2021 Product Guide
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Ballistic Coefficient Testing of the Berger .308 155
Ballistic Coefficient Testing of the Berger .308 155 grain VLD By: Bryan Litz Introduction The purpose of this article is to discuss the ballistics of the Berger .30 caliber 155 grain VLD as measured by firing tests. Such thorough and precise firing tests are a rare commodity for the sporting arms industry. As tempting as it is to dive into the interesting topic of the test itself, only limited discussion is provided on the actual test procedures. The main focus will be on the results of the tests. So why go to the effort of measuring ballistic coefficient (BC) when the manufacturer provides it for us? The short answer is: because the manufacturers advertised BC is often inaccurate. Most manufacturers use some kind of computer program to predict the BC. Few manufacturers actually test fire their bullets to get BC, and when they do, test methods vary between manufacturers. The various methods used by the bullet manufacturers to establish BC’s makes it very hard to compare bullets of different brands. This inconsistency has resulted in much confusion over the years to the point that many shooters give up on the notion that BC is a useful number at all! Apparently, it would be a great benefit to the shooting community to have a single, unbiased third-party applying the same testing method to measure the BC of all bullets, and that is my motivation. Armed with truly accurate BC’s, match shooters will finally be able to compare ‘apples-to-apples’ when choosing a bullet to use in windy competitions. -
Non-Lead Rifle Hunting Ammunition: Issues of Availability and Performance in Europe
Eur J Wildl Res DOI 10.1007/s10344-016-1044-7 REVIEW Non-lead rifle hunting ammunition: issues of availability and performance in Europe Vernon G. Thomas1 & Carl Gremse2 & Niels Kanstrup3 Received: 31 May 2016 /Revised: 9 August 2016 /Accepted: 22 August 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Non-lead hunting rifle bullets were developed to but there is no advice to hunters yet given on the use of these make superior quality ammunition, and the need to reduce two bullet types. The non-toxicity of ingested metallic copper, lead exposure of wildlife and humans. European and US the principal component of non-lead bullets, is scientifically hunters’ concerns about non-lead bullets involve perceptions well-established. of availability, costs, efficacy, accuracy, toxicity, and barrel fouling. These concerns are politically powerful and, if not Keywords Bullets . Ballistics . Concerns . Efficacy . addressed, could thwart greater use of non-lead ammunition. Fragmenting . Fouling Product availability (i.e. that which is made) of non-lead rifle ammunition in a wide range of calibres is large in Europe and is suited for all European hunting situations. At least 13 major European companies make non-lead bullets for traditional, Introduction rare, and novel rifle calibres. Local retail availability is now a function of consumer demand which relates, directly, to A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that a transi- legal requirements for use. Costs of non-lead and equivalent tion to non-lead (synonymous with lead-free) rifle bullets is lead-core hunting bullets are similar in Europe and pose no advisable to reduce lead exposure in wildlife and humans from barrier to use. -
Civilian Sales of Military Sniper Rifles (May 1999), P
1. Violence Policy Center, One Shot, One Kill: Civilian Sales of Military Sniper Rifles (May 1999), p. 2. 2. Violence Policy Center, One Shot, One Kill: Civilian Sales of Military Sniper Rifles (May 1999), p. 8. 3. David A. Shlapak and Alan Vick, RAND, “Check Six begins on the ground”: Responding to the Evolving Ground Threat to U.S. Air Force Bases (1995), p. 51. 4. Transcript of trial, United States of America v. Usama bin Laden, et al., United States District Court, Southern District of New York, February 14, 2001, pp. 18- 19; “Al-Qaeda’s Business Empire,” Jane’s Intelligence Review (August 1, 2001). 