling. Rear onht adpietoele ler winalsqe and ...akin, BRAND NEW! U.S. M1 .30 CALIBER CARBINE blade trent .10AI, Tuft...3-0,00 bal. Randle, noliel bran 1.0.4.01 rent11.01. The RM.. ▪ ming 441/2'• 1170011., 303 Seltisiv Caliber, C20.111353 *1no SIS.SO - • eyr-wer----' Every GI, 110111,0 0171.4 with PLECTIPPOOD scorn, 5,1- diameter. linunted-Ready OW She tine woos, ii.ov Now] 7211.79-02. . • . • ...... • • ...... ...... S27.82 The Mile LI. Million maxi! ons• 1....114 1/11101.11 RIFLE milli new TAS.C.O. 4% 2cann, I. Warn., ..... hair Innen .. SOVI11.11, 1 Nlomtl10,1 1.04111.0 0•11171110 01,10 ku, 111.- 1.114.R 11,1 PO-11,111 el .1 Pe.1110,0 01.01101. 130•7003 S44.88': Wenn. onlr th•• harrel. ouri,11. ..7o..1 11110(nr11 I" , . . . .... • - 0.11. enerraeo. ts 4101. •rml•Anti..... nos. Arent.. apiiis on. 1.1171 100 to 100 Yee New Cena.114.1 Solwrren• S7808 NEW HI-STANDARD .32 S & W ENFIELD N1111157-COLT .41 oniondabn. 510-71554"0",did. .52 DERRINGER "'s 020.71341. Snag NOW 14.1 Canine, Puny Nichol Witted 5115.00 SHAWN 22 Am.Ae • o-wn.7.3u.. 12.01.4 Neentnia. tar 31.001 . . 020 -71102. .20 Ertl 11110.In I r d Co Double . U. S. daveriimenli ANN., 111,72 Hoe 100 . . anima pOr .70 Ma.; ... 41110.4 Anil. 20 as 17 s, v ice na„,..sr. 120.11111. 3,1•44.1 ...Inprna-14. 12.01; . 11,1,11.1.M rimier 44.60. 44,2_ &fiat, scli.• aver. PievM111alv•r Sa. .4 5 12 u71 fatre.11.0.1. ••• litr1,11.1,0110, LJ ACP e•Iiher-E Litton to Land00 Tokyo . Moscow . , Shim. et Sea .. Minn.. • AAMOnan.1.11 Went.. only It as 5,40-91.00 hall.moon alias 00111.1. hard robber grim. •notpdra 111••• barrel. Slued FAMOUS VISCOUNT EID-T $25.05 0.0 Gen Won eaDide. 1,111.3, Con conailion Inechanleally O'14 cal- 44444 worth 1140. LIFAIISM SHORTVVAVE-AM-MARINE PORTABLE RADIO! • deaf:mud •URCHASERSI Please noon My. Plays 0..t 300 Mow. . lee Pnenbani Salterlonl wend signed •katomenv ant,. that yea 120,707, Doty $12.08 100140114 , Clenenn Camel. Loather Can with Carrying SIrand E30-TIS $29e94t 'EARPHONE . Pr.van 1...tenIngl Famed VISCOUNT Conlityl ...21 0540 rId ermleo mlmoles 44 4C7 Atema 1720.94144 /1241.. i7e121.10410= on 30 ■ ■ p4114 oIly or " MAIL TODAY! IMMEDIATE DELIVERY! 3 Rends Zoncersritnr.1:::3.0a121:8:74V"4.7.1gtv. Ft7". 