DOCSLIB.ORG

China’S National Report on Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China’S National Report on Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity CHINA’S NATIONAL REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AGENCY OF CHINA DECEMBER, 1997 Project Leading Agency: National Environmental Protection Agency of China * Participating Departments and Agencies: Ministry of Foreign Affairs State Planning Commission State Education Commission * State Science and Technology Commission Ministry of Public Security Ministry of Finance Ministry of Construction * Ministry of Agriculture * Ministry of Forestry Ministry of Film, Radio and Television Broadcasting State Administration of Industry and Commerce General Customs Administration Xinhua News Agency Chinese Academy of Sciences * State Patent Administration State Oceanic Administration * State Pharmaceutical Administration * People’s Daily Guangming Daily Project Supporting Agency: United Nations Environment Programme Project Implementing Institution: Nanjing Institute of Sciences under NEPA Note: The departments or institutions marked with a star have made their contribution to this report. Foreword China has actively participated in the drafting, discussion and negotiation of the Convention on Biological From November 1988 to May 1992, China sent delegates to attend 10 important meetings for drafting, discussing and negotiation among governments for concluding CBD. Together with all the relevant government delegates, China has played an active role in promoting conclusion of CBD. From 3 to 14, June, 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development was convened in Rio, Brazil. Chinese Premier Li Peng and State Councillor Song Jian were invited to attend this conference together with heads of state and, high-level officials from other countries. Premier Li Peng signed the Convention on, Biological Diversity on behalf of the government of China on June 11, 1992, making China the 64” Parties to CBD. In the Earth Summit on June 12, Premier Li Peng delivered an important speech in which five proposals for addressing global environment and development issues were made. He also pointed out that China’s environmental issues were a part of global issues and China was aware of his responsibility for and role in protecting global environment and ecology, so from this perspective, China attaches great importance to and actively participates in the discussion on environment and development issues and has signed a number of international convention and agreements. He also said that China was ‘willing to shoulder the international responsibility and obligation corresponding to its level of development and strengthen international cooperation in an effort to address global environment and development issues. On November 7, 1992, the National People’s Congress examined and approved the CBD at the meeting of its Standing Committee. On January 5, 1993, China submitted the letter of ratification and became one of the countries to ratify the CBD. Since its conclusion, China has done tremendous work in implementing the CBD and made many accomplishments. This report will mainly describe work China has done in the conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity since it ratified CBD, in particular the progress in implementing the Article 6 of CBD. The formulation of this report was under the guidance of the Coordinating Group for Implementing CBD in which is headed by National Environmental Protection Agency of and composed of 20 government departments under the State Council. The CG examined TOR and drafting outline of this report at its meeting held in May 13, 1997 and approved in principle the content of this report at its meeting held in November 14, 1997. The formulation of this report follows the guidelines identified in Decision of COP 2 and its This report covers all the aspects included in the proposed guideline. The formulation of this report is organized by NEPA and the report writing organized by Nanjing Institute of Environmental under NEPA. An expert group for report drafting was set up with NEPA as leading agency and involving the officers and experts appointed by the Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, State Education Commission, State Oceanic Administration, Ministry of Construction, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Pharmaceutical Administration. Other relevant departments and institutions also participated in the discussion, examination and revision of this report. Two workshops were held in preparing for this report. The second one was a national workshop which was participated by representatives of 20 departments as well as academic institutions. The result of discussion from the two workshops had exercised important influence on the revision and improvement of this report. This report is the first national report on implementation of CBD. China hopes that the biodiversity conservation can be promoted and the international experience in implementing CBD can be drawn upon through formulation and exchange of national reports. Content Executive Summary.. Chapter I. Introduction 1.1 Biodiversity in China and Its Significance ...................................... 1 Rich Biodiversity in China ...................................................... 1.1.2 Significance of Biodiversity in China......................................... 1.2 Background and Objective of Report Formulation ........................... 1.2.1 Background.. ..................................................................... 