5. Toby Harnden, Bandit Country: The IRA and South Armagh (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1999), pp. 354-55; “Arsenal Which Threatens Peace,” Daily Record (Scotland), 3 July 2001, p. 9. 6. See, e.g., “Provos ‘have a second supergun in armoury,’ Belfast Telegraph, 4 November 1999. 7. “The Ultimate Jihad Challenge,” downloaded from http://www.sakina.fsbusiness.co.uk/home.html on September 24, 2001; “Britain Tracing Trail of One More Jihad Group,” The New York Times on the Web, 4 October 2001; “British Muslims seek terror training in US,” Sunday Telegraph (London), 21 May 2000, p.5. 8. See, e.g., advertisement for Storm Mountain Training Center in The Accurate Rifle (April 2001), p.27; “Killer Course: The Men in Storm Mountain’s Sniper Class Don’t All Have Their Sights Set on the Same Thing,” The Washington Post, 13 July 2000, p. C1; “Best of the Best; Arms Training Site Aims to Lure Gun Enthusiasts, Soldiers,” The Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk), 27 September 1998, p. -
External Ballistics Primer for Engineers Part I: Aerodynamics & Projectile Motion
402.pdf A SunCam online continuing education course External Ballistics Primer for Engineers Part I: Aerodynamics & Projectile Motion by Terry A. Willemin, P.E. 402.pdf External Ballistics Primer for Engineers A SunCam online continuing education course Introduction This primer covers basic aerodynamics, fluid mechanics, and flight-path modifying factors as they relate to ballistic projectiles. To the unacquainted, this could sound like a very focused or unlikely topic for most professional engineers, and might even conjure ideas of guns, explosions, ICBM’s and so on. But, ballistics is both the science of the motion of projectiles in flight, and the flight characteristics of a projectile (1). A slightly deeper dive reveals the physics behind it are the same that engineers of many disciplines deal with regularly. This course presents a conceptual description of the associated mechanics, augmented by simplified algebraic equations to clarify understanding of the topics. Mentions are made of some governing equations with focus given to a few specialized cases. This is not an instructional tool for determining rocket flight paths, or a guide for long-range shooting, and it does not offer detailed information on astrodynamics or orbital mechanics. The primer has been broken into two modules or parts. This first part deals with various aerodynamic effects, earth’s planetary effects, some stabilization methods, and projectile motion as they each affect a projectile’s flight path. In part II some of the more elementary measurement tools a research engineer may use are addressed and a chapter is included on the ballistic pendulum, just for fun. Because this is introductory course some of the sections are laconic/abridged touches on the matter; however, as mentioned, they carry application to a broad spectrum of engineering work. -
True Satellite Ballistic Coefficient Determination for HASDM
AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit AIAA 2002-4887 5-8 August 2002, Monterey, California True Satellite Ballistic Coefficient Determination for HASDM Bruce R. Bowman Air Force Space Command, Space Analysis Center Peterson AFB, Colorado 80914-4650 Abstract. The High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model differentiate this estimated value from the “true” (HASDM) requires true satellite ballistic coefficients ballistic coefficient B, we denote it as B′ which is given (B) in order to estimate accurate atmospheric by: temperature/density corrections. Using satellite tracking ∆∆tt 33 data “true” B values were obtained for over 40 satellites BB′′≅ ∫ρρvdt ∫vdt that have been in orbit since 1970. Differential orbit 00 corrections were computed from 1970 to 2001 every 3 days throughout the 31-year period for each satellite. where ρ is the true density, ρ′ is the model density, v The “true” B values were computed by averaging the is the velocity of the satellite, and dt is a differential nearly 3200 estimated B values obtained for each element of time which is used to integrate over the fit satellite. These “true” B values were validated by span ∆t . Strictly speaking, v3 represents comparing the “true” B values of two spheres with vv( r ⋅ vr ) , where vr is the velocity of the satellite theoretical values based on their known physical rel rel sat rel r dimensions, and by comparing the “true” B values relative to the atmosphere and vsat is the velocity of the obtained for pairs of satellites having very similar size, satellite relative to the inertial coordinate frame. vrel is shape, and mass. -
