Non-Lead Hunting Bullets and Ammunition
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Comparative Analysis of Airborne Chemical Exposure to Air Force Small Arms Range Instructors
Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT Scholar Theses and Dissertations Student Graduate Works 3-2006 Comparative Analysis of Airborne Chemical Exposure to Air Force Small Arms Range Instructors Eric J. Cameron Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.afit.edu/etd Part of the Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons Recommended Citation Cameron, Eric J., "Comparative Analysis of Airborne Chemical Exposure to Air Force Small Arms Range Instructors" (2006). Theses and Dissertations. 3306. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/3306 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Graduate Works at AFIT Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AFIT Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vit COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AIRBORNE CHEMICAL EXPOSURE TO AIR FORCE SMALL ARMS RANGE INSTRUCTORS THESIS Eric J. Cameron, Captain, USAF, BSC AFIT/GES/ENV/06M-01 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. AFIT/GES/ENV/06M-01 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AIRBORNE CHEMICAL EXPOSURE TO AIR FORCE SMALL ARMS RANGE INSTRUCTORS THESIS Presented to the Faculty Department of Systems and Engineering Management Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and Training Command In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Science Eric J. -
Dumdum Slugs Used by Some Area Police
Expand Violently on Impact Dumdum Slugs Used By Some Area Police ByPhiwnshirm L,ptstR: A. N: oZstas IV Police in Prince George's, endangering innocent by- Montgomery and Fairfax slanders. counties, joining a growing The U.S. armed services national trend, are carrying do not use expanding bullets flat-nosed bullets that many because a 1907 Hague con- authorities call "dumdums" vention, to which the U.S. is because they expand vio- a party, outlawed bullets lently inside human or ani- "calculated to cause unnec- mal targets they hit. essary suffering," according These flat or hollow- to the U.S. State Depart- tipped bullets differ from ment Office of Treaty Af- the round-tipped .38-caliber fairs. slugs that have been the Rachel Hurley, a foreign standard police cartridge In affairs officer there, said the U.S: since the beginning the unnecessary suffering of the century. The "dum- clause "has been interpreted dums" rip wider wound to include . .. dumdum bul- channels through flesh, lets." sometimes shattering into Instead the tips of U.S. many pieces and tending to military bullets are pointed stop inside bodies rather rounded and the softlead is than going through cleanly, covered by a hard metal according to weapons ex- perts. jacket that tends to keep the bullets intact when it The suburban Washington hits a target. police who use them say Lt. Charles Federline they like their increased of the Montgomery County po- stopping power, greater lice department said, "There penetration of car doors and was an alarming increase of other shields used by crimi- people who were shot with nals and their tendency not to riccochet off pavement, See BULLETS, A10, Col. -
Non-Lead Rifle Hunting Ammunition: Issues of Availability and Performance in Europe
Eur J Wildl Res DOI 10.1007/s10344-016-1044-7 REVIEW Non-lead rifle hunting ammunition: issues of availability and performance in Europe Vernon G. Thomas1 & Carl Gremse2 & Niels Kanstrup3 Received: 31 May 2016 /Revised: 9 August 2016 /Accepted: 22 August 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Non-lead hunting rifle bullets were developed to but there is no advice to hunters yet given on the use of these make superior quality ammunition, and the need to reduce two bullet types. The non-toxicity of ingested metallic copper, lead exposure of wildlife and humans. European and US the principal component of non-lead bullets, is scientifically hunters’ concerns about non-lead bullets involve perceptions well-established. of availability, costs, efficacy, accuracy, toxicity, and