DOCSLIB.ORG

Love the Stranger for You Were Strangers: the Development of a Biblical Literary Theme and Motif Helga Kisler Marquette University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Love the Stranger for You Were Strangers: the Development of a Biblical Literary Theme and Motif Helga Kisler Marquette University Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Love the Stranger for You were Strangers: The Development of a Biblical Literary Theme and Motif Helga Kisler Marquette University Recommended Citation Kisler, Helga, "Love the Stranger for You were Strangers: The eD velopment of a Biblical Literary Theme and Motif" (2016). Dissertations (2009 -). 676. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/676 LOVE THE STRANGER FOR YOU WERE STRANGERS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BIBLICAL LITERARY THEME AND MOTIF by Helga Kisler, B.A., M.A. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin December 2016 ABSRACT LOVE THE STRANGER FOR YOU WERE STRANGERS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BIBLICAL LITERARY THEME AND MOTIF Helga Kisler, B.A., M.A. Marquette University, 2016 The Hebrew Bible recounts the development of Israel’s self-identity as “Strangers and Sojourners” and their relationship with God and other Strangers. A significant passage that connects these relationships says that God “loves the Strangers…You shall also love the Stranger, for you were Strangers in the land of Egypt” (Deut 10:17-19). In the same book that commands love for the Stranger, God tells Israel to separate themselves from foreign nations in the land that they will occupy. In order to investigate an evident disparity concerning the relationship with the Stranger, this dissertation examines the literary motif of the Stranger and the theme of God’s love for the Stranger in the Torah/Pentateuch, as well as the Book of Ruth, by looking at the different representations of the Stranger and how the motif developed with both positive (gēr) and negative implications (nēkār, and zār). The love command in Deuteronomy 10:17-19 specifically concerns the Stranger who is a sojourner (gēr), evoking Israel’s collective memory as sojourners in order to inspire their empathy and compassion. On the other hand, the Stranger who is foreign (nēkār) evokes fear and enmity. The Book of Ruth acts as a commentary on the negative perceptions of the foreigner in the Torah/Pentatuech by serving as an example of love from a Stranger. Ruth gives new meaning to the love command by broadening the sphere of compassion to include the Strangers who are traditionally viewed as foreign threats or enemies. While other research generally focuses on a particular form of the Stranger, this study expands on the research by examining the occurrences of all three forms (gēr, nēkār, and zār) in order to understand the different levels of meaning connected to the Stranger and how that meaning is dependent on the historical context of the literature, the rhetorical and theological interests of the final redactors, and the methods of interpretation by later readers. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Helga Kisler, B.A., M.A. I owe a depth of gratitude to all those who have supported me on the long journey that led to the completion of this dissertation. To begin with, I would like to thank my dissertation director, Dr. Deirdre Dempsey, for her scholarly guidance and support through these years of research and writing, and for her continued encouragement and optimism when there seemed to be no end in sight. I would also like to recognize and thank the readers on my board: Dr. Sharon Pace, whose Hebrew Bible class introduced me to the “Art of Biblical Narrative” and whose scholarship concerning women in the Bible has been most helpful in my research; Dr. Andre Orlov, whose insights concerning the mystical aspects of the biblical literature broadened my theological perspectives; and Dr. Michael Duffey, whose guidance on Catholic social teaching and migration when I was preparing for my doctoral exams inspired the final chapter. I would like to recognize the support of my colleagues in the Theology department at Mount Mary University, Dr. Donald Rappé and Dr. Shawnee Daniels- Sykes, and former colleague, Dr. Jennifer Laske. Every encouragement in word, gesture, and prayer was greatly appreciated. I would also like to recognize and thank Dr. Mary Beth Duffey for her support and friendship in the years that I have known her as teacher, colleague, and friend. Above all, I want thank my family for their love and support. My mother, Maria, and my daughter, Brigitte, have both been my greatest sources of strength and inspiration and their love has carried me when I felt that I could not go on. I would also like to thank my son-in-law, Eugene, for his encouragement and offering of help with tech support. Last, but certainly not least, I am thankful to my grandson, Misha, for the love and joy that he brings into my life, and for cheering me on and cheering me up on those days when I needed it most. