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Book of Nehemiah - Thorough Book of Nehemiah - Thorough In the earliest form of the Hebrew canon known to us the books of Ezra and Nehemiah were united in one, under the name of "The Book of Ezra." After a while, a division was made, and the two books which we now recognize were distinguished as "the First Book of Ezra" and "the Second Book of Ezra" Later still - probably not until toward the close of the fourth century - the Second Book of Ezra came to be known as "the Book of Nehemiah." The Book of Nehemiah is composed of four quite distinct sections: (1) Neh. 1-7 containing the record of the 20th year of Artaxerxes (or 445-444 B.C.), but composed by Nehemiah at least twelve years later Neh 5:14. (2) the second section of the work consists of Neh. 8-10, and contains a narrative of some events belonging to the autumn of 444 B.C. In this portion Nehemiah is spoken of in the third person; פחה he is called the Tirshatha (Neh. 8:9)," whereas in the earlier chapters his title is always pechâh ("governor") (Neh. 5:14); and Ezra holds the first and most prominent position. The style of this portion of the book is markedly different from that of the earlier and later chapters; and critics are generally agreed that it is NOT from the hand of Nehemiah. Some assign it to Ezra; others conjecture Zadok (or Zidkijah), Nehemiah's scribe or secretary Neh 13:13, to have been the author. (3) Neh. 11-12:26, which consists of six important lists. List 1 Neh. 11:1-24 and List 2 Neh 11:25-36 are probably either the work of Nehemiah himself or documents drawn up by his orders. Of the other lists Neh. 12:1-26 some may have been drawn up in the time (or even by the hand) of Nehemiah, and incorporated by him into his work as documents having an intrinsic value, though not connected very closely with the subject matter of his history. But the list in Neh 12:10-11 cannot, in its present shape, have proceeded from his hand, or from that of a contemporary, since it mentions Jaddua, who lived about a century LATER THAN Nehemiah. Neither can Neh 12:22-23 intruded between the 5th and 6th lists - lists closely interconnected - belong to Nehemiah's time, since they contain a mention of both Jaddua and Darius Codomannus, his contemporary. Possibly, the list in question and the intruded verses may have proceeded from the same hand. The section may therefore be regarded as the compilation of Nehemiah himself, with the exception of Neh 12:11, Neh 12:22-23, which must have been added a century later. Or, it was first added at that period. In either case, the writer must be equally considered to have drawn the lists from contemporary state archives (see Neh 12:23). (4) Neh 12:27 to the end. This section contains an account of the dedication of the wall, and of certain reforms which Nehemiah effected after his return from Babylon in 432-431 B.C.. It is allowed on all hands to be, in the main, the work of Nehemiah, and written soon after the events - probably in 431 B.C. or 430 B.C. It is perhaps, on the whole, more probable that the various sections composing the "Book of Nehemiah" were collected by Nehemiah himself, who had written, at any rate, two of them Neh. 1-7:5; Neh 12:27; Neh 13:31. Having composed these two separate memoirs, and having perhaps drawn up also certain lists, he adopted from without an account of some religious transactions belonging to his first period, and, inserting this in its proper place, prefixed to the whole work the title, "The words of Nehemiah, the son of Hachaliah," as fitly designating its main contents. His work, thus formed, was subsequently added to by Jaddua, or a writer of that time, who inserted into it Neh 12:11, Neh 12:22-23. Or, possibly, this late writer may first have formed the book into a whole. The date of the compilation would, in the former case, be about 430 B.C.; in the latter, about one century later. Nehemiah: Theme Rebuilding the walls Nehemiah 1-7:3 Nehemiah and Rebuilding the Walls Nehemiah 7:4 - ch. 13 Revival of the People and Final Reforms Nehemiah 1-2 Nehemiah's return and accomplishments Nehemiah 3-7 Work on, and completion of, the walls Nehemiah 8:4-8 And they read from the book, from the Law of God, giving the sense so that they understood the reading Nehemiah Artaxerxes' cupbearer, governor of Judea, supervisor of construction Artaxerxes Persian king who was the son of Xerxes I and stepson of Esther. He allowed the Jews to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem under the leadership of Nehemiah. Sanballat Influential