1.2.2 Objective 1.3 Objective and Task of Article 6 of CBD.. ..................................... 2 1.3.1 Objective of Article 6.. .......................................................... 1.3.2 Task for Implementing Article 6. 12 1.4 Implementation of China’s Commitment to CBD ............................. 1.4.1 Establishment of National Coordinating Body 1.4.2 Formulation of Action Plan.. 14 1.4.3 Country Study.. ..................................................................... 14 1.4.4 Participation in COP Chapter II. National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation 2.1 National Strategy of Sustainable Development ................................. 2.1.1 China Measures for, Environment and Development 2.1.2 China’s Agenda .............................................. National Ninth Five-year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-term Program for 2010.. .................................................... 2.1.4 State Council Decision on Several Environmental Issues 1 2.2 National Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation in Country Study 1 2.2.1 Legislation........................................................................... 2 2.2.2 Institutional Building ............................................................... 2 2.2.3 Human Resources Development. 2.2.4 Establishment of Policy Framework............................................. 4 2.2.5 Conservation Measures. 4 2.2.6 Development in Science and Technology.. ...................................... 2.2.7 Education, Publicity and Public Participation ................................... 2.2.8 Principle for International Cooperation.......................................... 6 2.3 China Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation ................................ 6 2.3.1 Main Objectives Actions in Action Plan ...................................... 6 2.3.2 Priority Protected Eco-systems in Action Plan ................................. 8 2.3.3 Priority Protected Species in Action Plan ....................................... 9 Chapter III. Interdepartmental Action Plan and Policy for Biodiversity Conservation 3.1 China Action Plan for Environmental 3.1.1 Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Forest Resources 3.1.2 Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Grassland....................... 3.1.3 Eco-farming.. ......................................................................... 31 3.1.4 Marine Environment Protection and Conservation of Marine Resources Species Protection ................................................................. 2 3.1.6 Wetland Conservation .............................................................. 3.1.7 Nature Reserve Construction and Management ................................ 3.2 National Ninth Five-year for Environmental Protection and Long-term Program for 2010.. ..................................................................... 34 3.2.1 National Goal for Environmental Protection.................................... 4 3.2.2 National Environmental Policy ................................................... 4 3.2.3 Priority Areas for Nature Conservation in the Ninth Five-year Plan Period..3 5 3.3 Program of Development of Nature 1996-2010). 3.3.1 Current Situation of Nature Reserve Construction and Management ........ 3.3.2 Objective for National Planning Nature Reserves .............................. 3.3.3 Scheme for Planning and Development of Nature Reserves 3.4 National Investigation on Enforcement of Environmental Laws .............. 3.4.1 State Council Notice on Strengthening ‘Enforcement of Environmental Laws ......... ....................................................................... 0 3.4.2 Investigation on Enforcement of Environmental Laws ....................... 0 3.5 Education and Publicity for Environmental Protection .......................... 3.5.1 National Program for Environmental Education and 2 3.5.2 Multi-departmental Action for Publicity for Biodiversity.................... 5 3.5.3 Multi-departmental Action for Education for Biodiversity 3.6 Plan for Biodiversity Research and Implementation 3.6.1 National
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Flat a (Page 1)
    NEW ENGLAND WILD FLOWER SOCIETY PRSRT-STD gentians and on the kora circuit at Namco lots 180 Hemenway Road • Framingham, MA 01701-2699 U.S. Postage of saxifrage and others. www.newfs.org • [email protected] • 508-877-7630 P AID TheTIBETAN Plateau Although the Tibet Plateau is quite high, we have Ashland, MA arranged the itinerary so that we will spend Permit No. 7 most of our time at moderate elevations. We will Western Sichuan&Tibet sleep in towns where the elevation is 11,000 to TIME VALUE 12,000 feet above sea level. During the second June 14-30, 2009 part of the program, we will travel in the Tibet Autonomous Region, spending most of our time around Lhasa (11,700 feet elevation). We anticipate that group members will be well-acclimatized. Our highest elevation overall is the pass that Dear Members & Friends: leads to Namco at 16,900 feet. Since we will cross the pass briefly in the course of a day’s The Tibetan Plateau has for centuries travel, we do not anticipate that this will present been a place of fascination for Western any altitude problems, even if it will most likely naturalists and explorers. Nowhere else in set a few personal altitude records. the world even comes close to putting so much terrain so high into the sky. Tibet is We sincerely hope that you will be able to join also home to a free-spirited pastoralist us in Tibet in 2009! Space is limited, so please people with a distinctive Tantric Buddhist let us know right away.
