DOCSLIB.ORG

The Threatened Status of Steller Sea Lions, Eumetopias Jubatus, Under the Endangered Species Act: Effects on Alaska Groundfish Fisheries Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Threatened Status of Steller Sea Lions, Eumetopias Jubatus, Under the Endangered Species Act: Effects on Alaska Groundfish Fisheries Management The Threatened Status of Steller Sea Lions, Eumetopias jubatus, under the Endangered Species Act: Effects on Alaska Groundfish Fisheries Management LOWELL W. FRITZ, RICHARD C. FERRERO and RONALD J. BERG Introduction altered fishery resource management in listed under the ESA were large ceta­ the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and ceans. These animals were among the During the 1970's, the U.S. Congress Aleutian Islands regions. In 1976, the first to be listed in 1973 after nearly two passed legislation which significantly Magnuson Fishery Conservation and centuries of commercial whaling sig­ Management Act (MFCMA) instituted nificantly reduced their populations. Lowell W. Fritz and Richard C. Ferrero are with a fishery management system under The majority of these harvests occurred the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Ser­ outside of Alaska waters. In contrast, Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA 98115, and Ronald vice (NMFS) and established the North the Steller sea lion listing addressed a J. Berg is with the Alaska Regional Office, Na­ Pacific Fisheries Management Council more recent phenomenon, and it was tional Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Federal Building, 709 West 9th St., Juneau, AK 98802. (NPFMC). Earlier, the Marine Mammal prompted by studies in the 1970's and This paper was presented at a symposium entitled Protection Act (MMPA) of 1972 ad­ 1980's that revealed major declines in "Fisheries Management: Global Trends," June dressed the diminished status of many abundance in the core of the species' 1994, held in Seattle, Wash., which was spon­ soredjointly by the University ofWashington and marine mammal populations and intro­ range (Fig. 1) (Braham et a!., 1980; the National Marine Fisheries Service. duced mechanisms to limit their mortal­ Merrick et a!., 1987; Loughlin et a!., ity in commercial fisheries operating in­ 1992) and a deterioration in individual ABSTRACT-In April 1990, the Steller side the u.s. 3-200 n.mi. Exclusive Eco­ condition (Calkins and Goodwin l ). For sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, was listed as nomic Zone (EEZ). And in 1973, the En­ the first time under the ESA, a coastal threatened under the U.S. Endangered Spe­ cies Act by emergency action. Competitive dangered Species Act (ESA) established piscivorous marine mammal was listed interactions with the billion-dollar Alaska rules to protect species considered to be which had both a history of high inci­ commercial groundfish fisheries have been threatened with or in danger ofextinction. dental takes by fisheries and an overlap suggested as one ofthe possible contribut­ Even as the MFCMA shaped the in diet and distribution with those fish­ ing factors to the Steller sea lion popula­ tion decline. Since the listing, fisheries man­ character of U.S. fisheries, the MMPA eries (Calkins and Pitcher, 1982; Loughlin agers have attempted to address the poten­ and particularly the ESA influenced and Nelson, 1986; Perez and Loughlin, tial impacts of the groundfish fisheries on fisheries management where interac­ 1991; Calkins and Goodwin l ). Steller sea lion recovery. In this paper, we tions with marine mammals occur. This The listing of Steller sea lions as a review pertinent Federal legislation, bio­ broadened attention to potential rela­ threatened species created new chal­ logical information on the Steller sea lion decline, changes in the Alaska trawl fish­ tionships between commercial fisheries lenges for fisheries managers needing ery for walleye pollock, Theragra chalco­ and marine mammals was evident in the to balance the conservation and recov­ gramma, since the late 1970's, andpossible Alaska groundfish fisheries after the ery requirements of the ESA for Steller interactions betweenfisheries andsea lions. NMFS listed the Steller sea lion, sea lions with the needs of the Alaska Using three cases, we illustrate how the list­ ing of Steller sea lions has affected Alaska Eumetopias jubatus, as a threatened groundfish fishery, one of the largest groundfish fisheries through: I) actions taken species under the ESA (5 April 1990; fisheries in the world. This paper ex­ at the time oflisting designed to limit the po­ 55 FR 12645). The Steller sea lion list­ amines how the threatened status of the tentialfor direct human-related sea lion mor­ ing has been an important factor in the Steller sea lion has affected groundfish tality, 2) actions addressing spatial and tem­ recent evolution in North Pacific fisheries management off Alaska using poral separation offisheries from sea lions, and 3) introduction of risk-adverse stock as­ groundfish fisheries management and three examples of management actions sessment methodologies and Steller sea lion has heightened awareness of the impact from the time of listing to the present. conservation considerations directly in the fisheries may have on marine ecosys­ annual quota-setting process. This discussion tems in general and on nontarget, I Calkins, D., and E. Goodwin. 