barrel fouling. These concerns are politically powerful and, if not Keywords Bullets . Ballistics . Concerns . Efficacy . addressed, could thwart greater use of non-lead ammunition. Fragmenting . Fouling Product availability (i.e. that which is made) of non-lead rifle ammunition in a wide range of calibres is large in Europe and is suited for all European hunting situations. At least 13 major European companies make non-lead bullets for traditional, Introduction rare, and novel rifle calibres. Local retail availability is now a function of consumer demand which relates, directly, to A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that a transi- legal requirements for use. Costs of non-lead and equivalent tion to non-lead (synonymous with lead-free) rifle bullets is lead-core hunting bullets are similar in Europe and pose no advisable to reduce lead exposure in wildlife and humans from barrier to use. -
Intro to Reloading
Intro to Reloading This introductory manual will cover the basics of handloading ammunition. It will include information regarding necessary equipment, required materials, and the reloading process. This is not intended to be a comprehensive guide. Reloading is an in-depth, complex subject. This guide is a starting point for absolute beginners. Further information should be sought out for your specific calibers you are reloading, your specific brand and models of equipment, and your specific reloading components and materials. Follow all instructions that come with your equipment and materials. When someone who has never reloaded their own ammo looks into it, the needed equipment list is daunting and expensive. It is the intention of this guide to make reloading seem easy and accessible. Anyone, even children, can reload ammunition if shown the steps. My 8 year old is more than eager to help me de-prime, drop powder, or resize shells. Hopefully the knowledge presented here will increase your confidence when it comes to starting your reloading journey. [2] Socialistra.org Why Reload? Self Sufficiency: A decade ago, the generally accepted wisdom was “You will always be able to find .22lr. You will always be able to find .223. You will always be able to find .30-06. You will always be able to find XYZ.” After Sandy Hook in 2012, that all changed. For YEARS afterward, certain kinds of ammo were simply non-existent on store shelves. In this Time of Trump, it may not seem to make sense to spend $.10-$.25 more on each round you would make vs just buying the factory ammo. -
2021 Product Guide
NOSLER.COM 800.285.3701 2021 PRODUCT GUIDE Printed in the U.S.A. 107 S.W. Columbia St. Bend, OR 97702 Follow Nosler Online COTET 1 Content 35-36 Ballistic Tip® Ammunition 1-2 New Products 37 E-Tip® Ammunition AMMUNITION 3-4 Partition® Bullets 38 Varmageddon® Ammunition Ballistic Tip® Ammunition 5-6 AccuBond® Bullets 39-40 Match Grade™ 43457 6.5 PRC 140gr Ballistic Tip® 20ct 7-8 AccuBond® Long Range Bullets 41 Match Grade™ Handgun 43459 26 Nosler 140gr Ballistic Tip® 20ct 9-10 Ballistic Tip® Hunting Bullets 42 Nosler® Defense Handgun 43461 7mm Rem Mag 160gr Ballistic Tip® 20ct 11-12 CT®Ballistic Silvertip® Bullets 43 Nosler® Reloading Guide: Book 43463 28 Nosler 160gr Ballistic Tip® 20ct 13-14 E-Tip® Bullets 44 Bob Nosler: Born Ballistic: Book 61050 300 AAC BLK 220gr Ballistic Tip® Subsonic-RN 20ct 15-16 Solid™ Bullets 44 John Nosler: Going Ballistic: Book Defense Handgun 17-18 Ballistic Tip® Varmint Bullets 51280 10mm Auto 200gr Bonded JHP 20ct 19-20 Varmageddon® Bullets Appendix Match Grade Ammunition 21 Ballistic Tip® Lead-Free™ Bullets 45-46 Brass Appendix 75035 6.8mm Rem SPC 115gr Custom Competition® HPBT 20ct 22 BT® Muzzle Loader 46-56 Ammunition Appendix Trophy Grade® Ammunition 23-24 RDF™ 61036 223 Rem 70gr AccuBond® 20ct 25-26 Custom Competition® Bullets 61046 243 Win 100gr Partition® 20ct 27-28 Sporting Handgun® 61052 26 Nosler 150gr AccuBond®-LR 20ct 29-30 Nosler®Brass 61054 7mm Rem Mag 160gr Partition® 20ct 31-32 RMEF Products 61056 300 Win Mag 180gr Partition® 20ct 33-34 Trophy Grade™ Ammunition 61058 338 Win Mag 210gr Partition® 20ct Varmageddon™ 65137 222 Rem 50gr Varmageddon™ Tipped 20ct 60176 7.62x39mm 123gr Varmageddon™ Tipped 20ct 2021 E PRODUCT Bob Nosler: Born Ballistic Reloading Guide #9 The Life and Adventures of Bob Nosler PART# 50009 PART# 50167 E PRODUCT E PRODUCT 1 2021 PRODUCT GUIDE 800.285.3701 2 1 Nosler Engineering: Nosler’s special lead-alloy, dual-core provides superior mushrooming characteristics at virtually all impact velocities. -