701.1:4T1 1 II 11.011 I " ”mmer.m!..... Eatery Sawn .3 ontielon 01.1.1..1441r, I TraitsliterS Tanivg_ • 000.011.. Piles Light Oar Night Tuning Smo. KLEIN'S-Dept. 358 1L ante Tone Control • ..Lang Armee" or "Local. Ppy/er rsrs rear 6L.Ita 5../Itth Plan Pe•really Anywharal A• Atleerti•esi rn Li Ft ilumsontwo ladoo 227 W. Washington St. Art ...p.n. the eleusrurn,n Manna.net NEW! '63 GUN DIGEST COMPARE AT $59.95 ELSEWHERE! Chicago 6, Illinois ,.1, World's Greatest GUN BOOK Rearien III standa.n AM broaden. alum El CA514 CuSTOMERSI Sorel chatli money erd•r II, hal. 11 ;. LIN rorn.tcycle• and famine New with 5 FREE Silp95 $1.50 par any else ardor for 211s1o00 W11 - . • • ' 42.14 ;,4-4,4 Slo,..11Pa on • tsinti- Add 0017 ;ts: ,.. ere septer...s. Werphli Only 2 Extras! 5 1 1.00 Vol. lizrDppo. hon./1120 Medan other...Ho apeCilled. Handgun ardor.. and lb,,. le rm. Shame... mach and chrome 0411004 with •MMd. ere Musses •npress th21444 Colloat I cabinet Only Indifivrider'n Plant 02.1/5 ppd• (11(11inc. 1.11N- 411111 .1. o CID. Canonsern-Itialarr 000• 0.11 D. orm.,L r • • PP90.19740 SILEIPIFS •RICE 63995 O *.1Pm0ll P141111101. 000,114,. wIll 00 .11,01104 II 11. NEW FINEST 0 TRANSISTOR WALKIE-TALKIE AMMO. SALE! Fleilionnort. Farm., Campers. Palic• ler lt 30 Days Only-Order Today: D moor ,Ol1fl .011.50 , Con aaaaa ore, SurVeYer, TV Iiirmoinnen1 floOr 10. *10, 2.101014411 '1%4,1 I. ... loll gantitni pre:•at ,. AMMO eta Ono , NO LlaInte RaglItre4 Fee APIMOVedt lien. n...rnber ot dependeols. nate*twonv'int n't's1r0 Swedish Mouser Model 94, aalory. Internminn WIti holte oenikeentiat. metal iacksted. l.5SI gr. mili- .. .---A ..„ ...,.,‘„stAtot.t(ZiajS. ."M. teY4t1,1ers'e!Vret°01 emeel . tionle ITEM 0.O4 .• {, ... ;::,:;;;;;;;;,* " ..'• „..""g11111.ggg";;;Vid:.,7:1,-,,,,","' 1,.:::: tary 6.5 x 55mm ammo. 130 no. .. ,"'crolnett1conruse winn...ononmelved•lie.• il.m• hae• ENCLOSED tit 5 0 Crmit M Mends 070. . ' roPr leatte.ri wkaram rad.. end Othe• pagent• Fealty aperated rounds per box. Shipped ex- with au h•liwtall. motan a.m. central twin ... mg ...en Anton.: 7 pentisin bait...T..4r. •nelinfre .. . Chnoty A. •• press, charges collect. NAME Ily not,seed anywhere. Play, to 1500 neves iflere41,111, 62041123X-box ADDRESS '14,r0arr P.. 1,A17:," 1tTPr Vo.b"d:It atggi:r °L e:::%%.1,, of 130 rounds.... CITY A STATE ....et, _...) 'XI::: 0'47.1 .;„0"....., 41,1,0 T:1:7.41" II" $4938 !Minds 01, 010004001. -...._ , ....._,.. FPOO- -11MA1003 WAllin-Taihm L11411 2300 ...... -050.1 11 Wal1114,74.141.. 00111 OW Mtge 2111.211 Em a mi. s00. MONEY BACK GUARANTEE! m ir 1

Agee R WAIO reehrz r in ...IN , Ef-.5., /96 30 it 4 r /314 4:eel) R y ,47,peAl.:: ,oc--x WI?)

[,-=<2070..M ©I:ILK:3MM

.—J ©,,C=710M0E2

By CHARLES H MUST, JR.