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………. i CHAPTER 1. LOVE THE STRANGER FOR YOU WERE STRANGERS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BIBLICAL LITERARY THEME AND MOTIF 1.1. Introduction: The Stranger as Other......................................... 1 1.1.2. The Command to Love the Stranger…....................... 3 1.2. The Stranger in the Hebrew Bible…………………………….. 4 1.2.1. Gwr/Gēr…………………………………................... 6 1.2.2. Nēkār/Nokrî……..........................................................7 1.2.3. Zwr/Zār ……............................................................... 8 1.3. Survey of Scholarly Research 1.3.1. Ethnicity and Identity………………………………... 10 1.3.2. The Stranger as Sojourner, Alien, and Foreigner…... 12 1.3.3. The Stranger as Biblical Literary Device…………… 14 1.4. Methodology 1.4.1. Giving Attention to the Other………………………... 16 1.4.2. Literary Analysis…………………………………….. 19 1.5. Thesis and Overview of Chapters……………………………... 22 2. THE STRANGER IN THE ANCESTOR NARRATIVES 2.1. Introduction…………………………………………………….25 iii 2.2. In the Beginning………………………………………………. 25 2. 3. God and the Stranger in the Ancestor Narratives..................... 28 2. 4. Abraham the Sojourner.............................................................. 29 2. 4. 1. Wife/Sister Tales…………………………………… 30 2. 4. 2. God’s Special Concern…………………………….. 33 2. 5. Hagar the Egyptian.................................................................... 34 2. 6. A Stranger and an Alien………………………………………. 38 2. 6. 1. Conflict with the Four Eastern Kings……………… 39 2. 6. 2. Conflict over a Well………………………………... 40 2. 7. Hospitality for the Stranger....................................................... 40 2. 7. 1. Abraham “keeps the way of YHWH”...……………..41 2. 7. 2. The Visitors in Sodom…............................................ 42 2. 8. Abraham purchases a Burial Ground….................................... 44 2. 9. The Descendants of Abraham………………………………… 46 2. 9. 1. Isaac and Rebekah…………………………………. 47 2. 9. 2. Jacob and Esau.......................................................... 48 2. 9. 3. Jacob’s sojourns with Laban………………………. 50 2. 9. 4. Return and Reconciliation…..................................... 52 2. 9. 5. Jacob’s Offspring…................................................... 54 2. 10. Joseph and the Sojourn to Egypt…......................................... 57 2. 11. Conclusion…........................................................................... 60 iv 3. THE STRANGER IN EXODUS 3. 1. Introduction……........................................................................66 3. 2. The Oppression of Abraham’s Descendants….......................... 68 3. 3. Birth, Endangerment, and Rescue of the Hero……………….. 71 3. 3. 1. The Flight to Midian……………………………….. 73 3. 3. 2. Encounter at a Well………………………………... 74 3. 4. God “sees” and “hears”……………………………………... 76 3. 4. 1. God Responds to Israel’s Cries……………………. 77 3. 4. 2. God Commissions Moses…………………………... 79 3. 5. Moses Returns to Egypt………………………………………. 82 3. 5. 1. Peril on the Journey………………………………... 83 3. 5. 2. Moses and Aaron assemble the Elders of Israel…… 85 3. 5. 3. Who is YHWH?.......................................................... 86 3. 5. 4. YHWH brings Israel out of Egypt………………….. 88 3. 6. Into the Wilderness…………………………………………… 93 3. 6. 1. Crossing the Sea…………………………………… 94 3. 6. 2. The Song of the Sea: Who is YHWH?....................... 96 3. 6. 3. Israel Complains and YHWH Responds…………… 97 3. 6. 4. The Battle with Amelek and the Meeting with Jethro……………………………………. 99 3. 7. The Revelation at Sinai……………………………………….. 102 3. 7. 1. The Sinai Covenant………………………………… 104 3. 7. 2. The Book of the Covenant………………………….. 105 3. 7. 3. Rebellion and Punishment…………………………. 111 v 3. 8. Conclusion: Neither Here nor There………………………… 115 4. THE STRANGER IN ISRAELITE LAW: LEVITICUS, NUMBERS, AND DEUTERONOMY 4. 