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GRANT EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS Council on International And p DOCUMENT RESUME ED 248 150 SO 014 743 AUTHOR' Wiley, David S. TITLE 0.S. Media Coverage of Africa. A Media Source Guide, SP issues for the '80s. , INSTITUTION Council on International and Public Affairs, New York, N.Y. SPONS AGENCY Office of Internatio nal Education (ED), Washington, DC. PU, DATE 83 GRANT G0086t 55 NOTE 156p.; .#2,1is guide was' prepared under a grant from the, Language and Area Research Program. For other guides in the s&.ies, see ED 231 702-706. Directory of , lainbassiesichanceries is marginally legible, and some pages of listings of research centers are lived. P115TYPE Guides - mon-Classreom Use (055) , EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *African Culture; *Cultural Images; Ethnic Stereotypes; Folk Culture; information Sources; Journalism; *Mass Media; News Media IDENTIFIERS *Africa; Mated States ABSTRACT One of a series on topics of concern to the media, this guide is intended to provide journalists with a critical analysis of U:S. media coverage of Africa. Section 1 provides an overview of the folklore about Africa and the nature ana sources of stereotypes and misconceptions about Africa and the Western world. Findings and interpretations of data from s national sampling of images of Africa held by 7th and 162th graders are explained. Dimensions of power, control, compAsity, modernity, primitivism, religion. and_roce era identified Aid-discussed as components of the myth that African peoples are uncivilized. Finally, this section presents a discussion of social, psychological, and institutional sources of stereotyping-images. Section II offers an annotated listing of sources of information concerning Africa as a resource for the reporter or editor who wisties to achieve a high tivality.of analysis and accurate, balanced reporting of the continent. Organizations include university centers of African studies, news and information agencies specializing on Africa, organizations with specialized knowledge and expertise on Africa, U.S. government agencies, embassies/chanceries of African nations in the United States, .researc5centers and international organizations, and repositories and sources of maps. A 26-page bibliography of key works on Africa concludes the document.. (LH) * ****A1**0.0***0##*************f*******0*********,0*****01..*##********** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can'be-made from the original document. * ************100*****************$!***00.***********frmlititirem********* t kew A MEDIA SOURCE GUIDE it imam -11th**Willi"IL Issues for the '8os %Vitt IirTn. AsirvIR W1/4.4kVll Ili -...wiferr if 14 us bepArraitioi 011111PCATOCIft hiattiliwo. IIIINTITtif I' Or tow Arm* 1 avi A' l'''4;,,, r *K1`; tAK 4S .110-04vAlsiby reoI*Li ,e1,14- 40" fhes, r ....., n-, , IW. INT, ,,,root ,E Aotire . 7,.91$ ..,03 "-4,n "..." ,rT"' ...mower U.S. MEDIA COVERAGE OF AFRICA pavid S. Wiley PROOF COPY 777 COUNCIL ON INITRNAnova. ,\\D Af+AIRS 77 liffitt.ki NJtoons 114z Nc W yor 1.. NC %V iik I CIO I 198 3 INTRODUCTORY NOTE I. ,ct Thin guideis intended to provideAtt:rking Affeiirs has a. lonritankrog 4nterist an,,wcirkGir journalists with a critical analysis of U.S. media with the meths az one of the principal instrAr coverap of Africa, along withsome suggestions ments for enlarging American public wider~ of sources for additiOnal background. It was pee- standing of international affairs.Through ef- pared by Professor David S. Wiley,Director of the forts such as this series of source guides for the African Studies Center Michigan State Uni- media, it seeks to stcengthen contacts between versity. working journalists and academic and other This guide is one of the series on topics specialists on major world regions and likely to be of continuing concern to the IT.S. national problems.Concerned with pluralizing media. Additional titles and information on inrernatiOnal news fluws, especially from the their availability cro given on the inside back Third World to the U.S., it works in cooperation cover.Betause of their experimental mature, with media and other organizations In maKing comments and suggestions by users would be availableadditionalsources .ofinternational' very much appreciated. news to the U.S. media.Further information The Council on International and Public about the Council is given on the outside back cover. Ward Morehouse President I a d 3 Tablei of Contents Page Introduction I SectionI - The Nature and Sources ofStereotypes and Misconceptions about Africa in the MOstern World:A Sociology of the Folklore Data 441 fhe Findings and their Interpretation ) 6 Components of .04,Core Mythtof:AfricanUncivilization10 Social. Psychological andInstitutionalSources of the Stertyping Images 19 -Conclusion and Summary Footnotes .0 166 Section