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Marbles, Quarries and Workshops on the Highlands of Northern Macedonia

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Marbles, Quarries and Workshops on the Highlands of Northern Macedonia https://publications.dainst.org iDAI.publications ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Dies ist ein digitaler Sonderdruck des Beitrags / This is a digital offprint of the article Philipp Niewöhner – Lucy Audley-Miller – Walter Prochaska Marbles, Quarries and Workshops on the Highlands of Northern Macedonia aus / from Archäologischer Anzeiger Ausgabe / Issue 1 • 2013 Seite / Page 95–145 https://publications.dainst.org/journals/aa/1825/4823 • urn:nbn:de:0048-journals.aa-2013-1-p95-145-v4823.1 Verantwortliche Redaktion / Publishing editor Redaktion der Zentrale | Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Weitere Informationen unter / For further information see https://publications.dainst.org/journals/aa ISSN der Online-Ausgabe / ISSN of the online edition 2510-4713 Verlag / Publisher Ernst Wasmuth Verlag GmbH & Co. Tübingen ©2017 Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Zentrale, Podbielskiallee 69–71, 14195 Berlin, Tel: +49 30 187711-0 Email: [email protected] / Web: dainst.org Nutzungsbedingungen: Mit dem Herunterladen erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen (https://publications.dainst.org/terms-of-use) von iDAI.publications an. Die Nutzung der Inhalte ist ausschließlich privaten Nutzerinnen / Nutzern für den eigenen wissenschaftlichen und sonstigen privaten Gebrauch gestattet. Sämtliche Texte, Bilder und sonstige Inhalte in diesem Dokument unterliegen dem Schutz des Urheberrechts gemäß dem Urheberrechtsgesetz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Die Inhalte können von Ihnen nur dann genutzt und vervielfältigt werden, wenn Ihnen dies im Einzelfall durch den Rechteinhaber oder die Schrankenregelungen des Urheberrechts gestattet ist. Jede Art der Nutzung zu gewerblichen Zwecken ist untersagt. Zu den Möglichkeiten einer Lizensierung von Nutzungsrechten wenden Sie sich bitte direkt an die verantwortlichen Herausgeberinnen/Herausgeber der entsprechenden Publikationsorgane oder an die Online-Redaktion des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts ([email protected]). Terms of use: By downloading you accept the terms of use (https://publications.dainst.org/terms-of-use) of iDAI.publications. All materials including texts, articles, images and other content contained in this document are subject to the German copyright. The contents are for personal use only and may only be reproduced or made accessible to third parties if you have gained permission from the copyright owner. Any form of commercial use is expressly prohibited. When seeking the granting of licenses of use or permission to reproduce any kind of material please contact the responsible editors of the publications or contact the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut ([email protected]). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) https://publications.dainst.org iDAI.publications ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Dies ist ein digitaler Sonderdruck des Beitrags / This is a digital offprint of the article Philipp Niewöhner – Lucy Audley-Miller – Walter Prochaska Marbles, Quarries and Workshops on the Highlands of Northern Macedonia aus / from Archäologischer Anzeiger Ausgabe / Issue 1 • 2013 Seite / Page 95–145 https://publications.dainst.org/journals/aa/1825/4393 • urn:nbn:de:0048-journals.aa-2013-1-p95-145-v4393.1 Verantwortliche Redaktion / Publishing editor Redaktion der Zentrale | Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Weitere Informationen unter / For further information see https://publications.dainst.org/journals/aa ISSN der gedruckten Ausgabe / ISSN of the printed edition 0003-8105 Verlag / Publisher Ernst Wasmuth Verlag GmbH & Co. Tübingen ©2017 Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Zentrale, Podbielskiallee 69–71, 14195 Berlin, Tel: +49 30 187711-0 Email: [email protected] / Web: dainst.org Nutzungsbedingungen: Mit dem Herunterladen erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen (https://publications.dainst.org/terms-of-use) von iDAI.publications an. Die Nutzung der Inhalte ist ausschließlich privaten Nutzerinnen / Nutzern für den eigenen wissenschaftlichen und sonstigen privaten Gebrauch gestattet. Sämtliche Texte, Bilder und sonstige Inhalte in diesem Dokument unterliegen dem Schutz des Urheberrechts gemäß dem Urheberrechtsgesetz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Die Inhalte können von Ihnen nur dann genutzt und vervielfältigt werden, wenn Ihnen dies im Einzelfall durch den Rechteinhaber oder die Schrankenregelungen des Urheberrechts gestattet ist. Jede Art der Nutzung zu gewerblichen Zwecken ist untersagt. Zu den Möglichkeiten einer Lizensierung von Nutzungsrechten wenden Sie sich bitte direkt an die verantwortlichen Herausgeberinnen/Herausgeber der entsprechenden