1. Introduction……………………………………………………117 4. 2. The Stranger in Leviticus: Israel is camped at Mount Sinai… 118 4. 2. 1. The gēr in Leviticus………………………………… 121 4. 2. 2. Laws concerning the gēr…………………………… 122 4. 2. 3. Punishment concerning the gēr……………………. 126 4. 2. 4. Provisions concerning the gēr……………………... 127 4. 2. 5. Love the gēr…………………………………………129 4. 2. 6. The tôšāb in Leviticus……………………………… 131 4. 2. 7. The nokrî in Leviticus……………………………….133 4. 2. 8. The zār in Leviticus………………………………… 134 4. 3. The Stranger in Numbers: Israel is in on the Move………….. 135 4. 3. 1. Insiders/Outsiders among Fellow Israelites……….. 136 4. 3. 2. The gēr in Numbers………………………………… 140 4. 3. 3. The zār in Numbers………………………………… 142 4. 3. 4. The Stranger as Foreign Nations…………………... 143 4. 4. The Stranger in Deuteronomy: Israel is on the edge of the Promised Land………………………………...146
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Baal Shem-Toy Ballads of Shimshon Meltzer
    THE BAAL SHEM-TOY BALLADS OF SHIMSHON MELTZER by SHLOMO YANIV The literary ballad, as a form of narrative metric composition in which lyric, epic, and dramatic elements are conjoined and whose dominant mood is one of mystery and dread, drew its inspiration from European popular ballads rooted in oral tradition. Most literary ballads are written in a concentrated and highly charged heroic and tragic vein. But there are also those which are patterned on the model of Eastern European popular ballads, and these poems have on the whole a lyrical epic character, in which the horrific motifs ordinarily associated with the genre are mitigated. The European literary ballad made its way into modern Hebrew poetry during its early phase of development, which took place on European soil; and the type of balladic poem most favored among Hebrew poets was the heroico-tragic ballad, whose form was most fully realized in Hebrew in the work of Shaul Tchernichowsky. With the appearance in 1885 of Abba Constantin Shapiro's David melek yifrii.:>e/ f:tay veqayyii.m ("David King of Israel Lives"), the literary ballad modeled on the style of popular ballads was introduced into Hebrew poetry. This type of poem was subsequently taken up by David Frischmann, Jacob Kahan, and David Shimoni, although the form had only marginal significance in the work of these poets (Yaniv, 1986). 1 Among modern Hebrew poets it is Shimshon Meltzer who stands out for having dedicated himself to composing poems in the style of popular balladic verse. These he devoted primarily to Hasidic themes in which the figure and personality of Israel Baal Shem-Tov, the founder of Hasidism, play a prominent part.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctor Strange Comics As Post-Fantasy
    Evolving a Genre: Doctor Strange Comics as Post-Fantasy Jessie L. Rogers Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English Karen Swenson, Chair Nancy A. Metz Katrina M. Powell April 15, 2019 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Fantasy, Comics Studies, Postmodernism, Post-Fantasy Copyright 2019, Jessie L. Rogers Evolving a Genre: Doctor Strange Comics as Post-Fantasy Jessie L. Rogers (ABSTRACT) This thesis demonstrates that Doctor Strange comics incorporate established tropes of the fantastic canon while also incorporating postmodern techniques that modernize the genre. Strange’s debut series, Strange Tales, begins this development of stylistic changes, but it still relies heavily on standard uses of the fantastic. The 2015 series, Doctor Strange, builds on the evolution of the fantastic apparent in its predecessor while evidencing an even stronger presence of the postmodern. Such use of postmodern strategies disrupts the suspension of disbelief on which popular fantasy often relies. To show this disruption and its effects, this thesis examines Strange Tales and Doctor Strange (2015) as they relate to the fantastic cornerstones of Tolkien’s The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings and Rowling’s Harry Potter series. It begins by defining the genre of fantasy and the tenets of postmodernism, then it combines these definitions to explain the new genre of postmodern fantasy, or post-fantasy, which Doctor Strange comics develop. To show how these comics evolve the fantasy genre through applications of postmodernism, this thesis examines their use of otherworldliness and supernaturalism, as well as their characterization and narrative strategies, examining how these facets subvert our expectations of fantasy texts.