30-06 Springfield 1 .30-06 Springfield
.30-06 Springfield 1 .30-06 Springfield .30-06 Springfield .30-06 Springfield cartridge with soft tip Type Rifle Place of origin United States Service history In service 1906–present Used by USA and others Wars World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, to present Production history Designer United States Military Designed 1906 Produced 1906–present Specifications Parent case .30-03 Springfield Case type Rimless, bottleneck Bullet diameter .308 in (7.8 mm) Neck diameter .340 in (8.6 mm) Shoulder diameter .441 in (11.2 mm) Base diameter .471 in (12.0 mm) Rim diameter .473 in (12.0 mm) Rim thickness .049 in (1.2 mm) Case length 2.494 in (63.3 mm) Overall length 3.34 in (85 mm) Case capacity 68 gr H O (4.4 cm3) 2 Rifling twist 1-10 in. Primer type Large Rifle Maximum pressure 60,200 psi Ballistic performance Bullet weight/type Velocity Energy 150 gr (10 g) Nosler Ballistic Tip 2,910 ft/s (890 m/s) 2,820 ft·lbf (3,820 J) 165 gr (11 g) BTSP 2,800 ft/s (850 m/s) 2,872 ft·lbf (3,894 J) 180 gr (12 g) Core-Lokt Soft Point 2,700 ft/s (820 m/s) 2,913 ft·lbf (3,949 J) 200 gr (13 g) Partition 2,569 ft/s (783 m/s) 2,932 ft·lbf (3,975 J) 220 gr (14 g) RN 2,500 ft/s (760 m/s) 2,981 ft·lbf (4,042 J) .30-06 Springfield 2 Test barrel length: 24 inch 60 cm [] [] Source(s): Federal Cartridge / Accurate Powder The .30-06 Springfield cartridge (pronounced "thirty-aught-six" or "thirty-oh-six"),7.62×63mm in metric notation, and "30 Gov't 06" by Winchester[1] was introduced to the United States Army in 1906 and standardized, and was in use until the 1960s and early 1970s. -
Woodleigh Bullets 2018 Catalo
WOODLEIGH BULLETS L G A M L E A R O F premium G bullets N I H U N T CATALOGUE 2018 WOODLEIGH BULLETS Merchandise and Bullet Features MERCHANDISE Woodleigh Bullets Loading Manual Comprehensive guide 350 + pages with loading data for American, European, British and Double Rifle cartridges plus the history of Woodleigh Bullets and Hydrostatically Stabilised bullets. Compiled by Geoff McDonald, Graeme Wright and Hans Bossert. Woodleigh Bullets Caps available in red, black, cammo, navy blue and Woodleigh Loading Manual fluoro orange. Woodleigh Bullets P.O. Box 15, MURRABIT, VIC 3579 AUSTRALIA Ph: 61 3 5457 2226 Fax: 61 3 5457 2339 Email: [email protected] Web: www.woodleighbullets.com.au Polo shirts available in black, red, navy, grey and burgundy Cloth Badges Drink Holder 375 heavy duty round nose in 300 grain 500 S+W in 400 grain recovered 404 Jeffrey in 400 grain recovered from and recovered from Buffalo from Nilgai Buffalo Front Cover Mr Estian Van Rensburg and African Buffalo with his double .450 Nitro no 2 and a 480gr Woodleigh soft nose. Mr. Lindsay Taylor and Warthog shot with a Sako 85 Brown Bear in 375 H&H Magnum and 235gr Protected Point. WOODLEIGH BULLETS Recommended Usage Recommended Impact Velocities Weldcore Soft Nose Woodleigh have recommended impact velocities for all our Using our jackets, deep drawn from 90/10 gilding metal with soft nose bullets. These are listed on our website and printed internal profiling for controlled expansion, combined with our on the bullet boxes. We recommend a range of impact bonded core process ensures reliable lethality over a broad velocities for each bullet which will give reliable expansion velocity range. -
Ballistics Specifications