2019 Catalog
2019 CATALOG AMERICA’S COMPANY AMERICA’S COMPANY AMERICA’S AMERICA’SAMMUNITION AMMUNITION TABLE OF CONTENTS PRODUCT LINES PMC in 2019 Vertical Integration Bronze Handgun Bronze Rifle X-TAC 3 4 6 10 14 X-TAC MATCH SFX Special Packaging Ballistics PMCAmmo.com 18 22 24 28 2 Through our dependability and customer service, we continue to bring our customers ammunition that exceeds their expectations, ensuring the highest quality ammunition at competitive prices. We will strive to expand our strong presence in the ammunition market. We ensure that the ammunition we provide uses the most advanced technology available. And, as technology continues to offer more innovations, we will still be mindful of the traditions and products that have brought us to where we are today. Our group of PMC professionals, enthusiasts, engineers, and shooters make for a formidable team, one of which we are very proud. Being a part of a team means that we look out for one another. This is why we listen to you and stand behind our products. We remain true to our customers and the values that form the foundation of our company. Regardless of the PMC ammunition you choose, you can always depend on our product quality measured by dependability, safety, performance, and downrange accuracy. Our Starfire line has been re-engineered and will be relaunched NEW as SFX. SFX meets existing law enforcement protocols. Its hyper- I N expanding hollow point is optimal for self-defense. 9SFX is currently 2019 available. 45SFX and 40SFX will be released later in 2019. 3 COMPLETE QUALITY CONTROL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Our supplier’s vertical integration philoso- PMC’s supplier owns and operates the phy allows for reliable quality control over brass mill that produces the brass strips every PMC component, each step of the from which all brass cartridge cups are way, in the manufacturing process. -
Lead Free Wildlife
Lead -Free Wildlife H 460: Protect Wildlife, Humans and the Environment from Toxic Lead Contamination Lead is a potent neurotoxicant that is unsafe for humans, wildlife and the environment. Lead ammunition needlessly exposes humans and other animals to this life-threatening poison. The Centers for Disease Control states there is no safe level of lead exposure.i Lead has been removed from various paints, gasoline, pipes, and a host of other items to protect human health and our environment. Lead-based ammunition is one of the greatest sources of lead discharged to Photo credit: Daniel D'Auria, Southern New Jersey, our lands and water.ii It poses significant health risks to animals, including USA, via Wikimedia Commons iii humans, and can have serious implications for the environment. The toxic effects of lead ammunition are poisoning Threat to wildlife: More than 130 species—including humans—have been Vermont’s wildlife. documented to be exposed to or killed by ingesting lead shot, bullet fragments, iv Last May, the VINS Center for or prey contaminated with spent lead ammunition. Wild Bird Rehabilitation received a Canada Goose with Animals can fall victim to spent lead ammunition through two avenues: neurological symptoms, dehydration, and fever. The Primary poisoning, in which an animal ingests spent ammunition Goose was also very weak, directly from the environment, usually when foraging for food on the paralyzed, and had fluid running from its beak. ground; and Secondary poisoning, in which an animal consumes wounded or Treatment for lead poisoning was performed, but the bird’s dead prey or scavenges gut piles contaminated with lead ammunition condition was too critical and left behind by hunters. -
US Army Ammunition Data Sheets