    [Show full text]
  • Simonson's Thor Bronze Age Thor New Gods • Eternals
    201 1 December .53 No 5 SIMONSON’S THOR $ 8 . 9 BRONZE AGE THOR NEW GODS • ETERNALS “PRO2PRO” interview with DeFALCO & FRENZ HERCULES • MOONDRAGON exclusive MOORCOCK interview! 1 1 1 82658 27762 8 Volume 1, Number 53 December 2011 Celebrating The Retro Comics Experience! the Best Comics of the '70s, '80s, '90s, and Beyond! EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Michael Eury PUBLISHER John Morrow DESIGNER Rich J. Fowlks . COVER ARTIST c n I , s Walter Simonson r e t c a r a COVER COLORIST h C l Glenn Whitmore e v r a BACK SEAT DRIVER: Editorial by Michael Eury . .2 M COVER DESIGNERS 1 1 0 2 Michael Kronenberg and John Morrow FLASHBACK: The Old Order Changeth! Thor in the Early Bronze Age . .3 © . Stan Lee, Roy Thomas, and Gerry Conway remember their time in Asgard s n o i PROOFREADER t c u OFF MY CHEST: Three Ways to End the New Gods Saga . .11 A Rob Smentek s c The Eternals, Captain Victory, and Hunger Dogs—how Jack Kirby’s gods continued with i m SPECIAL THANKS o C and without the King e g Jack Abramowitz Brian K. Morris a t i r FLASHBACK: Moondragon: Goddess in Her Own Mind . .19 e Matt Adler Luigi Novi H f Getting inside the head of this Avenger/Defender o Roger Ash Alan J. Porter y s e t Bob Budiansky Jason Shayer r FLASHBACK: The Tapestry of Walter Simonson’s Thor . .25 u o C Sal Buscema Walter Simonson Nearly 30 years later, we’re still talking about Simonson’s Thor —and the visionary and .
    [Show full text]
  • A Hebrew Maiden, Yet Acting Alien
    Parush’s Reading Jewish Women page i Reading Jewish Women Parush’s Reading Jewish Women page ii blank Parush’s Reading Jewish Women page iii Marginality and Modernization in Nineteenth-Century Eastern European Reading Jewish Society Jewish Women IRIS PARUSH Translated by Saadya Sternberg Brandeis University Press Waltham, Massachusetts Published by University Press of New England Hanover and London Parush’s Reading Jewish Women page iv Brandeis University Press Published by University Press of New England, One Court Street, Lebanon, NH 03766 www.upne.com © 2004 by Brandeis University Press Printed in the United States of America 54321 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or me- chanical means, including storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Members of educational institutions and organizations wishing to photocopy any of the work for classroom use, or authors and publishers who would like to obtain permission for any of the material in the work, should contact Permissions, University Press of New England, One Court Street, Lebanon, NH 03766. Originally published in Hebrew as Nashim Korot: Yitronah Shel Shuliyut by Am Oved Publishers Ltd., Tel Aviv, 2001. This book was published with the generous support of the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, Inc., Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, the Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry through the support of the Valya and Robert Shapiro Endowment of Brandeis University, and the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute through the support of the Donna Sudarsky Memorial Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • Batman #87 Superman #19 Batman Curse of the Whit
    NEW THIS WEEK FROM DC... Wonder Woman #750 (with "Decades" Variants) Batman #87 Superman #19 Batman Curse of the White Knight #6 (of 6) Batman Superman #6 Year of the Villain Hell Arisen #2 (of 4) Detective Comics #1019 Basketful of Heads #4 (of 7) Far Sector #3 (of 12) Birds of Prey Giant #1 Batman Beyond #40 Batgirl #43 Metal Men #4 (of 12) John Constantine Hellblazer #3 Shazam #10 Red Hood Outlaw #42 Wonder Twins #11 (of 12) Books of Magic #16 Dollar Comics Batman Huntress Cry for Blood #1 Birds of Prey Harley Quinn GN NEW THIS WEEK FROM MARVEL... Amazing Spider-Man #38 Fantastic Four #18 Excalibur #6 Guardians of the Galaxy #1 Marauders #6 Atlantis Attacks #1 (of 5) Captain Marvel #14 Conan Serpent War #4 (of 4) Black Panther #20 Web of Venom Good Son #1 Ruins of Ravencroft Dracula #1 True Believers Criminally Insane Dracula True Believers Criminally Insane Purple Man Valkyrie Jane Foster Vol. 1 GN X-Statix Complete Collection Vol. 1 GN Fantastic Four Mystery Minis FF Mister Fantastic Funko Pop FF Human Torch Funko Pop FF Silver Surfer Funko Pop FF Super Skrull Funko Pop ALSO NEW THIS WEEK... Once & Future #6 (of 6) Folklords #3 (of 5) Kidz #1 Vampire State Building #4 Gung Ho #2 Visitor #2 (of 6) Kill Lock #2 (of 6) Wellington #2 (of 5) Heartbeat #3 (of 5) Red Sonja Age of Chaos #1 Edgar Allan Poe's Snifter of Terror 2 #4 Ether Disappearance of Violet Bell #5 (of 5) Mirka Andolfo's Unsacred #3 Roku #4 (of 4) Vampirella #7 Vampironica New Blood #2 Black Terror #4 Catalyst Prime Seven Days #4 (of 7) Count Crowley Reluctant Monster Hunter #4 (of 4) Heist How to Steal a Planet #3 I Can Sell You a Body #2 (of 4) Triage #5 (of 5) Wasted Space #13 Lumberjanes #70 Meeting Comics GN Gudetama Love for the Lazy HC NEW THIS WEEK FROM IMAGE..
