The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy Handbooks of Global Policy Series

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy Handbooks of Global Policy Series The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy Handbooks of Global Policy Series Series Editor David Held Master of University College and Professor of Politics and International Relations at Durham University The Handbooks of Global Policy series presents a comprehensive collection of the most recent scholarship and knowledge about global policy and governance. Each handbook draws together newly commissioned essays by leading scholars and is presented in a style which is sophisticated but accessible to undergraduate and advanced students, as well as to scholars, practitioners, and others interested in global policy. Available in print and online, these volumes expertly assess the issues, concepts, theories, methodologies, and emerging policy proposals in the field. Published The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy Robert Falkner The Handbook of Global Energy Policy Andreas Goldthau The Handbook of Global Companies John Mikler The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy Edited by Robert Falkner A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2013 C 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our web site at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Robert Falkner to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The handbook of global climate and environment policy / edited by Robert Falkner. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-67324-9 (cloth) 1. Climatic changes–Government policy. 2. Global warming–Government policy. 3. Environmental policy. I. Falkner, Robert, 1967- QC902.9.H36 2013 363.70561–dc23 2012045304 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Oil rig in Beaufort Sea C Ocean/Corbis Cover design by Design Deluxe Set in 10/12.5pt Sabon by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India 1 2013 Contents Notes on Contributors viii Preface xiii Part I Global Policy Challenges 1 1 Global Climate Change 3 Matthew J. Hoffmann 2 Global Water Governance 19 Joyeeta Gupta 3 Biodiversity and Conservation 37 Stuart Harrop 4 Marine Environment Protection 53 Markus Salomon 5 Deforestation 72 David Humphreys 6 Biotechnology and Biosafety 89 Aarti Gupta 7 Global Chemicals Politics and Policy 107 Henrik Selin Part II Concepts and Approaches 125 8 Global Environmental Norms 127 Steven Bernstein vi CONTENTS 9 Global Governance 146 Johannes Stripple and Hannes Stephan 10 Global Environmental Security 163 Simon Dalby 11 International Environmental Law 179 Daniel Bodansky 12 Green Growth 197 Michael Jacobs 13 Sustainable Consumption 215 Doris Fuchs 14 Climate Change Justice 231 Edward Page Part III Global Actors, Institutions, and Processes 249 15 The Nation-State, International Society, and the Global Environment 251 Robert Falkner 16 Transnational Environmental Activism 268 Susan Park 17 Business as a Global Actor 286 Jennifer Clapp and Jonas Meckling 18 International Regime Effectiveness 304 Steinar Andresen 19 Strengthening the United Nations 320 Steffen Bauer 20 International Negotiations 339 Radoslav S. Dimitrov 21 Regionalism and Environmental Governance 358 Miranda Schreurs Part IV Global Economy and Policy 375 22 Globalization 377 Peter Newell 23 Private Regulation in Global Environmental Governance 394 Graeme Auld and Lars H. Gulbrandsen 24 International Trade, the Environment, and Climate Change 412 Nico Jaspers and Robert Falkner CONTENTS vii 25 Global Finance and the Environment 428 Christopher Wright 26 Energy Policy and Climate Change 446 Benjamin K. Sovacool 27 Economic Instruments for Climate Change 468 Jonas Meckling and Cameron Hepburn 28 International Aid and Adaptation to Climate Change 486 Jessica M. Ayers and Achala Chandani Abeysinghe Index 507 Notes on Contributors Steinar Andresen is Research Professor at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute in Norway. He has also been Professor of Political Science at the University of Oslo, Norway, and a visiting scholar at Princeton University, University of Washington Seattle, and IISA. He has published extensively on various topics, mostly related to global environmental governance. Graeme Auld is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University, Ontario, Canada, in the School of Public Policy and Administration. His research examines the emergence, evolution, and impacts of non-state and hybrid forms of global governance. He is co-author (with Ben Cashore and Deanna Newsom) of Governing through Markets: Forest Certification and the Emergence of Nonstate Authority (Yale University Press, 2004). Jessica M. Ayers holds a PhD in climate governance from the London School of Economics and Political Science. At the time of writing, she was a researcher for the Climate Change Group at the International Institute for Environment and Develop- ment (IIED), London, UK. She is now a Senior Policy Advisor to the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC). Steffen Bauer is a Senior Researcher in the Department for Environmental Policy and Management of Natural Resources at the German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut fur¨ Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) in Bonn, Germany. He also serves as Ger- many’s Science and Technology Correspondent to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Steven Bernstein is Associate Chair and Graduate Director of the Department of Political Science and Co-Director of the Environmental Governance Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto, Canada. Daniel Bodansky is Lincoln Professor of Law, Ethics, and Sustainability at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, Arizona State