TM 43-000 l-27 TECHNICAL MANUAL ARMY AMMUNITION DATA SHEETS SMALL CALIBER AMMUNITION FSC 1305 . DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release: distribution is unlimited. HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY APRIL 1994 TM 43-0001-27 When applicable, insert latest change pages and dispose of LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES supersededpages in accordance with applicable rcgulat~ons. TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 316 CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING: Page *Change Page *Change No. No. No. No. Cover 10-l thru lo-24 A 11-l thru 11-32 B 12-l thru 12-8 ithruvi 13-1 thru 13-8 l-l and l-2 14-1 thru 14-42 2-1 thru 2-16 15-l thru 15-16 3-1 thru 3-10 16-1 thru 16-10 4-1 thru 4-12 17-1 thru 17-8 5-1 thru 5-24 18-1 thru 18-16 6-1 thru 6-4 18-17 7-l thru 7-8 18-18 8-l thru 8-18 Authentication Page 9-l thru 9-46 * Zero indicates an original page. Change 1 A :::‘l’M43.0001-“7 Technical Manual ) HEADQUARTERS ) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY p No. 43-0001-2’7 ) Washington, DC, 20 April 1994 ARMY AMMUNITION DATA SHEETS SMALL CALIBER AMMUNITION FSC 1305 REPORTING OF ERRORS AND RECOMMENDING IMPROVEMENTS You can improve this manual. If you find any mistakes or know of a way to improve the procedures, please let us know. Mail your DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms), or DA Fornl 2028-2 located in the back of this nxmual direct to Commander, U.S. -
Winchester Reloading Manuals
15th Edition Reloader’s Manual What’s it take to manufacture the world’s finest ammunition? The world’s finest components. Winchester understands the demands of shooters and hunters want- ing to develop the “perfect load.” You can rest assured that every Winchester ammu- nition component is made to meet and exceed the most demanding requirements and performance standards in the world– yours. Winchester is the only manufacturer which backs up its data with over 125 years of experience in manufacturing rifle, handgun and shotshell ammunition.The data in this booklet are the culmination of very extensive testing which insures the reloader the best possible results. This 15th edition contains more than 150 new recipes, including AA Plus® Ball Powder® propellant, WAA12L wad, 9x23 Winchester and 454 Casull. This information is presented to furnish the reloader with current data for reloading shotshell and centerfire rifle and handgun ammunition. It is not a textbook on how to reload, but rather a useful reference list of recommended loads using Winchester® components. TABLE OF CONTENTS Warnings Read Before using Data. 2 Components Section. 6 Shotshell Reloading. 12 Shotshell Data. 17 Powder Bushing Information. 25 Metallic Cartridge Reloading. 33 Rifle Data. 35 Handgun Data. 42 Ballistic Terms and Definitions. 51 TRADEMARK NOTICE AA Plus, AA, Action Pistol, Fail Safe, Lubalox, Lubaloy, Silvertip, Super-Field, Super-Lite, Super-Match, Super-Target, Super-X, Xpert and Winchester are registered trademarks of Olin Corporation. Magnum Rifle, and Upland, are trademarks of Olin Corporation. Ball Powder is a registered trademark of Primex Technologies, Inc. © 1997 Winchester Group, Olin Corporation, East Alton, IL 62024 1 WARNINGS Read before using data The shotshell and metallic cartridge data in this booklet supersede all previous data published for Ball Powder® smokeless propellants. -
Terminal Ballistics
Terminal ballistics Terminal ballistics, a sub-field of ballistics, is the study of the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits its target.[1] Terminal ballistics is relevant both for small caliber pro- jectiles as well as for large caliber projectiles (fired from artillery). The study of extremely high velocity impacts is still very new and is as yet mostly applied to spacecraft design. 