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Distribution, Abundance, and Recruitment of Soft-Bottom Rockfishes (Scorpaenidae: Sebastes) on the Southern California Mainland Shelf’

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Distribution, Abundance, and Recruitment of Soft-Bottom Rockfishes (Scorpaenidae: Sebastes) on the Southern California Mainland Shelf’ MEARNS ET AL.: DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND RECRUITMENT OF SEBASTES CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXI, 1980 DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND RECRUITMENT OF SOFT-BOTTOM ROCKFISHES (SCORPAENIDAE: SEBASTES) ON THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MAINLAND SHELF’ ALAN J. MEARNS2, M. JAMES ALLEN3, MICHAEL D. MOORE‘, AND MARJORIE J. SHERWOOD4 ABSTRACT creational and commercial fisheries. In routine trawl sur- Data from nearly 400 small-mesh otter trawls taken veys along the southern California coast between the 20- throughout the southern California borderland between and 200-m isobaths, young and adult rockfishes are fre- 1969 and 1979 were examined to reveal spatial and tem- quently the most abundant species and, over many sea- poral patterns in the abundance and distribution of rock- sons, are the most diverse family of fishes collected fishes. Rockfishes were common in all samples taken be- (Mearns 1977,1979a). The young are an important food tween 15 and 450 m. Predictably, species composition source for many fishes and seabirds. And, because they changed with depth. Catches were numerically domi- occur in a variety of habitats close to shore, they can nated by either Sebastes saxicola (from 1971-75) or S. affect, and have been affected by, man’s coastal activi- dalli (from 1975-79) on the mainland shelf south of Point ties, including waste-water discharges (Shenvood 1979; Dume and inshore of 60 m; variability in the recruitment Sherwood and Mearns in press). of the young of these species was the major source of Our interest in rockfishes was reinforced in 1975 when seasonal and year-to-year fluctuations in rockfish catches. investigators conducting routine trawl-monitoring sur- These variations in recruitment were related to changing veys reported a dramatic influx of previously “rare” calico oceanographic conditions. rockfish (S. dalli) off Orange and Los Angeles Counties between depths of 15 and 60 m (Mearns 1977; John RESUMEN Stephens, Occidental College, personal communication). Se examinaron 10s datos de casi 400 arrastres de fondo An initial investigation of trawl data collected by the (con tablas), de malla pequena, tornados en la zona fron- Orange County Sanitation Districts (OCSD) and the teriza del sur de California entre 1969 y 1979, para pre- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project sentar patrones especiales y temporales en la abundancia (SCCWRP) revealed that prior to July of 1975 catches y distribucion de peces del genero Sebastes. Estos peces between 15 and 150 m were dominated by stripetail eran comunes en todas las muestras tomadas entre 15 y rocktish (S. saxicola); after the summer of 1975, S. 450 m. Como se esperaba, la composicion en especies saxicolu were rare except in the deepest (130-140 m) cambio con la profundidad. Las capturas estaban domi- samples, and through 1978, S. ddi dominated the in- nadas numericamente por Sebastes saxicola (de 1971- shore (20-60 m) rockfish catch (Mearns 1979a, 1979b). 75) o S. dalli (de 1975-79) en la plataforma continental Neither S. saxicola nor S. daZli is commercially har- a1 sur de Point Dume y dentro de 10s 60 m de la costa; la vested or of sportfishing interest in this area; thus, the variabilidad en el reclutamiento de 10s juveniles de estas cause of this dramatic change must be due to factors other especies fue la mayor causa de las fluctuaciones estacie than fishing. The area is the site of a 60-m deep sewage nales y de cada ano en las capturas de Sebastes. Estas va- outfall (680 million literdday), which had begun dis- riaciones en el reclutamiento aparecen relacionadas con charge four years earlier (April 1971); however, it is un- las variaciones en las condiciones oceanograficas. likely this discharge was the cause since the S. daZZi influx was observed at distant sites (e.g. Santa Monica Bay, 20 INTRODUCTION to 50 km away). This leaves the possibility that the event This report summarizes data on variations in the abun- was natural and in some way related to changing oceano- dance, recruitment, and apparent growth of prominent graphic or climatic conditions or to biological interac- rockfishes caught by small-mesh otter trawls on the tions. In fact, evidence has already been presented that southern California mainland shelf. It is intended to com- suggests that recruitment of nearshore bottomfish is rela- plement an earlier report on nearshore fish (Mearns ted to interannual variations in sea-surface temperature 1979b). and turbidity (Mearns 1979a, 1979b). Rockfishes (Genus Sebastes, Family Scorpaenidae) As a result of these earlier findings, we felt a more are among the most important groups of fishes in Cali- rigorous analysis of spatial and temporal variations of fornia. As adults, some rockfish (notably