F LE-caliber explosive cartridges cartridges for 11x50R Mannlicher rifles to hold the bullet more tightly was in- R form a very interesting group and machine guns. All these were used eluded for use in machine guns. which it is quite possible for anyone to in World War I, and one of them was The last of the Austrian cartridges is add to his collection. It is only neces- introduced us far hack as 1910. known as an unti-balloon round. sary that extreme caution he practiced There Explosive cartridges Model 1910 and were 2 patterns, which when encountering any cartridges of at first glance Model 1914 (Fig. 2) are known as Dot- look alike as they have practically the which there is the slightest doubt as to ""--- schtts.tprarattea (sighting cartridges), in- same external dimensions. The first pat- identity, especially those that have un- tended for observing point of impact, tern (Fig. 4) is heudstamped "1915" and usual-appearing bullets. supposedly in training. They were the bullet length is 1.425". The car- While explosive cartridges are safe manufactured at the government arsenal tridge case is not crimped to hold the enough to have in a collection, the na- at Wellersdorf. bullet. The second pattern is head- ture of this type of ammunition must These are very hard to distinguish stamped "1916" and the bullet length is always he borne in mind, along with the from the ordinary hall round as the 1.3(15". The cartridge case is crimped possible effects of time. bullet has the same general shape. For to the bullet. Shape of the case for this Never probe bullets identification a colored band was placed round is slightly different from that of around the cartridge case just below the other 8x50R Mannlicher rounds. It is Some of this class are of hollow- or shoulder. However, this band could be still 50 mm. long, but the neck was open-point type. Never, under any cir- worn off. If the bullets are removed made longer by shortening the shoulder, cumstances, thrust any object down this from the case, it will he noted that they to give more hearing surface around the opening. Never use pliers or other tools are considerably longer than the ordi- bullet. It is not known certainly if this on Indicts that have copper or lead nary ball bullet. cartridge was intended for use in rifles. tubes in the nose, or use tools on those The Model 1910 cartridge has a red in machine guns, or both. The first time with mechanisms, such as the U. S. hand around the cartridge case. The this writer saw such cartridgeS they Spot-Light types or the Austrian Anti- bullet jacket is gilding metal, but coated were loaded in a number of regular Balloon Round. so that it looks like the ordinary steel- Mannlicher rifle clips. Do not drop explosive cartridges. jacketed ball bullet. The portion of the There are 2 patterns of spot-light car- While they arc intended to withstand bullet seated below the case mouth was tridges in 8 mm. Lebel. The first pat- ordinary handling in the field, age may not coated. The base of the bullet is tern has a hollow lead-pointed insert in hove had a deteriorating effect on some 0 the bullet nose (Fig. 5). The explosive of the components, and marked —. The explosive in this car- a drop may he must he sensitive, us it detonates on im- enough to explode them. Also, do not 12 tridge consists of potassium chlorate and pact. The second pattern (Fig. 6) has an use an inertia-type bullet puller—the unusual appearance. The explosive is blows could be enough to actuate antimony sulphide. the placed in the cavity in the bullet nose mechanism. Model 1914 cartridge and the cavity soldered closed. Some collectors like to section bul- The cartridge cases were made by lets to study their construction. Unless The Model 1914 cartridge has a black band, and the bullet jacket is steel, Remington Arms-Union Metallic Car- you are well versed in such procedure The nose of this bullet has a small, flat- tridge Co., at their Swanton. Vt., plant. and have the proper safety equipment. tened projection which is also art aid The bullets were altered from the regu- confine this sectioning to the large va- in identification. Base of the bullet is lar solid Balk: D. The first pattern was riety of inert-type bullets. Those who altered and loading completed at Frank- like to shoot should retrain front firing marked —. The explosive is compressed ford Arsenal; it is not known where the explosive cartridges. 14 second pattern was completed. The Argentine 7.65 mm. Type R black powder mixed with aluminum. Three German explosive types fol- high-explosive cartridge (Fig. 1) is iden- The third cartridge in the Austrian low. A 7.92x57 mm. explosive round tified by a black bullet tip and black series is known as an air burst shrapnel was introduced during World War I primer annulus. Bullet jacket ix eupro- (Fig. 3). It appears to have been intro- (Fig. 7) which. at first glance, could be nickel clad steel. The round was manu- duced later in World War I, became mistaken for the old Model I SSS round- factured for Argentina by Hirtenhcrg the cartridge is headstamped 1917. it nosed hall cartridge. However, the bul- Patronenfahrik in Austria. can be identified by the flat-nose, hol- let has a hollow point and the bullet So far as known to this writer, Aus- low-point bullet. The mouth of 'the car- tria had in service 4 types of explosive tridge case is crimped. In 1917 a crimp Cosaintted an page 24