1 General An early result is due to Newton; the impact depth of any .32 ACP full metal jacket, .32 S&W Long wadcutter, .380 ACP projectile is the depth that a projectile will reach before jacketed hollow point stopping in a medium; in Newtonian mechanics, a pro- jectile stops when it has transferred its momentum to an equal mass of the medium. If the impactor and medium 2.1.1 Target shooting have similar density this happens at an impact depth equal to the length of the impactor. For short range target shooting on ranges up to 50 me- For this simple result to be valid, the arresting medium is ters (55 yd), aerodynamics is relatively unimportant and considered to have no integral shear strength. Note that velocities are low. As long as the bullet is balanced so it even though the projectile has stopped, the momentum is does not tumble, the aerodynamics are unimportant. For still transferred, and in the real world spalling and similar shooting at paper targets, the best bullet is one that will effects can occur. punch a perfect hole through the target. These bullets are called wadcutters. They have a very flat front, often with a relatively sharp edge along the perimeter. -
30-06 Springfield 1 .30-06 Springfield
.30-06 Springfield 1 .30-06 Springfield .30-06 Springfield .30-06 Springfield cartridge with soft tip Type Rifle Place of origin United States Service history In service 1906–present Used by USA and others Wars World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, to present Production history Designer United States Military Designed 1906 Produced 1906–present Specifications Parent case .30-03 Springfield Case type Rimless, bottleneck Bullet diameter .308 in (7.8 mm) Neck diameter .340 in (8.6 mm) Shoulder diameter .441 in (11.2 mm) Base diameter .471 in (12.0 mm) Rim diameter .473 in (12.0 mm) Rim thickness .049 in (1.2 mm) Case length 2.494 in (63.3 mm) Overall length 3.34 in (85 mm) Case capacity 68 gr H O (4.4 cm3) 2 Rifling twist 1-10 in. Primer type Large Rifle Maximum pressure 60,200 psi Ballistic performance Bullet weight/type Velocity Energy 150 gr (10 g) Nosler Ballistic Tip 2,910 ft/s (890 m/s) 2,820 ft·lbf (3,820 J) 165 gr (11 g) BTSP 2,800 ft/s (850 m/s) 2,872 ft·lbf (3,894 J) 180 gr (12 g) Core-Lokt Soft Point 2,700 ft/s (820 m/s) 2,913 ft·lbf (3,949 J) 200 gr (13 g) Partition 2,569 ft/s (783 m/s) 2,932 ft·lbf (3,975 J) 220 gr (14 g) RN 2,500 ft/s (760 m/s) 2,981 ft·lbf (4,042 J) .30-06 Springfield 2 Test barrel length: 24 inch 60 cm [] [] Source(s): Federal Cartridge / Accurate Powder The .30-06 Springfield cartridge (pronounced "thirty-aught-six" or "thirty-oh-six"),7.62×63mm in metric notation, and "30 Gov't 06" by Winchester[1] was introduced to the United States Army in 1906 and standardized, and was in use until the 1960s and early 1970s. -
Copper Bullets, Ballistically by Wayne Van Zwoll
The following review was accessed at: http://www.rmef.org/Hunting/RifleCart/Rifles/CopperBullets.htm on 8/15/2012. Copper Bullets, Ballistically by Wayne van Zwoll Lead-free bullets have been around for decades. Now they’re the rage. But how do they perform? For bullets, lead is logical. It is dense, malleable and relatively cheap. When a hollow-base bullet upstaged the patched round ball in the 1840s, the physical properties of lead were essential to its success. The pressure of powder gas in the base cavity expanded it upon firing, for a tight bore fit and good accuracy. Lubricated with mutton fat or beeswax, the Minie ball, was issued to Union troops for their Enfields during our Civil War. After metallic cartridges and breech-loading rifles appeared, an expanding bullet base was no longer needed. In the 1890s, repeating rifles by John Browning and Paul Mauser put muzzleloaders on the skids. High-energy smokeless propellants supplanted black powder, hiking bullet velocities. Increased bore friction deformed traditional lead bullets, however, and accuracy fell off. Solution: a jacket to insulate the lead. The .30-06 cartridge was conceived in 1900, when engineers at Springfield Armory began work on a battle rifle to replace the .30-40 Krag- Jorgensen. The Model 1903 Springfield fired a 30-caliber rimless round with a 220-grain bullet at 2,300 fps that closely matched the 8x57 Mauser and its 236-grain bullet at 2,125. A year later Germany switched to a 154-grain 8mm spitzer at 2,800 fps. The Americans countered with the Ball Cartridge, Caliber .30, Model 1906, hurling a 150-grain bullet at 2,700.