bocaccio, Se- rockfish assemblages was in order. Specific objectives of bastes paucispinis) make important contributions to re- this study were to identify the most abundant species lContnbution Number 124 Southern California Coastal Water Research Project along the shelf during the 1970’s, to determine depth and MESA Puget Sound Project NOAA 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle WA 981 15 ’Scripps Instltution of Oceanography, Umversiiy of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 geographic distributions of certain species both before ‘Southern California Coastal Water Resedr‘h Project 646 West Pacific coast Highway Long Beach, CA 90806 and after 1975, to seek out any correlations that might [Manuscnpt received 20 February 1980 I 180 MEARNS ET AL.: DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND RECRUITMENT OF SEBASTES CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXI, 1980 MONICA BAY d SAN MIGUEL ISLAND Ap TANNER-CORTEZ p 0 1977 60-M SURVEY BANKS ,p$ '\,, 0 1977 SANTA MONICA BASIN TRANSECT '\ A1977 BLM SURVEY '.-d ? A1973 SYNOPTIC SURVEY Figure 1. Trawl locations in the Southern California Bight, 1973-79 I I exist between variations in rockfish catch and ocean@ *,'. graphic changes, and to identify possible biological inter- ---7SEAL BEACH 0,. KM 10 1 actions between rockfish species. I*;- \, SAN PEDRO t, I METHODS -I Rockfish catch and length-frequency data were com- piled from several one-time geographical trawl surveys (onein 1973 andthreein 1977,Figure 1)andfromaseries of quarterly trawl surveys taken between 1969 and 1979 off Orange County (Figure 2). 33" Trawl Gear and Towing Methods 30 N Two kinds of otter trawls were used, one built by the Marinovich Trawl Company (Biloxi, Mississippi) and NOV 69 TO MAY 74 I SEP 74 TO APR 79 DEPTHS IN METERS the other built by Mr. James Willis, Netmaker, Morro 1 I I I Bay, California. Both nets were 7.62-m (25-foot) head- 118"lOW 118" OO'W 117" 50W rope length, semi-balloon trawls, fitted with 1.27-cm Figure 2. Sampling location for quarterly trawls off Orange County, August (0.5-inch) stretch-mesh cod-end liners. However, the 1969 through October 1979. Willis nets and doors were constructed of heavier mater- ials and had a slightly larger body mesh than the Marino- al. ( 1975) did demonstrate that this small otter trawl took vich nets (4.13 cm versus 3.81 cm, stretch). the same upper size limits of rockfish also captured by In most cases, tows were taken along isobaths at a hook-and-line (e.g. S. paucispinis, trawl to 500-mm speed of 1.3 mhecond (2.5 knots). On-bottom tow times standard length [SL], hook-and-line to 450-mm SL; S. were generally 10 minutes but ranged from 10 to 25 miniatus, trawl to 260-mm SL, hook-and-line to 300-mm minutes (specified below). SL; S. rosenblatti, otter trawl to 420-mm SL, hook-and- This gear is not expected to catch many large, old, fast- line to 4 10-mm SL). However, the trawl did take a lower swimming rockfish. However, in a comparative hook- proportion of larger rockfish than did bottom hook-and- and-line and trawl study in Santa Monica Bay, Allen et line gear (Allen et al. 1975). 181 MEARNS ET AL.: DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND RECRUITMENT OF SEBASTES CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXI, 1980 Catch Processing and Identification Depth distributions of the samples were: All fishes from these surveys were sorted aboard ship, Tanner Bank 185, 185, 185, and 216 m 137, 183, and 274 m identified, examined for external abnormalities and para- San Miguel Island183, 183, and 227 m 132,183, 192, and 274 m sites, and measured to the nearest 0.5-cm standard length Point Conception 73, 135, 183, and 220 m 137 and 183 m Coal Oil Point 73, 137, 174, and 185 m 137, 174, and 220 m (SL). Catches from 1973 onward were also weighed by species. Voucher specimens and specimens of uncertain All samples were taken aboard the WV Velero (Uni- identity were preserved and returned to our laboratory for versity of Southern California) at 1.3 m/second (2.5 archiving and confirmation. knots) but with on-bottom time ranging from 10 to 25 Juvenile rockfkhes from these and other SCCWRP minutes. surveys were identified using keys and data in Phillips Time Series 1969-79 (1957), Chen (1971), and Miller and Lea (1972). During the period from August 1969 to the present, the Wherever possible, we also arranged fresh specimens in County Sanitation Districts of Orange County (CSDOC) size series. This effort resulted in a guide which incor- contracted and conducted a series of quarterly trawl porated color as well as morphological features for juve- surveys at six to eight stations on the southern San Pedro nile rockfishes (Allen 1977). Using this information, we Bay coastal shelf off Huntington Beach and Newport confirmed identification of all specimens collected from Beach (Figure 2, Pamson et al. 1978; Mearns 1979a). At August 197 1 through 1979. However, we were unable to least one of us was on board to confirm identifications on confirm identifications of specimens collected by OCSD aii but one occasion between August 197 1 and October between August 1969 and May 197 1.
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