Publikationsorgane oder an die Online-Redaktion des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts ([email protected]). Terms of use: By downloading you accept the terms of use (https://publications.dainst.org/terms-of-use) of iDAI.publications. All materials including texts, articles, images and other content contained in this document are subject to the German copyright. The contents are for personal use only and may only be reproduced or made accessible to third parties if you have gained permission from the copyright owner. Any form of commercial use is expressly prohibited. When seeking the granting of licenses of use or permission to reproduce any kind of material please contact the responsible editors of the publications or contact the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut ([email protected]). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Philipp Niewöhner – Lucy Audley-Miller – Walter Prochaska Marbles, Quarries and Workshops on the Highlands of Northern Macedonia Introduction The Roman province of Macedonia II or Salutaris, as it was also called, came about during the fourth century A.D. in the aftermath of Diocletian’s reform1. The capital city was Stobi2, and most of the Roman province is today contained within the Republic of Macedonia (fig. 1). Geographically, Macedonia II may be described as landlocked highlands in the centre of the Balkan Peninsula. Her ancient marbles, quarries and workshops have as yet received little atten- tion, but whilst Macedonia was part of Yugoslavia, some beautiful Late Antique carvings from the Episcopal Basilica at Stobi were brought to Belgrade, where they are now kept at the National Museum. The latter has been closed since 2003, but some capitals from Stobi were exhibited at Bonn in 2010, where they attracted our attention. We followed their trail, first to Serbia later in 2010 and then to Macedonia in 2011. Thanks to the kind support of various colleagues 1 Babamova 2005, 24–27; Popović 2010, 232–234 (bibliography). in both countries we were able to sample the carvings, identify a matching 2 Wiseman 1984a. quarry at Sivec in central Macedonia and add a major piece to the puzzle of 3 In Serbia Vujadin Ivanišević from the Late Antique stonemasonry3. Archaeological Institute at Belgrade was As a ›by-product‹ we also sampled a number of other artefacts from various our host and mentor and supplied the illustrations of cat. 41 and 44; we would locations in Macedonia, as well as one other quarry. This served two additional also like to thank the director Tatjana purposes: Firstly we were able to establish that the quarry at Sivec had already Cvjetićanin for the permission to work been exploited during the Roman Imperial period; the products attest to local at the National Museum in Belgrade and workmanship of some standing, but the tradition may have been discontinued the curator and sculptor Branislav Savić for pointing us to Sivec and supplying us on the eve of Late Antiquity during the ›crisis of the third century‹. Secondly with a first quarry sample. In Macedonia we investigated which other local and imported marbles were used in the Slavica Babamova from the National region. This allowed us to contextualize Sivec and to understand what part it Museeum at Skopje made her rich collec- played during the Roman Imperial period and how exploitation came to be tion available for our research, helped us to find the quarries at Sivec and Pletvar, revived in Late Antiquity. For these purposes we chose to sample artefacts that shared her insides into the historical are either of particular quality and art historical significance or representative topography of the region, and contrib- of a certain type of marble and its usage. uted her understanding of the inscriptions As a result we are now able to present a wide range of marbles, quarries and cat. 3, 6–8 and 23 to this article. Silvana Blaževska, the director of the excava- workshops in the region from the Classical period through to Late Antiquity. tions at Stobi, provided generous access This geographical and chronological breadth did not allow for more than a to the excavation site and to some most relatively small, ›informal sample‹4, and there were surely many more types of significant recent finds. We would also marble employed in the survey area than we happened to chance upon. Future like to thank our various employers, who supported us with research leave and research will undoubtedly refine and possibly correct the scenario that we travel grants. In addition, the German propose here for the exploitation and use of marble in the region. Archaeological Institute at Istanbul under The following discussion commences with the archaeometric evidence and the directorship of Felix Pirson also paid continues with a number of sections on when and where the various marbles for the archaeometrical analyses of the artefacts. in our sample were quarried and used. The order is
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