University. He is the author of the Art NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ix and Craft of International Environmental Law (Harvard University Press, 2009) and co-editor of The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law (Oxford University Press, 2007). Achala Chandani Abeysinghe is a senior researcher and environmental lawyer at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London. She is the legal advisor to the current Chair of the Least Developed Countries (LDC) group in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) nego- tiations, team leader of the global climate governance program, and head of the European Capacity Building Initiative (ECBI) workshops program at IIED. She is a lead author of the chapter on “Climate Resilient Pathways: Adaptation, Mitigation and Sustainable Development” in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovern- mental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Jennifer Clapp is a Professor in the Environment and Resource Studies Department and Associate Dean of Research in the Faculty of Environment at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Her recent books include: Hunger in the Balance: The New Politics of International Food Aid (Cornell University Press, 2012), Food (Polity, 2012), Paths to a Green World: The Political Economy of the Global Environment, 2nd edn (with Peter Dauvergne, MIT Press, 2011), and Corporate Power in Global Agrifood Governance (co-edited with Doris Fuchs, MIT Press, 2009). Simon Dalby, formerly at Carleton University, Ontario, Canada, is now CIGI Chair in the Political Economy of Climate Change at the Balsillie School of International Affairs in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, and is author of Environmental Security (University of Minnesota Press, 2002), Security and Environmental Change (Polity, 2009) and co-editor of the journal Geopolitics. Radoslav S. Dimitrov is an Associate Professor at Western University in Canada. He is consultant to the World Business Council on Sustainable Development and has served on the European Union delegation at UN climate negotiations. He is the author of Science and International
Recommended publications
  • Biodiversity Plan
    Biodiversity plan December 2019 Introduction Biodiversity Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth, encompassing vast varieties of plants and animals. We are an essential part of the biodiversity of our planet and play a key role in enhancing the prosperity of its species and habitats. Conversely, our environment has an important influence on us, and is critical for our survival. Biodiversity provides us with food, fuel, fibres, medicines, whilst also helping to improve the quality of our water, the air we breathe and the land we live on. Biodiversity helps to regulate air quality, climate, flooding, erosion and pollination. Biodiversity is also a key element of our culture, providing a better living environment with benefits to health and wellbeing, and for many people it is simply something to enjoy. Companies House understands that whatever the size of your site, and wherever the site is located, there are always opportunities to enhance biodiversity in keeping with surroundings. Section 6 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Resilience duty to the Environment (Wales) Act 2016 The Environment (Wales) Act was introduced in March 2016, which is a statutory duty that Companies House must comply with. Part 1 of the Act sets out Wales’ approach to planning and managing natural resources at a national, regional and local level. Section 6 of Part 1 places a duty on Companies House to: • Maintain and enhance biodiversity so far as it is consistent with the proper exercise of those functions; and • Promote the resilience of ecosystems. To assist in implementing the duty, Companies House is required to publish a plan on how it intends to comply with the above and to report on progress.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Under NEPA: Avoiding Cursory Consideration of Greenhouse Gases
    University of Florida Levin College of Law UF Law Scholarship Repository UF Law Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2010 Climate Change Under NEPA: Avoiding Cursory Consideration of Greenhouse Gases Amy L. Stein University of Florida Levin College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub Part of the Environmental Law Commons Recommended Citation Amy L. Stein, Climate Change Under NEPA: Avoiding Cursory Consideration of Greenhouse Gases, 81 U. Colo. L. Rev. 473 (2010), available at http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub/503 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at UF Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in UF Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UF Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATE CHANGE UNDER NEPA: AVOIDING CURSORY CONSIDERATION OF GREENHOUSE GASES AMY L. STEIN* Neither the National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA') nor its implementing regulations require consideration of climate change in NEPA documentation. Yet an ever- growing body of NEPA case law related to climate change is making it increasingly difficult for a federal agency to avoid discussing the impacts of those emissions under NEPA in its Environmental Impact Statements ("EISs'). Although consideration of climate change in NEPA docu- ments sounds right in theory, within the current legal framework, the NEPA documents provide only lip service to the goals of NEPA without any meaningful consideration of climate change. An empirical evaluation of two years of se- lected EISs demonstrates that the degree of "consideration" is far from meaningful, an outcome that fails to reflect the purposes behind NEPA.