    [Show full text]
  • Chen Xitong Report on Putting Down Anti
    Recent Publications The June Turbulence in Beijing How Chinese View the Riot in Beijing Fourth Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee Report on Down Anti-Government Riot Retrospective After the Storm VOA Disgraces Itself Report on Checking the Turmoil and Quelling the Counter-Revolutionary Rebellion June 30, 1989 Chen Xitong, State Councillor and Mayor of Beijing New Star Publishers Beijing 1989 Report on Checking the Turmoil and Quelling the Counter-Revolutionary Rebellion From June 29 to July 7 the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress - the standing organization of the highest organ of state power in the People's Republic of China - held the eighth meeting of the Seventh National People's Congress in Beijing. One of the topics for discussing at the meeting was a report on checking the turmoil and quelling the counter-revolutionary rebellion in Beijirig. The report by state councillor and mayor of Beijing Chen Xitong explained in detail the process by which a small group of people made use of the student unrest in Beijing and turned it into a counter-revolutionary rebellion by mid-June. It gave a detailed account of the nature of the riot, its severe conse- quence and the efforts made by troops enforcing _martial law, with the help of Beijing residents to quell the riot. The report exposed the behind-the-scene activities of people who stub- bornly persisted in opposing the Chinese Communist Party and socialism as well as the small handful of organizers and schemers of the riot; their collaboration with antagonistic forces at home and abroad; and the atrocities committed by former criminals in beating, looting, burning and First Edition 1989 killing in the riot.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuing Crackdown in Inner Mongolia
    CONTINUING CRACKDOWN IN INNER MONGOLIA Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) CONTINUING CRACKDOWN IN INNER MONGOLIA Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) Human Rights Watch New York $$$ Washington $$$ Los Angeles $$$ London Copyright 8 March 1992 by Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-56432-059-6 Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) Human Rights Watch/Asia was established in 1985 to monitor and promote the observance of internationally recognized human rights in Asia. Sidney Jones is the executive director; Mike Jendrzejczyk is the Washington director; Robin Munro is the Hong Kong director; Therese Caouette, Patricia Gossman and Jeannine Guthrie are research associates; Cathy Yai-Wen Lee and Grace Oboma-Layat are associates; Mickey Spiegel is a research consultant. Jack Greenberg is the chair of the advisory committee and Orville Schell is vice chair. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Human Rights Watch conducts regular, systematic investigations of human rights abuses in some seventy countries around the world. It addresses the human rights practices of governments of all political stripes, of all geopolitical alignments, and of all ethnic and religious persuasions. In internal wars it documents violations by both governments and rebel groups. Human Rights Watch defends freedom of thought and expression, due process and equal protection of the law; it documents and denounces murders, disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment, exile, censorship and other abuses of internationally recognized human rights. Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of its Helsinki division. Today, it includes five divisions covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East, as well as the signatories of the Helsinki accords.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Office and Policy-Making in China 1945-1950
    THE FOREIGN OFFICE AND POLICY-MAKING IN CHINA 1945-1950. ANGLO-AMERICAN RELATIONS AND THE RECOGNITION OF COMMUNIST CHINA. ROBERT EMMERSON WATSON ~- Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES MAY 1996 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. 11 ABSTRACT. The thesis contributes to the broad body of literature which examines the role of Great Britain in the origins of the Cold War. In particular it focuses on the Foreign Office attitude towards the course of the Chinese Civil War, and ultimately the establishment of a Communist government in China between 1945 and 1950. It is a revisionist interpretation of cold war history drawn from a study of Anglo-American relations with regard to Chinese politics during this period. Traditional interpretations have emphasised the unchallenged nature of American involvement in China after the war. The thesis argues that during this period Britain actively sought to compete for such a predominant position, and specifically that the Foreign Office sought to replace the United States with Britain as the pre­ eminent Western influence in post-war Chinese politics. To this end, Britain gradually moved its policy from one of co­ operation with the United States to one of competition. Whilst originally seeking collaboration with Washington, the Foreign Office became increasingly frustrated with the problems within the American policy­ making machinery, and ultimately pursued a unilateral position in China. This was most evident after 1948 when the rapid collapse of the Kuomintang position forced Western states to closely consider their relationship with the Chinese communists.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes of Water Clarity in Large Lakes and Reservoirs Across China