    [Show full text]
  • A Theological Reading of the Gideon-Abimelech Narrative
    YAHWEH vERsus BAALISM A THEOLOGICAL READING OF THE GIDEON-ABIMELECH NARRATIVE WOLFGANG BLUEDORN A thesis submitted to Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher Education in accordance with the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts & Humanities April 1999 ABSTRACT This study attemptsto describethe contribution of the Abimelech narrative for the theologyof Judges.It is claimedthat the Gideonnarrative and the Abimelechnarrative need to be viewed as one narrative that focuseson the demonstrationof YHWH'S superiority over Baalism, and that the deliverance from the Midianites in the Gideon narrative, Abimelech's kingship, and the theme of retribution in the Abimelech narrative serve as the tangible matter by which the abstracttheological theme becomesnarratable. The introduction to the Gideon narrative, which focuses on Israel's idolatry in a previously unparalleled way in Judges,anticipates a theological narrative to demonstrate that YHWH is god. YHwH's prophet defines the general theological background and theme for the narrative by accusing Israel of having abandonedYHwH despite his deeds in their history and having worshipped foreign gods instead. YHWH calls Gideon to demolish the idolatrous objects of Baalism in response, so that Baalism becomes an example of any idolatrous cult. Joash as the representativeof Baalism specifies the defined theme by proposing that whichever god demonstrateshis divine power shall be recognised as god. The following episodesof the battle against the Midianites contrast Gideon's inadequateresources with his selfish attempt to be honoured for the victory, assignthe victory to YHWH,who remains in control and who thus demonstrateshis divine power, and show that Baal is not presentin the narrative.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Nehemiah - Thorough
    Book of Nehemiah - Thorough In the earliest form of the Hebrew canon known to us the books of Ezra and Nehemiah were united in one, under the name of "The Book of Ezra." After a while, a division was made, and the two books which we now recognize were distinguished as "the First Book of Ezra" and "the Second Book of Ezra" Later still - probably not until toward the close of the fourth century - the Second Book of Ezra came to be known as "the Book of Nehemiah." The Book of Nehemiah is composed of four quite distinct sections: (1) Neh. 1-7 containing the record of the 20th year of Artaxerxes (or 445-444 B.C.), but composed by Nehemiah at least twelve years later Neh 5:14. (2) the second section of the work consists of Neh. 8-10, and contains a narrative of some events belonging to the autumn of 444 B.C. In this portion Nehemiah is spoken of in the third person; פחה he is called the Tirshatha (Neh. 8:9)," whereas in the earlier chapters his title is always pechâh ("governor") (Neh. 5:14); and Ezra holds the first and most prominent position. The style of this portion of the book is markedly different from that of the earlier and later chapters; and critics are generally agreed that it is NOT from the hand of Nehemiah. Some assign it to Ezra; others conjecture Zadok (or Zidkijah), Nehemiah's scribe or secretary Neh 13:13, to have been the author. (3) Neh. 11-12:26, which consists of six important lists.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Judges Is the Seventh Book of the Bible and Takes Place Between the Late 14Th to the Week Twelve Reading Plan Early 11Th Century B.C.E