Samaritan who sought to end construction on the walls and plotted the assassination of Nehemiah 52 days Time it took Nehemiah to rebuild the walls Two non prescribed feasts Purim and Hanukkah Three main Hebrew festivals during the year Passover, Firstfruits, Booths Reconstruction of Wall Preparation (1,2) - initial preparation in Susa, Jerusalem: preparing to get people ready Reconstruction (3) Restoration 1) Renewal of covenant 2) Obedience to covenant Time: 19 years (only took 52 days to rebuild wall) Malachai: last prophet of Israel is prophesying Chapter summaries Chapter 1 - N asks how Jerusalem is: gets bad news back (distresses over Jerusalem) • Expresses compassionate emotions • Compassionate readiness to do what God says Chapter 2 - Nehemiah's request to the king, comes to Jerusalem, opposition of adversaries Chapter 3 - Rebuilding of the walls Chapter 4 - People get very angry and mock the Jews for rebuilding. Decide to attack people, but the Jews set up a guard against them. 10 times they tried to surprise attack, but every time God warned them. Nehemiah has to remind them of the history of God "do not be afraid, God will fight for us." Chapter 6 - trying to negotiate to not build the wall. False prophecy, threats. Walls were completed in 52 days, when enemies heard of it they lost confidence Chapter 7 - Set up people to guard the gates of the city. List of people/families Chapter 8 - Ezra & Nehemiah are together. People gathered at city ask Ezra to bring out book of the law (read & teach). Stood up when he read. Feast of Tabernacles Chapter 9 - Confession & covenant renewal (recount history of God's faithfulness) Chapter 10 - List of names of people who signed the covenant Chapter 11 - List of those who agreed to live in Jerusalem to protect it Chapter 12 - Dedicate the walls Chapter 13 - Nehemiah had told king & queen that he would come back to Susa. While gone: • Tobiah (man who tried to oppose the walls) has been given place in temple where they stored things. Nehemiah threw him out when he came back. • Found out that the people had not been bringing offerings to the priests • People are not keeping the Sabbath. Tells them to close gates start of Sabbath (no trading) • People intermarrying 1. In what city was Nehemiah located as the book of Nehemiah opens? Susa 2. What word is used to designate the Jewish people that survived the exile and were back in Judah? Remnant 3. What did Hanai report to Nehemiah about the wall of Jerusalem? It was broken down 4. Grammatically speaking, in what person is history related in the early part of book of Nehemiah? First person 5. How did Nehemiah describe the covenant of God? As a covenant of love 6. What was the office of Nehemiah in Susa? Cupbearer to the king 7. In what year did Nehemiah appear before Artaxerxes with great sadness? in the twentieth year of our Lord 8. Who asked the King if he could rebuild the city of Judah where his fathers were buried? Nehemiah 9. What did Nehemiah ask of the king after the king asked him concerning his sadness? He asked the king to send him to Jerusalem so he could rebuild the city 10. Why did Nehemiah ask the king for letters to the governors of Trans-Euphrates? So they would provide him safe conduct when he arrived 11. Where did Nehemiah plan to use the beams made from the timber to be obtained from Asaph? The gates of the citadel by the temple 12. How were the king's letters delivered to the governors of Trans-Euphrates? Nehemiah delivered the letters to the governors 13. What two men were upset that someone had come to promote the welfare of the Israelites? Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite official 14. On how many mounts did Nehemiah have when he first went to inspect the city of Jerusalem? Only the one he was riding 15. What did Nehemiah tell the people would result from their rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem? Only the one he was riding 16. What three men mocked and ridiculed the workers as they began to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem? Sanballat, Tobiah, Greshem 17. What was the nationality of Gresham? Arab 18. Of what does the third chapter of Nehemiah consist? Naming the various sections of the wall and the names of those who repaired them 19. What occupations are mentioned among those who worked on the rebuilding of the wall? goldsmiths, perfume maker, merchants 20. How does Nehemiah describe the dedication of the workers as they build the wall? the people worked with all their heart 21.
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