    Remote Sensing of Environment 247 (2020) 111949 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Remote Sensing of Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rse Changes of water clarity in large lakes and reservoirs across China observed T from long-term MODIS ⁎ Shenglei Wanga,b, Junsheng Lib,c, Bing Zhangb,c, , Zhongping Leed, Evangelos Spyrakose, Lian Fengf, Chong Liug, Hongli Zhaoh, Yanhong Wub, Liping Zhug, Liming Jiai, Wei Wana, Fangfang Zhangb, Qian Shenb, Andrew N. Tylere, Xianfeng Zhanga a School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China b Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China d School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA e Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK f State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China g Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China h China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China i Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Water clarity is a well-established first-order indicator of water quality and has been used globally bywater Secchi disk depth regulators in their monitoring and management programs. Assessments of water clarity in lakes over large Lakes and reservoirs temporal and spatial scales, however, are rare, limiting our understanding of its variability and the driven forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Testimony of Zhou Fengsuo, President Humanitarian China and Student Leader of the 1989 Tiananmen Square Demonstrations
    Testimony of Zhou Fengsuo, President Humanitarian China and student leader of the 1989 Tiananmen Square demonstrations Congressman McGovern, Senator Rubio, Members of Congress, thank you for inviting me to speak in this special moment on the 30th anniversary of Tiananmen Massacre. As a participant of the 1989 Democracy Movement and a survivor of the Massacre started in the evening of June 3rd, it is both my honor and duty to speak, for these who sacrificed their lives for the freedom and democracy of China, for the movement that ignited the hope of change that was so close, and for the last 30 years of indefatigable fight for truth and justice. I was a physics student at Tsinghua University in 1989. The previous summer of 1988, I organized the first and only free election of the student union of my department. I was amazed and encouraged by the enthusiasm of the students to participate in the process of self-governing. There was a palpable sense for change in the college campuses. When Hu Yaobang died on April 15, 1989. His death triggered immediately widespread protests in top universities of Beijing, because he was removed from the position of the General Secretary of CCP in 1987 for his sympathy towards the protesting students and for being too open minded. The next day I went to Tiananmen Square to offer a flower wreath with my roommates of Tsinghua University. To my pleasant surprise, my words on the wreath was published the next day by a national official newspaper. We were the first group to go to Tiananmen Square to mourn Hu Yaobang.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake-Level Oscillation Based on Sediment Strata and Geochemical Proxies Since 11,000 Year from Tengger Nuur, Inner Mongolia, China
    feart-08-00314 August 6, 2020 Time: 22:43 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 07 August 2020 doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00314 Lake-Level Oscillation Based on Sediment Strata and Geochemical Proxies Since 11,000 Year From Tengger Nuur, Inner Mongolia, China Zhang Chengjun*, Zhang Li, Zhang Wanyi, Tao Yunhan, Liu Yang, Wan Xiangling, Zhang Zhen and Safarov Khomid College of Earth Sciences & Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China A 794-cm section was collected from Tengger Nuur in the Inner Mongolian Plateau. Accelerator mass spectrometry 14C data were determined to set an age-depth model after removing about 1920 years of the carbon reservoir effect. Based on the multi- proxies grain size, carbonate-content, total organic carbon-content, ratio of C/N, ratios Edited by: Liangcheng Tan, of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca, and carbonate carbon and oxygen isotopes, paleoenvironmental Institute of Earth Environment, changes since the last deglaciation were