76 (3): 377 – 394 11.12.2018 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2018. A comparative analysis of the ventral nerve cord of Lithobius forficatus (Lithobiomorpha): morphology, neuroanatomy, and individually identifiable neurons Vanessa Schendel, Matthes Kenning & Andy Sombke* University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Soldmannstrasse 23, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Vanessa Schendel [
[email protected]]; Matthes Kenning [
[email protected]]; Andy Sombke * [andy.
[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted 19.iv.2018. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on 27.xi.2018. Editors in charge: Markus Koch & Klaus-Dieter Klass Abstract. In light of competing hypotheses on arthropod phylogeny, independent data are needed in addition to traditional morphology and modern molecular approaches. One promising approach involves comparisons of structure and development of the nervous system. In addition to arthropod brain and ventral nerve cord morphology and anatomy, individually identifiable neurons (IINs) provide new charac- ter sets for comparative neurophylogenetic analyses. However, very few species and transmitter systems have been investigated, and still fewer species of centipedes have been included in such analyses. In a multi-methodological approach, we analyze the ventral nerve cord of the centipede Lithobius forficatus using classical histology, X-ray micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemical experiments, combined with confocal laser-scanning microscopy to characterize walking leg ganglia and identify IINs using various neurotransmitters. In addition to the subesophageal ganglion, the ventral nerve cord of L. forficatus is composed of the forcipular ganglion, 15 well-separated walking leg ganglia, each associated with eight pairs of nerves, and the fused terminal ganglion. Within the medially fused hemiganglia, distinct neuropilar condensations are located in the ventral-most domain.