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FIGURES 1 Argentine 7.65 mm. Type R !Ugh Explosive Cartridge 10 Italian 6.5 mm. Explosive Cartridge 2 Austrian Sighting Cartridges. tat top) Model 1914. (below) 1 1 Japanese Navy 7.7 mm. Rimmed Explosive Cartridge Model 1910 12 Japanese Army 7.7 innt. Send-Rimmed Explosive Cartridge 3 Austrian Air Burst Shrapnel Cartridge (bullet only) 13 Japanese Army 7.92x57 rum. Explosive Cartridge 4 Austrian Anti-Balloon Cartridge 14 imperial Russian 7.62 mat. Explosive Cartridge 5 8 mm. Label 'Spot-Light' Cartridge, first pattern 15 soviet Russian 7.62 mm. Explosive Cartridge 6 8 nun. Lobel 'Spot-Light' Cartridge, second pattern 16 U. S..30 Gov't M1906. II.F.. 'Pomeroy' Explosive Cartridge 7 German 7.92x57 mm. Explosive Cartridge, World War I 17 U. S. .30 Gov't M1906, H.E. 'Spot-Light', Experimental 8 German 7.92x57 mm. If-Pa/rune Observation Cartridge Cartridge 9 German 7.9207 mm. "S.m.K. (_'spur Ub. m.Z." (Practice 18 U. S. 11 mm. Machine Gun. H.E. 'Spot-Light', Experimen- Ball with Steel Core and Self-Destroying Tracer) tal Cartridge

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lip jacket is uncoated steel. Most rounds The Japanese Navy 7.7 mm. rimmed found today will probably show signs of cartridge (Fig. II) was for use in Naval rust. There should he a black primer mitt: National Rifle Association aircraft machine guns and ground ma- annulus, but this could he worn away. makes available to its mem- chine guns. It could also be used in Shortly before World War II, the British .303 rifles and machine guns, be- bers useful and Valli:11)1e informa- Germans adopted an explosive incen- cause it had the same external dimen- tion nit firearms and ammunition diary cartridge known as the B-Pairone, sions as the British .3(13 cartridge. The and their use, in the form of N RA or observation cartridge (Fig. 8). On hullet of the explosive round had a illustrated Handbooks, RIFLEMAN German ammunition charts and lists, it cupronickel jacket. The front compart- Reprints, and Range Plans. was always included with training car- ment inside the nose contained cyclo- tridges and not with Service cartridges. nite and PETN. To the rear of this is NRA Illustrated Handbooks The bullet jacket is gilding-metal-clad NRA Illustrated Handbooks contain a gilding-metal cup filled with alumi- selections of the hest material on vari- steel. Inside the nose was a compart- num and cyclonite, or alternatively alu- ous subjects that have appeared in arti- ment filled with white phosphorus. This minum and TNT. This is hacked by a cle form in Tutu RIFLEMAN in recent was followed by a lead sheath which lead plug. This is the general arrange- years. contained a detonator hacked by a fir- ment of the whole series of Japanese Firearms Assembly Handbook $2.50* ing pin. There is a lead plug in the base explosive bullets of rifle caliber. The Gun Collectors Handbook $1.50* of the bullet. There is no weep hole primer annulus is violet. Hunters Handbook $2.00° leading to the phosphorus as in a regu- Qttestions And Answers The Japanese Army 7.7 mm. semi- lar incendiary bullet. rimmed explosive round (Fig. 12) has Handbook $1.50° Rounds of early manufacture had a Reloading Handbook a flat-nosed, gilding-metal-jacketed bul- $3.50* chrome-tipped bullet for identification, Shooters Guide let. There was a black identifying hand $2.00* then a silver-tipped bullet. The last, and Shooting Handbook $3.50° around the case mouth. It has also been ° Price In NRA members, postpaid from most often seen, had the lower portion reported that there was an explosive NRA I lemlgouriers. Price In nemmsembers, of the bullet stained black leaving the round with the 7.7 mm. rimless car- add SI. tip unmarked. Additional marks may be tridge series. This would look like Fig. "Rifleman" Reprints encountered, such as a thin green band 12, except for a smaller case head. RIFLIALAN Reprints are smaller book- near the point which indicates a high- There was an explosive round of the lets hilt contain selected articles giv- velocity round; or a lacquered hand at Japanese Army 7.92x57 mm. cartridge ing a wealth of practical information case mouth (very hard to see) which (Fig. 13). This has a flat-nosed. gilding- on specilic arms or types of arms. indicates tropical loading; or both. This metal-jacketed bullet, and there was a Civil War Small Arms 50e bullet was loaded into brass and steel Metallic Sights white identifying hand around the mouth. 