BALLISTICS SPECIFICATIONS SUGGESTED CARTRIDGE BULLET PRODUCT CODE MSRP B/C VELOCITY IN FEET PER SECOND ENERGY IN FOOT-POUNDS PATH OF BULLET USAGE Weight Bullet 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 Muzzle Muzzle Grains Type yards yards yards yards yards yards yards yards yards yards yards yards yards yards yards V .224 Wby. 55 SP H22455SP $75 .235 3650 3192 2780 2403 2056 1741 1627 1244 944 705 516 370 2.8 3.7 0.0 -9.8 -27.9 M .240 Wby. 80 Barnes TTSX B24080TTSX $99 .333 3500 3222 2962 2717 2484 2264 2448 2075 1753 1475 1233 1024 2.6 3.3 0.0 -8.0 -21.6 M 100 Spitzer G240100SR $44 .302 3200 2875 2573 2290 2025 1780 2274 1836 1470 1165 911 703 3.6 4.4 0.0 -11.1 -30.7 M 100 Partition N240100PT $99 .384 3406 3136 2882 2642 2415 2199 2576 2183 1844 1550 1294 1073 2.8 3.5 0.0 -8.4 -22.9 M .257 Wby. 80 Barnes TTSX B25780TTSX $99 .316 3870 3561 3274 3005 2753 2514 2661 2253 1904 1605 1346 1123 1.9 2.6 0.0 -6.4 -17.4 M 100 Spitzer G257100SR $44 .256 3500 3091 2718 2375 2057 1766 2721 2122 1641 1253 940 693 3.0 3.9 0.0 -10.1 -28.5 M 100 SP H257100SP $75 .357 3602 3298 3016 2750 2500 2264 2881 2416 2019 1680 1388 1138 2.4 3.1 0.0 -7.7 -21.0 M 100 Barnes TTSX B257100TTSX $99 .370 3570 3312 3079 2840 2623 2203 2731 2352 2019 1725 1496 1239 2.9 3.7 0.0 -8.8 -23.7 M 110 Accubond N257110ACB $99 .418 3460 3207 2969 2744 2529 2325 2925 2513 2154 1839 1563 1320 2.7 3.3 0.0 -7.9 -21.2 M 115 Ballistic Tip N257115BST $85 .453 3400 3170 2952 2745 2547 2357 2952 2566 2226 1924 1656 1419 3.0 3.5 0.0 -7.9 -21.5 M 120 Partition N257120PT $99 -
338 Lapua Magnum Brass Comparative Assessments Copyright 2017 Illinois Reloading Lab Accuracy Escalates with the Refinem
338 Lapua Magnum Brass Comparative Assessments Copyright 2017 Illinois Reloading Lab Accuracy escalates with the refinement of CNC Machining and the extreme tolerances we see in today’s rifle actions, barrels and stocks resulting in tight little groups where it matters most - at the target. Last month we released our 6.5 Creedmoor report - and the groups from the range session were simply astounding! This month we release our next report on the “Big Daddy” of true long range rifle calibers, the 338 Lapua Magnum. The term “Long Range” is relative and means something different to each rifleman. I suspect this is due to the distance at which they hunt and practice. For example, if your local rifle range has a 100 yard maximum and you’re hunting the deep thick woods of the east coast, 300 yards might be your definition of long range. But the desert southwest rifleman who has access to a 1000 yard range and can hunt deer well beyond 400 yards, 1000 yards may be long range to them. For this review, let’s agree to the following: Short Range is 0-600 yards, Medium Range is 600- 1000 yards and true Long Range is 1000 yards and beyond. And when I refer to the 338 Lapua in this report – I mean 338 Lapua Magnum Most rifles in the magnum class (300 Win Mag, 7mm Rem Mag, etc.) are designed to provide the velocity needed to reach out beyond 1000 yards and reliably impact targets with enough energy to perform the desired task. The 338 Lapua is in many ways and extension of the “Long Range” tool set, only this time it’s designed to live and perform at ranges few cartridges are even capable of: one mile and beyond. -
2012 Winchester Ammunition Ballistics Guide
2012 Winchester Ammunition Ballistics Guide TMTMtm The American Legendtm Across each skyline, the famous Winchester and Horse and Rider logos represent the sought-after brand and quality contained in each box of ammo. Consumer's can quick- The bullet type An artistic image ly identify what load is and construction illustrates end use contained in each box. features are easy application or brand. to identify. Bold logos are consistently placed on all sides to help consumer’s quickly spot a desired product or bullet. Key product features and benefits are illustrated on the back panel along with ballistics information. End flaps will include product type, usage graphics and brand logos. A new ‘usage graphic’ will help you identify the type of ammunition you need for hunting or shooting. New Look For Winchester Packaging New Look For Winchester Packaging CENTERFIRE RIFLE From tall hardwood forests, to vast rolling plains, to mountainous terrain covered in dense pine and aspen groves – Winchester Ammunition is there. With innovative and high-performance centerfire rifle ammunition designed for any game, in any hunting situation, you can rely on Winchester to live up to the legend – and deliver results. 3 CENTERFIRE RIFLE BULLET ANATOMY WINCHESTER AMMUNITION 2012 Polymer Tip Extruded Jacket Lead Core Boat Tail Lubalox® (Black Oxide) Coating CENTERFIRE RIFLE BULLET ANATOMY 05 CENTERFIRE RIFLE WINCHESTER AMMUNITION 2012 Bullet Wt. Velocity in Feet Per Second (fps) Energy in Foot Pounds (ft-lbs.) Trajectory, Short Range Yards Trajectory, Long -