    [Show full text]
  • Commitment to Sustainability Management
    Appendix Commitment to Sustainability Management Commitment to Sustainability Management The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact In 2007, SK innovation joined the UNGC, the global sustainability management initiative. Since then, the company has supported the ten principles in four major sectors, including human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption, and strictly complied with these principles by preparing a relevant system such as the policy on safety, health and environment(SHE) and es- tablishing a code of ethics. Classification Policies and activities by SK innovation Businesses should support and respect the protection of Principle 1 internationally proclaimed human rights. Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights Human Principle 2 Based on the philosophy of “human-centered management,” SK innovation strives abuses. Rights to commit no violation of human rights in business activities. We also recruit Businesses should uphold the freedom of association employees in a fair and reasonable manner and guarantee equal opportunities Principle 3 and the effective recognition of the right to collective by considering employees’ qualifications and person-job fit. Furthermore, the bargaining. company acknowledges the freedom of association and collective bargaining rights Principle 4 The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor. and has regular communications to proactively collect and improve any grievance from employees. Principle 5 The effective abolition of child labour. Labour The elimination of discrimination in respect of Principle 6 employment and occupation. Businesses should support a precautionary approach to Principle 7 SK innovation selects environmental management as its core task and establishes environmental challenges. and complies with its independent environmental standard, which has higher Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental standards than government requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • BACKGROUND STUDY TOWARDS BIODIVERSITY PROOFING of the EU BUDGET Final Report 07.0307/2011/605689/ETU/B2 21St December 2012
    BACKGROUND STUDY TOWARDS BIODIVERSITY PROOFING OF THE EU BUDGET Final Report 07.0307/2011/605689/ETU/B2 21st December 2012 by The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) In collaboration with Transport and Environmental Policy Research Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) London office: 15 Queen Anne’s Gate London SW1H 9BU, UK United Kingdom Brussels Office: Quai au Foin, 55 Hooikaai 55 1000 Brussels Belgium Contact person: Graham Tucker 15 Queen Anne’s Gate London SW1H 9BU, UK United Kingdom Email: [email protected] The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) is an independent, not for profit institute dedicated to advancing an environmentally sustainable Europe through policy analysis, development and dissemination. Based in London and Brussels, the Institute’s main focus of research is on the development, implementation and evaluation of EU policies of environmental significance, including agriculture, biodiversity, climate and energy, fisheries, industrial policy, regional development, transport, waste and water. See www.ieep.e for further details Authorship The recommended citation for this report is: IEEP, GHK and TEPR (2012) Background Study Towards Biodiversity Proofing of the EU Budget. Report to the European Commission. Institute for European Environmental Policy, London. Authors in alphabetical order: IEEP: Catherine Bowyer, Jane Desbarats, Sonja Gantioler, Peter Herp, Marianne Kettunen, Keti Medarova-Bergstrom, Stephanie Newman, Jana Poláková, Graham Tucker and Axel Volkery. Transport and Environmental Policy Research: Ian Skinner GHK: Matt Rayment Disclaimer The authors have full responsibility for the content of this report, and the conclusions, recommendations and opinions presented in this report reflect those of the consultants, and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020 Amory Gethin, Clara Martínez-Toledano, Thomas Piketty
    Brahmin Left versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020 Amory Gethin, Clara Martínez-Toledano, Thomas Piketty To cite this version: Amory Gethin, Clara Martínez-Toledano, Thomas Piketty. Brahmin Left versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020. 2021. halshs-03226118 HAL Id: halshs-03226118 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03226118 Preprint submitted on 14 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. World Inequality Lab – Working Paper N° 2021/15 Brahmin Left versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020 Amory Gethin Clara Martínez-Toledano Thomas Piketty May 2021 Brahmin Left versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020 Amory Gethin Clara Martínez-Toledano Thomas Piketty May 5, 2021 Abstract This paper provides new evidence on the long-run evolution of political cleavages in 21 Western democracies by exploiting a new database on the vote by socioeconomic characteristic covering over 300 elections held between 1948 and 2020. In the 1950s-1960s, the vote for democratic, labor, social democratic, socialist, and affiliated parties was associated with lower-educated and low-income voters.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: the Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty
    Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: The Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty To cite this version: Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty. Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: The Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality. 2021. halshs-03321887 HAL Id: halshs-03321887 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03321887 Preprint submitted on 18 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. World Inequality Lab – Working Paper N° 2021/19 Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: The Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality Lucas Chancel Thomas Piketty This version: July 2021 World Inequality Lab 1 Global Income Inequality, 1820-2020: The Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality Lucas Chancel1,2, Thomas Piketty1,3 This version: July 2021 Abstract. In this paper, we mobilize newly available historical series from the World Inequality Database to construct world income distribution estimates from 1820 to 2020. We find that the level of global income inequality has always been very large, reflecting the persistence of a highly hierarchical world economic system. Global inequality increased between 1820 and 1910, in the context of the rise of Western dominance and colonial empires, and then stabilized at a very high level between 1910 and 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Opportunities for Promoting Synergies Between Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Forest Carbon Initiatives
    Article Exploring Opportunities for Promoting Synergies between Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Forest Carbon Initiatives Eugene L. Chia 1,*,†, Kalame Fobissie 2 and Markku Kanninen 2 Received: 25 August 2015; Accepted: 1 December 2015; Published: 15 January 2016 Academic Editor: Mark E. Harmon 1 C/o CIFOR P.O. Box 2008, Messa, Yaoundé 237, Cameroon 2 Viikki Tropical Resources Institute, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland; fobissie.kalame@helsinki.fi (K.F.); markku.kanninen@helsinki.fi (M.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +237-678-057-925; Fax: +237-222-227-450 † Independent Consultant. Abstract: There is growing interest in designing and implementing climate change mitigation and adaptation (M + A) in synergy in the forest and land use sectors. However, there is limited knowledge on how the planning and promotion of synergies between M + A can be operationalized in the current efforts to mitigate climate change through forest carbon. This paper contributes to fill this knowledge gap by exploring ways of planning and promoting M + A synergy outcomes in forest carbon initiatives. It examines eight guidelines that are widely used in designing and implementing forest carbon initiatives. Four guiding principles with a number of criteria that are relevant for planning synergy outcomes in forest carbon activities are proposed. The guidelines for developing forest carbon initiatives need to demonstrate that (1) the health of forest ecosystems is maintained or enhanced; (2) the adaptive capacity of forest-dependent communities is ensured; (3) carbon and adaptation benefits are monitored and verified; and (4) adaptation outcomes are anticipated and planned in forest carbon initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bottom-Up Alternative: the Mitigation Potential of Private Climate Governance After the Paris Agreement
    \\jciprod01\productn\H\HLE\42-2\HLE205.txt unknown Seq: 1 30-JUL-18 10:11 THE BOTTOM-UP ALTERNATIVE: THE MITIGATION POTENTIAL OF PRIVATE CLIMATE GOVERNANCE AFTER THE PARIS AGREEMENT Maria L. Banda* ABSTRACT The 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change has sought to inject renewed energy into the international climate regime. As a “bottom-up” treaty, however, it allows States to set their own emissions targets. Even before the U.S. withdrawal, States Parties’ commitments fell far short of what is required to achieve the treaty’s objectives. The low level of State ambition, coupled with the lack of an international enforcement mechanism, means that pri- vate initiatives—including through courts, investor actions, and voluntary business commit- ments—will be critical, especially in the U.S., if the climate regime is to deliver on its goals. This Article seeks to contribute to both the theoretical and empirical literature on private climate governance and develop a richer understanding of bottom-up options for the imple- mentation of the Paris Agreement where State leadership is weak or lacking. First, it develops an analytical framework to evaluate the effectiveness, or the mitigation potential, of private climate governance. Second, it provides a critical assessment of three promising forms of pri- vate climate governance: (a) disclosure of company emissions and climate risks; (b) voluntary commitments to reduce emissions; and (c) carbon labeling. The Article shows empirically that these private initiatives face a number of constraints that make them unlikely to generate significant mitigation action in the near term without regulatory backing. However, other bottom-up options, such as climate litigation, can play an important role in closing the ambi- tion deficit by increasing government accountability and facilitating the de facto implementa- tion of the Paris Agreement in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights from the World Inequality Report 2018 Lucas Chancel