500 cases. The primer annulus was black. Military Rifles 500 There was another training cartridge Remodeling The 03A3 500 Russian explosive cartridge Remodeling The .303 Lee- employed by the Germans that con- Imperial Russia had an explosive car- Enfield Rifle 500 tained an explosive element. This was Remodeling The U. S. Model known as "S.m.K. L'spur tridge for 7.62 mm. rifles and machine guns (Fig. 14). This cupronickel jacketed 1917 Rifle 500 which can be broken down to mean, Sighting-In Rifles And Shotguns 50e "Practice Ball with Steel Core and Self- bullet has a flat nose with broad and Telescope Sights 500 Destroying Tracer" (Ng. 9). The bullet shallow hollow point. The copper deto- The .45 Automatic 500 has the usual gilding-metal-clad steel nator container is visible. There is a The M1903 Springfield Rifle 500 jacket. The jacket contains a lead firing pin and explosive included. The MI Rifle 500 sheath, carrying a short steel point. Be- Soviet Russia also had an explosive The U. S. Cal. .30 Carbine. 500 hind this is a container which tapers incendiary cartridge in the same caliber Range Plans into a teat that contains an explosive, (Fig. IS). The from of the bullet con- NRA Range Plans provide useful in- behind this another container with trac- tained nicotine powder, followed by a formation, hosed on successful an -use' ing mixture. This bullet explodes when lead sheath containing a detonator installations. on range construction and backed by a firing pin. A lead plug is layout that can serve us practical guides the teat end of the explosive container, as a result of burning of the tracer. in the base. The gilding-metal-clad. steel- to interceded clubn and individuuls In jacketed bullet was pointed just like the building similar ranges. transmits the heat through the thin wall ball bullet. This cartridge was identified Bench Rest Construction of the teat to the explosive. 100 by a red or red-and-green bullet tip. Construction Of Indoor Rifle This round is identified by about 514 And Pistol Ranges $1.00 the distance from the point of the bullet Cartridge cases were either brass or cop- 511-Ft. Summer Camp Range I oe to the case mouth being blackened. per-coated steel. High Power Rifle Range Plans 750 These bullets also were loaded into The rifle-caliber explosive round was Outdoor Pistol Range Plans 500 brass and steel cases. also attempted by the United States. Outdoor Smallhore Rifle Range A .30 Gov't M l 906. H. E. 'Pomeroy' Plans 500 cartridge (Fig. 16) was made by Win- Range Construction—Part- Italian explosive cartridge chester for the Government. The bullet Time And Special $1.00 An explosive cartridge was manufac- had a pointed copper tube inserted in Range Location And Land- tured in Italy during World War 1 for scaping the front end, which contained an ex- 100 Italian 6.5 mm. weapons (Fig. 10). It is Running Deer Ranges plosive. This can he identified by the 504 not hard to identify due to the unusual Safety Ranges And Inter- shape of the point and its green tip. shape of the cupronickel jacketed bul- national-Type Ranges $1.00 The last 2 cartridges are the U. S. Universal Outdoor Smallbore let, which also has a small hollow point. .30 Gov't MI906 H. E. Spot-Light Rifle Target Frame I00 Inside is an explosive charge and deto- round (Fig. 17), and the It mm. :Ma- You Can Have A Place To nator backed by a firing pin. chine Gun H. E. Spot-Light round trig. Shoot Japan had a series of explosive rifle- 250 18). These are quite easy to iJent iic icy Ay:WAN!: Frents NAtInetal Hale ASMICiation, 1600 caliber cartridges, all with the character- RInte.le Island Are., N.W., was.bincion 5, I). C. the unusual appearance of the isaltei. istic that the bullet had a flat nose. Both were experimental. •••

24 THE AMERICAN RIFLEMAN ssataa:m' nestnest ,.:•:irn-:..astr..ssiie.We-Ss.-.ssic--aistr...7-instsit.k-sit..*.tr..-AssErivarr.a.sv.,..•7,:

'JOVE LAG PRECiSE... 6.5X58 "P" CARTRIDGE fettive in muffling the escaping gases. It may even eliminate nearly all noticeable Please Identify a rimless bottleneck rifle sound from a small powder charge, leaving cartridge marked "DIVAI 457" and "K" only the sound of the gun hammer or t -K" rm either shit of head). This cartridge striker and of the bullet impact on the is about cal. .25, hits a long tapered case target to be heard. The silenter has, how- shoulder, and a fang round-nase ballet. To ever, some major limitations. what rifle is it adapted?