Re-Entry Prediction of Objects with Low-Eccentricity Orbits Based on Mean Ballistic Coeflcients
Open Astron. 2020; 29: 210–219 Research Article Zhang Wei*, Cui Wen, Wang Xiuhong, Wei Dong, and Liu Xing Re-entry prediction of objects with low-eccentricity orbits based on mean ballistic coeflcients https://doi.org/10.1515/astro-2020-0006 Received Feb 17, 2020; accepted May 05, 2020 Abstract: During re-entry objects with low-eccentricity orbits traverse a large portion of the dense atmospheric region almost every orbital revolution. Their perigee decays slowly, but the apogee decays rapidly. Because ballistic coefficients change with altitude, re-entry predictions of objects in low-eccentricity orbits are more difficult than objects in nearly circular orbits. Problems in orbit determination, such as large residuals and non-convergence, arise for this class of objects, especially in the case of sparse observations. In addition, it might be difficult to select suitable initial ballistic coefficient for re-entry prediction. We present a new re-entry prediction method based on mean ballistic coefficients for objects with low-eccentricity orbits. The mean ballistic coefficient reflects the average effect of atmospheric drag during one orbital revolution, and the coefficient is estimated using a semi-numerical method with a step size ofone period. The method is tested using Iridium-52 which uses sparse observations as the data source, and ten other objects with low-eccentricity orbits which use TLEs as the data source. We also discuss the performance of the mean ballistic coefficient when used in the evolution of drag characteristics and orbit propagation. The results show thatthemean ballistic coefficient is ideal for re-entry prediction and orbit propagation of objects with low-eccentricity orbits. -
Annual Firearms Manufacturing and Export Report 2018 Final
ANNUAL FIREARMS MANUFACTURING AND EXPORT REPORT YEAR 2018 Final* MANUFACTURED PISTOLS REVOLVERS TO .22 417,806 TO .22 271,553 TO .25 25,370 TO .32 1,100 TO .32 30,306 TO .357 MAG 113,395 TO .380 760,812 TO .38 SPEC 199,028 TO 9MM 2,099,319 TO .44 MAG 42,436 TO .50 547,545 TO .50 37,323 TOTAL 3,881,158 TOTAL 664,835 RIFLES 2,880,536 SHOTGUNS 536,126 MISC. FIREARMS 1,089,973 EXPORTED PISTOLS 333,266 REVOLVERS 21,498 RIFLES 165,573 SHOTGUNS 27,774 MISC. FIREARMS 6,126 * FOR PURPOSES OF THIS REPORT ONLY, "PRODUCTION" IS DEFINED AS: FIREARMS, INCLUDING SEPARATE FRAMES OR RECEIVERS, ACTIONS OR BARRELED ACTIONS, MANUFACTURED AND DISPOSED OF IN COMMERCE DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR. PREPARED BY LED 01/28/2020 REPORT DATA AS OF 01/28/2020 PISTOLS MANUFACTURED IN 2018 PAGE 1 OF 128 PISTOL PISTOL PISTOL PISTOL PISTOL PISTOL PISTOL RDS KEY LICENSE NAME STREET CITY ST 22 25 32 380 9MM 50 TOTAL 99202128 BOWMAN, FORREST WADE 29 COLLEGE RD #8B-2 FAIRBANKS AK 0 5 0 0 0 1 6 99202850 DOWLE, PAUL GORDON 1985 LARIX DR NORTH POLE AK 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 99203038 EVERYDAY DEFENSE 1591 N KERRY LYNN LN WASILLA AK 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 SOLUTIONS LLC 99202873 HAWK SHOP LLC 2117 S CUSHMAN ST FAIRBANKS AK 2 0 1 0 4 11 18 99202968 HOBBS, THOMAS CHARLES 3851 MARIAH DRIVE EAGLE RIVER AK 0 0 0 6 1 0 7 16307238 ANDERSONS GUNSMITHING 4065 COUNTY ROAD 134 HENAGAR AL 4 0 2 0 0 0 6 AND MACHINING LLC 16307089 BARBOUR CREEK LLC 200 SELF RD EUFAULA AL 0 0 0 1 14 0 15 16307641 BOTTA, PAUL EDWARD 10040 BUTTERCREME DR MOBILE AL 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 S 16303219 CHATTAHOOCHEE GUN 312 LEE RD 553 PHENIX CITY