    Week 12: A FeW Good Men….and Women The Book of Judges is the seventh book of the Bible and takes place between the late 14th to the Week TWelve Reading Plan early 11th century B.C.E. Following the conquest of 2:6-3:31 Time of the Judges Begins Canaan by Joshua until the formation of the first 2:6-3:31 Kingdom of Israel (ca. 1150-1025 B.C.E.), the 4:1-244:1-24 Girl Power 6:1-7:256:1-7:25 How Can I be Sure? Israelite Tribes formed a loose confederation. No central government existed, “In those days there 11:2-12:711:2-12:7 Jephthah Victory & Sorrow was no king in Israel; everyone did what was Ruth 1-2Ruth 1-2 Loyalty of Two Women Ruth 3-4Ruth 3-4 Love Stories right in his own eyes” (17:6; 21:25). In this time of anarchy, God appointed a series of leaders – or 16:1-316:1-31 Ladies’ Man judges – to bring salvation to His disobedient children. In The Book of Judges we see Israel go through a repeated cycle: (1) SIN – the people sin against God; (2) SERVITUDE – God allows oppressors to overcome His people; (3) SORROW – the people repent of their rebellion; (4) SALVATION – God sends a judge to deliver them. The book of Judges records twelve (thirteen if Abimelech is counted) such judges. Eli and Samuel, recorded in 1 Samuel, complete the list of judges. Book of Judges Focus Deterioraon Deliverance Depravity Judges Abimelech of Naonal Samson the Gideon, the Degradaon The Example Gideon’s Son Hesitant Hero and Six Judges Cycle of Judges Introduc-on to First Five Judges 1 2 3 5 6 8 9 12 13 Carnal Champion 16 17 21 Topics Disobedience Sin, Servitude
    [Show full text]
  • The Stranger’ in International Relations
    Review of International Studies (2021), 47:1,19–38 doi:10.1017/S0260210520000376 RESEARCH ARTICLE . States of ambivalence: Recovering the concept of ‘the Stranger’ in International Relations Felix Berenskötter1 and Nicola Nymalm2* 1Department of Politics and International Studies, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom and 2Department of Military Studies, Swedish Defence University, Stockholm, Sweden *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (Received 23 July 2019; revised 20 August 2020; accepted 24 August 2020; first published online 6 November 2020) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Abstract This article revisits and revives the concept of ‘the Stranger’ in theorising international relations by dis- cussing how this figure appears and what role it plays in the politics of (collective) identity. It shows that this concept is central to poststructuralist logic discussing the political production of discourses of danger and to scholarship on ontological security but remains subdued in their analytical narratives. Making the concept of the Stranger explicit is important, we argue, because it directs attention to ambivalence as a source of anxiety and grasps the unsettling experiences that political strategies of conquest or conversion, including practices of securitisation, respond to. Against this backdrop, the article provides a nuanced reading of the Stanger as a form of otherness that captures ambiguity as a threat to modern conceptions of identity, and outlines three scenarios of how it may be encountered in interstate
    [Show full text]
  • Israel's Conquest of Canaan: Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting, Dec
    Israel's Conquest of Canaan: Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting, Dec. 27, 1912 Author(s): Lewis Bayles Paton Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Apr., 1913), pp. 1-53 Published by: The Society of Biblical Literature Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3259319 . Accessed: 09/04/2012 16:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society of Biblical Literature is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Biblical Literature. http://www.jstor.org JOURNAL OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE Volume XXXII Part I 1913 Israel's Conquest of Canaan Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting, Dec. 27, 1912 LEWIS BAYLES PATON HARTFORD THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY problem of Old Testament history is more fundamental NO than that of the manner in which the conquest of Canaan was effected by the Hebrew tribes. If they came unitedly, there is a possibility that they were united in the desert and in Egypt. If their invasions were separated by wide intervals of time, there is no probability that they were united in their earlier history. Our estimate of the Patriarchal and the Mosaic traditions is thus conditioned upon the answer that we give to this question.