—S.C. One of the greatest is that while noise Answer: The cartridge is a commercial from the powder gases leaving the muzzle version of the 6.5 mm. Portuguese car- can be muffled, nothing can be done to tridge made in Germany by DWM. It is silence the loud crack made by projectiles commonly called 6.5x58 Mouser or 6.5x58 passing through the air at speeds higher "P" tease length is 58 mm.). "K" is for than that of sound. Even at transonic Karlsruhe, where the DWM ammunition speeds the projectile makes a considerable plant is located, and "457" is the DWM identification number for this cartridge. noise. The effectiveness of silencers is therefore limited to guns firing projectiles well below the speed of sound. Silencers arc less than effective on re- volvers became they do nothing to muffle _ the gas escaping at the cylinder joint. They are also ineffective on those self-loading you'd expect arms which open while there is still some pressure in the barrel, since both gas from the new 4x the opening breech and also the moving mechanism make a noise. 1311SHNELI. There arc also the disadvantages of a device attached to the gun muzzle, whero weight and hulk arc most inconvenient. DIU\IME.72. 22 Some United Stales patents which have been issued on silencers are Nos. 880.386; riflescope, I .1 p, 1,018.720; 1.207.264; 1.259.251; 1.482.805. The silencer was given a military appli- to be cation during World War I, when a sniper model of the M1903 Springfield rifle was twice 6.5x58"P" (1.) and .30-'06 cartridges made with a Maxim silencer and a Warner This cartridge is adapted to the 6.5 mm. Swasey telescope sight. The rifle was the price Portuguese Hauser-Vergueiro Model 1904 very awkward, partly because of the si- military rifle and to 6.5x58 Oberndorf lencer and partly because of the telescope for even Mauser sporting rifles. Its long round-nose sight design, and there was of course the bullet weighs 155 Es., and the muzzle inability to silence the bullet crack which half the velocity with 25.6" barrel is 2568 f.p.s. has been explained above. Silencers were employed during World (feet per second).—L.O. . War II on some small weapons used by precision* various nations for semi-military purposes. SILENCERS These were classified. and no detailed in- 1— lion th, rifle silencers work, and how formation is available on them. elleelke are they? Why are they not gen- Silencers for sporting guns were pro- Vittil 11.14'fif?-13,1:.V. duced by the former Maxim Silencer Co. Answer: One of the very first successful over a period of many years. There ap- firearm silencers was developed by Hiram pears to have been a rather steady demand, Percy Maxim, a member of the famous but never a very great one. That company American family of inventors. discontinued the manufacture of silencers Silencers operate by trapping the powder about 1925 as being unprofitable. Manu- gases at the muzzle and releasing them over facture was then taken up by 2 or 3 small a little time. While this time is very short, manufacturers, but without much success. *brilliant, it is enough to lower and lengthen the pres- Now the only known source of gun si- tool sure peak of the escaping gases, thus lencers is Parker-Hale Ltd., Whittall Street. largely doing away with the resultant sharp Birmingham 4, England. Parker-Hale calls (Bushnell report. Maxim originally believed that for optics art these devices sound moderators, and manu- sold effectiveness the gases had to be given a factures them for cal. .22 weapons only. renowned) whirling motion through passages around The most important limiting factor is the inside of the silencer, and his first suc- now the regulation of silencers by law. The cessful silencer was designed on this basis. National Firearms Act includes silencers . . • only $14.95 Experience showed that this was not nec- among the weapons and devices which (complete with mount for grooved receivers) essary, the requirement for effectiveness must be registered with the Alcohol and being only that the gas escape slowly. Tobacco Tax Division of the Internal NOW AT YOUR DEALER . ASK FOR The principle is exactly the same as that Revenue Service, with payment of a tax of of the internal combustion engine miner. $200. Payment of $200 tax must be re- FREE 30-DAY TRIAL; OR WRITE: Of course, there must he a hole through pealed at each transfer of the item. Also the device in the projectile's path. a tax of $200 most he paid by the maker Trapping the muzzle gases and releasing lotlwr than established firearms manu- them over a little lime results in slowing facturers, who are licensed separately) on 0 Bushnell them. The force required to do this neces- each such item made. Also there are re- ARAX-46 Bushnell Bldg., Pasadena, California sarily involves an equal and opposite for- strictive state laws on silencers. ward reaction force on the firearm, de- Because of the severe regulation of these In Canada: 1310 W. 6th Ave., Vancouver 9, B.C. creasing the recoil. A silencer thus acts devices, THE AMERICAN RIFLEMAN has not Pistol Scopes • Binoculars • Photo-Optics also as a muzzle brake. developed information or data on making Spotting Scopes • Microscopes • Sunglasses A good silencer can be remarkably ef- firearms silencers.—E.H.H. JANUARY 1963 67 Almr-/e /i/v" E /m4,41