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Pilot Study on Migration and Respect for Human Rights Focus on the Responses Provided by Niger Itos Human Re Os Di

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Pilot Study on Migration and Respect for Human Rights Focus on the Responses Provided by Niger Itos Human Re Os Di ITOS HUMAN RE OS DI N A O V S I S T O C E R L E L S ACHPR CO PO E NSABILIDAD N RI MA GHT HU S O Y U T R I L C I O IB S LL ACHPR N EC PO TIVE RES PILOT STUDY ON MIGRATION AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS FOCUS ON THE RESPONSES PROVIDED BY NIGER ITOS HUMAN RE OS DI N A O V S I S T O C E R L E L S ACHPR CO PO E NSABILIDAD N RI MA GHT HU S O Y U T R I L C I O IB S LL ACHPR N EC PO TIVE RES PILOT STUDY ON MIGRATION AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS FOCUS ON THE RESPONSES PROVIDED BY NIGER ITOS HUMAN RE OS DI N A O V S I S T O C E R L E L S ACHPR CO PO E NSABILIDAD N RI MA GHT AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION HU S 31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District Western Region P.O. Box 673 Banjul The Gambia O Y U T R I Tel: (220) 441 05 05, 441 05 06 L C I O IB S Fax: (220) 441 05 04 LL ACHPR N EC PO TIVE RES E-mail: [email protected] © ACHPR 2019. All rights reserved. Credit Cover photo: Zohra Bensemra/Reuters/Ritzau Scanpix ITOS HUMAN RE OS DI N A O V S I S T O C E R L E L S ACHPR CO PO E NSABILIDAD N RI AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION MA GHT HU S 31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District Western Region P.O. Box 673 Banjul The Gambia O Y U T Tel: (220) 441 05 05, 441 05 06 R I L C I O IB Fax: (220) 441 05 04 S LL ACHPR N EC PO E-mail: [email protected] TIVE RES Warning: • This report was prepared in French and translated into English, Portuguese and Arabic. • Websites cited in the footnotes were consulted during the study period; certain websites may no longer be accessible with time. • Some information was obtained from documents written in English; should there be difficulties in understanding the translation, references have been provided in the footnotes and will enable the reader to find the original document. Table of Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................. 7 Acronyms and abbreviations .................................................................................................... 9 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 10 1.1 Background and Rationale ................................................................................................ 10 1.2 Objectives of the study ...................................................................................................... 13 1.3 Methodology and scope of the study ............................................................................... 14 1.4 Difficulties encountered in connection with the study ..................................................... 17 1.5 Study Plan .......................................................................................................................... 17 2. General context for the protection of the fundamentaL rights of migrants in Niger ........ 19 2.1 Overview of migration trends in Africa ............................................................................. 19 2.2 Context of migrations in the ECOWAS region ................................................................... 20 2.3 Context of migration in Niger ............................................................................................ 22 3. Violations of migrants’ fundamentaL rights ................................................................... 28 3.1 The Right to non-discrimination and equality (Articles 2 and 3 of the African Charter) .. 28 3.2 The Right to Life (Article 4 of the African Charter) ............................................................ 29 3.3 Right to respect for human dignity (Article 5 of the African Charter) .............................. 34 3.4 The right to liberty and the security of the person (Article 6 of the African Charter) ...... 37 3.5 Right to have his cause heard (Article 7 of the African Charter) ....................................... 39 3.6 Right of access to information and freedom of expression (Article 9 of the African Charter) ......................................................................................................................................... 40 3.7 Right to freedom of movement (Article 12 of the African Charter) .................................. 41 3.8 Right to property (Article 14 of the African Charter) ........................................................ 43 3.9 Right to work (Article 15 of the African Charter) .............................................................. 44 3.10 Right to health (Article 16 of the African Charter) ............................................................ 45 3.11 Right to education (Article 17 of the African Charter) ...................................................... 46 3.12 Protection of the family and vulnerable groups (Article 18 of the African Charter)......... 47 3.12.1 Protection of the family ............................................................................................ 47 3.12.2 Protection of the child ............................................................................................... 47 3.12.3 Protection of women and girls .................................................................................. 49 3.12.4 Protection of persons with disabilities ...................................................................... 51 3.12.5 Protection of the elderly ........................................................................................... 51 4 3.13 Right to freely dispose of natural resources, right to economic, social and cultural development, right to peace and security, right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development. (Articles 21, 22, 23, 24 of the African Charter) ......................................... 51 4. Role and ResponsIbilitIes of Public authoritIes in respecting and protecting Migrants’ rights .................................................................................................................................... 53 4.1 Overview of the profile of perpetrators of acts violating the fundamental rights of migrants......................................................................................................................................... 53 4.2 The specific role played by ISF and DSF in acts likely to violate the fundamental rights of migrants......................................................................................................................................... 54 4.2.1 Violations of the human rights of migrants due to the actions of ISF and DSF ........ 54 4.2.2 Violations of the human rights of migrants due to the inaction of ISF and DSF ....... 55 4.2.3 Causes of the implication of ISF and DSF in violations of migrants’ fundamental rights ................................................................................................................................... 56 5. Legal framework for the protection of the fundamental rights of migrants .................... 58 5.1 List of main instruments .................................................................................................... 58 5.2 Content of the key instruments ........................................................................................ 60 5.2.1 Content of the supranational instruments applicable in Niger ................................. 60 5.2.2 Content of the main national instruments ................................................................ 64 5.3 Analysing the content of the legal framework .................................................................. 67 6. Institutional framework for the protection of migrants’ rights in Niger .......................... 70 6.1 Overview of the institutional framework .......................................................................... 70 6.1.1 State structures specialized in migration .................................................................. 70 6.1.2 Key Ministries ............................................................................................................ 73 6.1.3 The National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) ..................................................... 73 6.1.4 The High Authority to Combat Corruption and Related Offences (HALCIA) ............. 74 6.1.5 The National Agency for Legal and Judicial Assistance (ANAJJ) ................................ 74 6.1.6 Services of the Internal Security Forces and the Defence and Security Forces ........ 74 6.1.7 The key supranational organisations ........................................................................ 76 6.1.8 The main sub-regional organisations and those resulting from bilateral or multilateral cooperation ........................................................................................................... 79 6.1.9 NGOs .......................................................................................................................... 80 6.2 Analysing the institutional framework .............................................................................. 80 7. Redress mechanisms in case of violation of migrants’ rights .......................................... 83 8. Strategic framework to fight against the violation of the fundamental rights of migrants .. .................................................................................................................................... 84 5 9. Avenues of reflection and recommendations ................................................................ 86 9.1 Avenues of reflection for the improved protection of migrants’
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