II -Sources of Informationoncernini Africa A., Organizations and Reference ices 114 1. University Centers of AfricanStudies 2. News and InformatIonAgencies Specializedon Africa 3. Organizations withSpecialized Africa Kncirrledge andExpertise 4. U.S. Government,Agencies 4 5. Embassies/Chanceries ofAfrican Nations in thOlUnitedStates 6. Research Centers and.International Organizationswith Information on Africa a. International Organizations b., Research Centers and InformationOffices 7. Maps of Africa: Sources and RepOsitories B. Bibliography of Key Works concerning Africa for Referenceby Journalists 1. Mini List of KeyResources and Directories a. Guides and Directories to IndividualAfrican Nations 'b.. Other Important ReferenceSources and Directories 2. Bibliography and Sources forAfrican Studies by J.E. M.Gosebrink 111100F This Media Source Guid;was prepared under .a grant from the Language and Area Research Program, Officeof International Educittion, U.S. Department of Edueltion.The content is the responsibility of the grantee institutionand does not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S.Department of, Education. r Introduction 1 A large number of analysts agree that the knowledge about global and international affairs is,woefully licking in most North American populations, . I?, even among the university educated elites. This was docuqted in the findings of the Educational tional survey "What College Students IL Know about their World," documentedn their report CollegeStudents' Knowledgft eitffs:AS21Eo_.....ilbal'ersttindandf, (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Change Nagaeine.Press, 1981). While ithe quality of. media reportage on foreign and globalaffailliis'not the sole source of.this.ignoranceg.the print and elec- . tronic media do determine the.pvailability of quality; balinced,unbiased, accurate and fhformathi knowledge and analysis. I e J. 0 This report seeks to provide6a conceptual survey of the problems in A the reportage concerning SubSaharan Africa, with an especial focus pn Southern Africa. This".dual focus results from the fact that the shape an4 form of the American consciousness about Africa results from a common folklore about Africa while the largest amount of reporting and.the point of North American interests, in Africa is the cauldron of Southern Africa, especially South Africa, Namibia, Angola, and Zimbabwe. Thus, the report consists of 0 + sections. Section 1 provides' an oierview of the the folklore about Africa with which the reader and viewer of the North American media begins the conceptualization of the continent, into which additional information, "imageso.symbols, and facts a..e integrated. Of course, this folklore also ''is the starting-point of many reporters, editors, producers, writers, and other mediaspecialists. Therefore, this folklore is a reality which the . reporter and editor remember is the beginning point for all shaping and forming of Africa news -the ideological and cultural ton xtfar theper- ception of another culture' 41limor. Section II offers in annotated lilting of important source, of information concerning Africa as a resource for the reporter oreditor who wishes to achieve a high quality of analysisand accurate, balanced reportingof the continent.No such listing can replace the 'Wifeof informed refereOce by experts, f fucntlon which,the_author as adirector of "one of the largest African studies centers inthe nation is willing to provide. Already, we have.assisted one major print mediaorganization to establish a new office in Africa and to orientits first cirrespondent. This service is offered to others who wish toavail themselves of the service. This report is highly critical of the quality ofNorth American coverage of Africa. Its criticarcharacter, however, is not meantin any way as an n unfriendly and damning analysis, but rather as a prologuefor new cooperation between academic specialists concerning Africa with theircollea§ues in the various branches of the media. 6 RIM e . Section I- The Nature and Sources'of Stereotypes and MisconceWtions about Africa in the Western World: A Sociology of the Folklore Social scifntists from Western nations returning from research in Africa usually are astonished at the common folklore concerning Africa which exists 'in their home nationsand which is at great deviance from the complex African realities they have studied; nevertheless, there are few actual studies 3f the content of this American folklore about Africa. In the questions asked about Africa by friends and relative's, even by. academic colleagues, and in the daily CJ ess and television,the'Africa of primitivis, savagery, hostility, violence, , A w,akness, simplicitypunglerand animals looms large. This core mythos about Africa as the Dark Continent, indeed the "heart of darkness," is Tirmly estab-
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