reconstructed. Tengger Nuur was very shallow Chinese Academy of Sciences, China during the last deglaciation under a cool and wet climate, especially during the interval Reviewed by: of the cold Younger Dryas event. Although, temperature and humidity increased from Hao Long, Nanjing Institute of Geography the early Holocene (∼10,450–8750 cal a BP), low lake levels indicated that the summer and Limnology (CAS), China monsoon was not sufficiently strong to reach the modern monsoon boundary in Inner Qianli Sun, East China Normal University, China Mongolia. High monsoon precipitation caused lake expansion during 8750–5000 cal a *Correspondence: BP, but the lake level oscillated in a shallow state under high evaporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variations in Qinghai Lake in China
    water Article Analysis of Long-Term Water Level Variations in Qinghai Lake in China Jianmei Fang 1, Guijing Li 1 , Matteo Rubinato 2 , Guoqing Ma 3, Jinxing Zhou 1, Guodong Jia 1, Xinxiao Yu 1,* and Henian Wang 4 1 College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] (J.F.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (G.J.) 2 School of Energy, Construction and Environment & Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; [email protected] 3 World Bank Loan Project Management Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China; [email protected] 4 Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 September 2019; Accepted: 9 October 2019; Published: 14 October 2019 Abstract: Qinghai Lake is the largest inland saline lake on the Tibetan Plateau. Climate change and catchment modifications induced by human activities are the main drivers playing a significant role in the dramatic variation of water levels in the lake (Dh); hence, it is crucial to provide a better understanding of the impacts caused by these phenomena. However, their respective contribution to and influence on water level variations in Qinghai Lake are still unclear and without characterizing them, targeted measures for a more efficient conservation and management of the lake cannot be implemented. In this paper, data monitored during the period 1960–2016 (e.g., meteorological and land use data) have been analyzed by applying multiple techniques to fill this gap and estimate the contribution of each parameter recorded to water level variations (Dh).
    [Show full text]
  • China's Fear of Contagion
    China’s Fear of Contagion China’s Fear of M.E. Sarotte Contagion Tiananmen Square and the Power of the European Example For the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), erasing the memory of the June 4, 1989, Tiananmen Square massacre remains a full-time job. The party aggressively monitors and restricts media and internet commentary about the event. As Sinologist Jean-Philippe Béja has put it, during the last two decades it has not been possible “even so much as to mention the conjoined Chinese characters for 6 and 4” in web searches, so dissident postings refer instead to the imagi- nary date of May 35.1 Party censors make it “inconceivable for scholars to ac- cess Chinese archival sources” on Tiananmen, according to historian Chen Jian, and do not permit schoolchildren to study the topic; 1989 remains a “‘for- bidden zone’ in the press, scholarship, and classroom teaching.”2 The party still detains some of those who took part in the protest and does not allow oth- ers to leave the country.3 And every June 4, the CCP seeks to prevent any form of remembrance with detentions and a show of force by the pervasive Chinese security apparatus. The result, according to expert Perry Link, is that in to- M.E. Sarotte, the author of 1989: The Struggle to Create Post–Cold War Europe, is Professor of History and of International Relations at the University of Southern California. The author wishes to thank Harvard University’s Center for European Studies, the Humboldt Foundation, the Institute for Advanced Study, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the University of Southern California for ªnancial and institutional support; Joseph Torigian for invaluable criticism, research assistance, and Chinese translation; Qian Qichen for a conversation on PRC-U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Validation of Cryosat-2-Derived Water Levels Using in Situ Lake Data from China