    [Show full text]
  • Genesis 20-21 I. Abraham's Lapse of Faith A. His Half-Truth Concerning
    Genesis 20-21 I. Abraham’s lapse of faith A. His half-truth concerning Sarah 1. It had happened in Egypt, Gen 12. 2. In Gen 20 it happened to Abimelech, king of Gerar. a. Abraham likely wanted to get away from ruin of Sodom, esp. since he didn’t know Lot’s fate. b. He assumed that all men in the area were like those of Sodom. (1) Apparent in statement of 20:11. (2) Assumed knowledge is often incorrect. c. Gerar was Philistine area but relations with covenant people were peaceful at the time. 3. It reflected doubt on God’s ability to protect him. a. It showed a poor attitude toward Sarah. b. If God had promised an heir, could He not protect Abraham and Sarah until heir was born? c. Promise that God would be with His people was stated often in OT; repeated for us in Heb 13:5. 4. If intent is to deceive, even a half-truth is a lie. B. God’s kindness to Abimelech 1. The warning 2. God’s restraining hand a. God had kept Abimelech from touching Sarah. (1) Sarah was 90 and pregnant; probably not overly attractive. (2) Abimelech’s motive perhaps was to form an alliance (Adam Clarke). (3) Such alliances were common in Renaissance Europe. b. Mercy was extended outside of the covenant people. (1) Melchizedek was priest of God Most High although not of covenant line. (2) God recognized that Abimelech was honorable man. (3) Abimelech’s question mirrored Abraham’s question over slaying righteous with wicked in Sodom.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Humans Have Sex
    Arch Sex Behav (2007) 36:477–507 DOI 10.1007/s10508-007-9175-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Why Humans Have Sex Cindy M. Meston Æ David M. Buss Received: 20 December 2005 / Revised: 18 July 2006 / Accepted: 24 September 2006 / Published online: 3 July 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Historically, the reasons people have sex have Keywords Sexual motivation Á Sexual intercourse Á been assumed to be few in number and simple in nature–to Gender differences reproduce, to experience pleasure, or to relieve sexual tension. Several theoretical perspectives suggest that mo- tives for engaging in sexual intercourse may be larger in Introduction number and psychologically complex in nature. Study 1 used a nomination procedure that identified 237 expressed Why people have sex is an extremely important, but reasons for having sex, ranging from the mundane (e.g., ‘‘I surprisingly little studied topic. One reason for its relative wanted to experience physical pleasure’’) to the spiritual neglect is that scientists might simply assume that the (e.g., ‘‘I wanted to get closer to God’’), from altruistic (e.g., answers are obvious: to experience sexual pleasure, to ‘‘I wanted the person to feel good about himself/herself’’) relieve sexual tension, or to reproduce. Previous research to vengeful (e.g., ‘‘I wanted to get back at my partner for already tells us that the answers cannot be as few or having cheated on me’’). Study 2 asked participants psychologically simple. Leigh (1989), for example, docu- (N = 1,549) to evaluate the degree to which each of the 237 mented seven reasons for sex: pure pleasure, to express reasons had led them to have sexual intercourse.
    [Show full text]