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Obesity and Workplace Injury in Hazardous Occupations Among the Hispanic/Latino Population Barbara Klyde Walden University

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Obesity and Workplace Injury in Hazardous Occupations Among the Hispanic/Latino Population Barbara Klyde Walden University Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2015 Obesity and Workplace Injury in Hazardous Occupations Among the Hispanic/Latino Population Barbara Klyde Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene Commons, Public Health Education and Promotion Commons, and the Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Health Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Barbara Klyde has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Chester Jones, Committee Chairperson, Public Health Faculty Dr. Michael Brunet, Committee Member, Public Health Faculty Dr. Michael Dunn, University Reviewer, Public Health Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2015 Abstract Obesity and Workplace Injury in Hazardous Occupations Among the Hispanic/Latino Population by Barbara Klyde PA-C, Wichita State University, 1977 BS, University of Buffalo, 1976 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University June 2015 Abstract Over the past 20 years, adult obesity has increased in the United States, especially among the Hispanic/Latino population. In 2010, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Environmental and Safety News, reported that younger workers, ages 18 to19 years of age, worked in the most high-risk occupations such as agriculture, construction, fishing, and manufacturing. The reported fatality rates for these occupations were 5.6 times greater for Hispanic workers compared to other race/ethnicity groups reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2013. This study determined whether obesity contributed to workplace injury or mortality in hazardous occupations, using federal, state, and independent national databases. The independent variable was obesity, the dependent variable was injury in hazardous occupations. In addition, age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic level, educational level, and cultural context were used as mediating variables. The target population included all workers ages 18 to 65 years of age in hazardous occupations. Analysis of databases from NHANES, BRFSS, NIOSH, OSHA, and the BLS was conducted using descriptive statistics for frequency of the mediating variables’ relationship to workplace injury. This study highlighted the prevalence of obesity in the Hispanic/Latino population and increased incidence of workplace injury in hazardous occupations, but found no significant relationship between the variables using the BFRSS Web Enabled Analysis Tool for linear regression and cross-tabulation. Establishing a relationship between obesity and increased injury for the Hispanic/Latino population in high-risk occupations for preventative measures will enhance positive social change within this underrepresented population in research. Obesity and Workplace Injury in Hazardous Occupations Among the Hispanic/Latino Population by Barbara Klyde PA-C, Wichita State University 1977 BS, University of Buffalo 1976 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University June 2015 Dedication This study is dedicated to all workers in hazardous occupations including the underrepresented Hispanic/Latino population with the hope that it may promote the changes necessary to ensure their health and safety through social awareness for social change. Acknowledgments First, I want to thank my family for supporting my pursuit of the goal of earning a PhD in my later years. I also want to acknowledge my chair, Dr. Chester Jones, and other members of my committee as well as Walden University for their roles in affording me this opportunity to fulfill a lifelong dream of further education. Thanks also goes out to the support I received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and from Dr. P. Schulte, Director of Education of NIOSH, for encouraging me to pursue this research. Table of Contents List of Tables .......................................................................................................................v Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................1 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................2 Nature of the Study ........................................................................................................3 Research Questions and Hypotheses .............................................................................5 Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................................5 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................…….. 6 Operational Definitions ..................................................................................................6 Assumptions ...................................................................................................................7 Limitations .....................................................................................................................7 Delimitations ..................................................................................................................8 Scope ..............................................................................................................................8 Significance of the Study ...............................................................................................9 Transition and Summary ..............................................................................................10 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................11 Literature Search Strategies .........................................................................................11 Background ..................................................................................................................12 Obesity .........................................................................................................................13 Injury ............................................................................................................................15 Descriptions of Types of Injury Related to Hazardous Occupations .....................17 i Workers’ Compensation based on Type of Injury .......................................................19 Theoretical Foundation and/or Conceptual Framework for Cultural Context and Obesity .........................................................................................................................21 Social Cognitive Theory Relating to Obesity ..............................................................26 Diffusion of Innovation Theory Relating to Obesity for Cultural Context .................30 Association of Injuries and Obesity .............................................................................31 Obesity and Workplace Injuries in Hazardous Occupations .......................................36 Literature Review Related to Key Variables, Relationships, and Contrasts................37 Summary of Most Recent Data of Obesity’s Relationship to Workplace Injuries ......46 Chapter 3: Research Method ..............................................................................................48 Introduction ..................................................................................................................48 Databases Explored ......................................................................................................48 Proposed Methodology ................................................................................................49 Research Questions and Hypotheses ...........................................................................50 Research Design...........................................................................................................50 Obesity Databases ..................................................................................................51 NIOSH Hazardous Workplaces Databases ............................................................53 Injury/Illness Databases .........................................................................................54 Other Injury, Illnesses, and Hazards Databases .....................................................55 Descriptions of Methods of Statistical Analysis ..........................................................56 Study Variables ............................................................................................................56 ii Statistical Analysis of Existing Databases
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