    remote sensing Article Evaluation and Validation of CryoSat-2-Derived Water Levels Using In Situ Lake Data from China Zhaofei Liu * , Zhijun Yao and Rui Wang Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (Z.Y.); [email protected] (R.W.) * Correspondence: zfl[email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6488-9527 Received: 7 April 2019; Accepted: 11 April 2019; Published: 13 April 2019 Abstract: CryoSat-2 altimetry has become a valuable tool for monitoring the water level of lakes. In this study, a concentrated probability density function (PDF) method was proposed for preprocessing CryoSat-2 Geophysical Data Record (GDR) data. CryoSat-2 altimetry water levels were preprocessed and evaluated by in situ gauge data from 12 lakes in China. Results showed that the accuracy of the raw GDR data was limited due to outliers in most of the along-track segments. The outliers were generally significantly lower than the in situ values by several meters, and some by more than 30 m. Outlier detection, therefore, improves upon the accuracy of CryoSat-2 measurements. The concentrated PDF method was able to greatly improve the accuracy of CryoSat-2 measurements. The preprocessed CryoSat-2 measurements were able to observe lake levels with a high accuracy at nine of the twelve lakes, with an absolute mean difference of 0.09 m, an absolute standard deviation difference of 0.04 m, a mean root mean square error of 0.27 m, and a mean correlation coefficient of 0.84. Overall, the accuracy of CryoSat-2-derived lake levels was validated in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Sichuan/Gansu/Qinghai/Tibet (14 Days) We Love Road Journeys
    Tibetan Highlands: Sichuan/Gansu/Qinghai/Tibet (14 Days) We love road journeys. They are by far our favourite way of traveling. We think the world of western China and the countries that border on this region – think Vietnam, Lao, Thailand, Myanmar, for example. On the Road Experiences is all about sharing with like-minded travelers just how beautiful a road journey in these varied lands can be. Now turn the page to find out what we’ve come to love so much… p2 p3 Itinerary Map …where you will travel… p. 006 Yes, it is possible… p. 008 Journey of Discovery… p. 010 Day-by-day… p. 056 In closing... Any car you like, so long as it is an SUV… p. 077 Adventures and discoveries in local cuisines p. 078 What’s included/Best Months to Go... p. 080 Photo credits p. 083 p5 Itinerary Map Day1 Day8 Arrival in Chengdu – Dulan to Golmud – Apply for your temporary driving Across the Qaidam Basin to Golmud license and visit Chengdu’s beautiful Panda Reserve Day9 Golmud to Tuotuohe – Day2 Up, up, up - Onto the Plateau and Chengdu to Maerkang – into the highlands of Qinghai Through the valleys to the Gyarong Tibetan region Day10 Tuotuohe to Naqu – Day3 Cross the famous Tanggula Pass on Maerkang to Ruoergai – your way to Tibet itself Towards the very north of Sichuan on the way to Gansu Day11 Naqu to Damxung – Day4 Visit one of Tibet’s holiest lakes, Ruoergai to Xiahe – Lake Nam-tso Your first and only stop in Gansu province Day12 Damxung to Lhasa – Day5 Complete your journey with Xiahe to Qinghai’s capital, Xining – a beautiful drive to your final On your way to Qinghai destination Day6 Day13 Xining – In and around Lhasa – Spend a day in and around Xining for Visit Potala Palace and explore the a bit of rest and visit the spectacular old city of Lhasa Ta’er Monastery Day14 Day7 Depart from Lhasa – Xining to Dulan – Lift must go on...Farewell Lhasa On the way to Golmud..
    [Show full text]
  • Injurious Exploitation: the Effects of the Sino-Soviet Summit on the 1989
    INJURIOUS EXPLOITATION: THE EFFECTS OF THE SINO-SOVIET SUMMIT ON THE 1989 TIANANMEN SQUARE PROTESTS Andrew Lewis History 586 ProFessor Kristin Mulready-Stone December 13, 2011 © 2009, Andrew Lewis ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This essay contains material protected under International and Federal Copyright Laws and Treaties. Any unauthorized reprint or use oF this Material is prohibited. Abstract The disruption oF the Sino-Soviet SuMMit was a significant, contributing Factor in the violent crackdown in Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989. The suMMit was a landMark political event For the People’s Republic oF China (PRC), attracting worldwide media attention to Beijing. This presented a unique opportunity to show that China’s brand oF socialism was healthy and that the country was ready to solidiFy its iMproving relationship with the Soviet Union. Despite the advice oF Chinese intellectuals and governMental threats, the students Made a conscious decision to exploit, and thereby disrupt, the suMMit. The deMonstration coMpletely overshadowed the suMMit and created an international perception oF the Chinese governMent that called into doubt its very sovereignty. GovernMent leaders were huMiliated on the world stage. This huMiliation contributed to the decision to institute Martial law, which created an increasingly volatile atMosphere in Beijing. Paranoid oF potential protester violence created by Martial law, the governMent ordered troops to clear the Square. In doing so, thousands oF Chinese civilians were killed, Many oF theM students, resulting in one oF the greatest tragedies in the history oF Modern China. 2 INJURIOUS EXPLOITATION: THE EFFECTS OF THE SINO-SOVIET SUMMIT ON THE 1989 TIANANMEN SQUARE PROTESTS Beginning in 1960 and lasting nearly three decades, the relationship between the People’s Republic oF China (PRC) and the Soviet Union was Filled with tension.
    [Show full text]