    Globalization, Growth, and Inequality: Highlights from the World Inequality Report 20181 Lucas Chancel 1 What is the aim of the World Inequality Report 2018? • The objective of the World Inequality Report 2018 is to contribute to a more informed global democratic debate on economic inequality by bringing the latest and most complete data to the public discussion. • Economic inequality is widespread and to some extent inevitable. It is our belief, however, that if rising inequality is not properly monitored and addressed, it can have catastrophic polit- ical, economic, and social consequences. We do not seek to bring everyone into agreement regarding inequality; this will never happen, for the simple reason that no single scientific truth exists about the ideal level of inequality, let alone the most socially desirable mix of pol- icies and institutions to achieve such a level. Ultimately, it is a matter for public deliberation, political institutions, and their processes to make these difficult decisions. • But this deliberative process requires more rigorous and transparent information on income and wealth that reconciles macroeconomic phenomena with microeconomic trends in inequal- ity, which can often contradict each other. Generating this information is not a straightforward exercise, however, given that many countries do not publicly release, or may not even pro- duce, detailed and consistent income and wealth inequality statistics. • To overcome these limitations, we combine all data sources at our disposal in a systematic and transparent manner: national income and wealth accounts (including, when possible, es- timates of offshore wealth); household income and wealth surveys; fiscal data coming from taxes on income; inheritance and wealth data (when they exist); and wealth rankings.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Governance in Vietnam Institutional Reforms and Failures 1St Edition Ebook Free Download
    ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN VIETNAM INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS AND FAILURES 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Stephan Ortmann | 9783319497594 | | | | | Environmental Governance in Vietnam Institutional Reforms and Failures 1st edition PDF Book Alternatives to the personal automobile are increasing, including public transport, car sharing and bicycles and alternative propulsion systems. Third World Qaarmly 21 5 : Nguyen van Nga. Nguyen, Nga 1—1. Global environmental governance is about more than simply expanding networks of institutions and decision makers. Nguyen Trung Thang. Civic agriculture Community-supported agriculture Forest gardening Foodscaping Local Permaculture Security Sustainable agriculture Sustainable fishery Urban horticulture Vegetable box scheme. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our Privacy Policy , Terms of Service , and Dataset License. Main article: World Bank. In addition, we demonstrated the potential gains to be had from tapping into institutional and political energies of inter-community forestry associations and forest rights movements representing actively mobilized forest user groups. These standards differ from UNEP's standards, meant to be the benchmark, thus discrediting the institution and sowing disorder and conflict in the world of environmental governance. Categories : Environmentalism Environmental policy Environmental social science concepts Sustainable development Forest governance Transboundary environmental issues. Community members with four to seven years of education were trained in user-friendly and IPCC-compliant carbon stock measurements through real-time monitoring and data recording ibid. Vietnam Updatt, , Canberra, Australia, Nov Show next xx. Pham Tam. Heng, and David W. Environmental Conservation 37 1 : History of the Vietnam Environment Administration. Washington D. Dixon, Chris, and Andrea Kilgour. Nguyen Manh Cuong.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Conflicts and Institutions As Conceptual Cornerstones of Environmental Governance Research
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Paavola, Jouni Working Paper Environmental conflicts and institutions as conceptual cornerstones of environmental governance research CSERGE Working Paper EDM, No. 05-01 Provided in Cooperation with: The Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), University of East Anglia Suggested Citation: Paavola, Jouni (2005) : Environmental conflicts and institutions as conceptual cornerstones of environmental governance research, CSERGE Working Paper EDM, No. 05-01, University of East Anglia, The Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), Norwich This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80277 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt
    [Show full text]
  • Biosphere Reserves' Management Effectiveness—A Systematic
    sustainability Review Biosphere Reserves’ Management Effectiveness—A Systematic Literature Review and a Research Agenda Ana Filipa Ferreira 1,2,* , Heike Zimmermann 3, Rui Santos 1 and Henrik von Wehrden 2 1 CENSE—Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA College of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; [email protected] 2 Institute of Ecology, Faculty of Sustainability and Center for Methods, Leuphana University, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany; [email protected] 3 Institute for Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-21-294-8397 Received: 10 June 2020; Accepted: 2 July 2020; Published: 8 July 2020 Abstract: Research about biosphere reserves’ management effectiveness can contribute to better understanding of the existing gap between the biosphere reserve concept and its implementation. However, there is a limited understanding about where and how research about biosphere reserves’ management effectiveness has been conducted, what topics are investigated, and which are the main findings. This study addresses these gaps in the field, building on a systematic literature review of scientific papers. To this end, we investigated characteristics of publications, scope, status and location of biosphere reserves, research methods and management effectiveness. The results indicate that research is conceptually and methodologically diverse, but unevenly distributed. Three groups of papers associated with different goals of biosphere reserves were identified: capacity building, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. In general, each group is associated with different methodological approaches and different regions of the world. The results indicate the importance of scale dynamics and trade-offs between goals, which are advanced as important leverage points for the success of biosphere reserves.
    [Show full text]