1988. Investiga­ shows some of the ways that North Pacific nonfish species in particular. tion of the declining sea lion population in the groundfish resource managers have begun to Gulf of Alaska. Rep. Alaska Dep. Fish Game, explicitly consider the conservation ofmarine Prior to 1990, the only marine mam­ 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, AK 99518­ mammal and other nontarget species. mal species inhabiting Alaska waters 1599,76 p. 14 Marine Fisheries Review These actions are placed in context by between Steller sea lions and commer­ The NPFMC receives advice from a first reviewing 1) the legal and manage­ cial groundfish fisheries. Scientific and Statistical Committee ment framework under which Alaska (SSC) on the acceptable biological Legal and Management Framework groundfish fisheries are managed, 2) the catch (ABC) and overfishing level for recent history of the largest fishery off each target species, and an Advisory Magnuson Fisheries Conservation Alaska, the trawl fishery for walleye Panel (AP) of industry representatives and Management Act pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, 3) on the total allowable catch (TAC) based possible causes of the decline in the The primary objective of the MFCMA on economic and social concerns. The Steller sea lion population in Alaska, is to conserve and manage U.S. fishery ABC's are initially determined by stock and 4) the nature of the interactions resources for sustained human use. To assessment scientists and reviewed by achieve this goal, regional fishery man­ separate Bering Sea and Aleutian Is­ 120,000 '"c agement councils (e.g., the NPFMC) lands (BSAI) region and Gulf ofAlaska ~ 100,000 were established to manage fisheries (GOA) Plan Teams. The ABC's have '"Q) '" 80,000 inside the U.S. EEZ. Councils manage generally been developed using single­ ~ 60,000 fisheries through development of fish­ species stock assessment philosophies ~ '0 40,000 ery management plans (FMP's) which (e.g., Pope, 1972; Deriso et aI., 1985; Q; .c outline how optimum yields will be Methot, 1990; Clark, 1991) which § 20,000 2 Z achieved while preventing overfishing. maximize yield while preventing over­ 0 55 65 75 85 Management councils are composed of fishing of each species, but do not ex­ Year representatives of Federal and state plicitly account for trophic interactions Figure L - Number of adult and juve­ agencies as well as the private sector. with other taxa. nile Steller sea lions counted on trend rookeries and haul outs from the Kenai 2 Groundfish fisheries off Alaska are managed Marine Mammal Protection Act Peninsula (long, 1500 W) to Kiska Island by two FMP's covering I) the Gulf of Alaska (long, 177°E), Alaska, during 7 surveys (GOA; the southern coast to long. 1700 W), and The purpose of the MMPA is to pro­ conducted from 1957 to 1992, 2) the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands (BSAI). vide protection for marine mammals so Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus, 57(2),1995 15 that their populations are maintained as establish teams of experts in marine tat is broadly defined as "the specific significant, functioning elements of a mammal conservation and biology and areas ... essential to the conservation healthy marine ecosystem. The MMPA fishing practices that will develop plans of the species and which may require placed a moratorium on the take (i.e., to reduce the levels of incidental take special management consideration or harassment, hunt, capture, or kill) and of strategic stocks in fisheries. The 1994 protection." As discussed below with importation of marine mammals, but amendments retain the zero mortality respect to Section 7 of the ESA, the ar­ contained provisions for limited takes rate goal for marine mammals in fish­ eas designated as critical habitat can in the course of commercial fishing eries and specify that all fisheries must have important management implica­ operations. Although the ultimate goal attain that goal within seven years. tions: Federal agencies proposing ac­ was to reduce takes to negligible lev­ tions within critical habitat must ensure Endangered Species Act els, two mechanisms were established that their actions are not likely to de­ for allowing some incidental take: gen­ The goals of the ESA are to prevent stroy those features which make it eral permits and small take exemptions the extinction of species, to encourage "critical" nor adversely modify its use­ (added to the MMPA in 1981). The recovery of listed species to the point fulness to the listed species. Designa­ former mechanism allowed large num­ that they no longer need protection, and tion of critical habitat by itself, how­ bers of a species to be taken if it was at to preserve their ecosystems. Conser­ ever, does not restrict any activity in the or above its optimum sustainable popu­ vation and recovery of listed species are area. lation (aSP), while the latter allowed accomplished through the prohibition of On 1 April 1993 (58 FR 17181), the more limited taking without the need certain acts that are known or thought NMFS published a proposal designat­ to establish the status of the affected to harm the species and by requiring ing Steller sea lion critical habitat which population.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nursery Origin and Population Connectivity of Swordfish Xiphias Gladius in the North Pacific Ocean
    Received: 15 January 2021 Accepted: 9 March 2021 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14723 REGULAR PAPER FISH Nursery origin and population connectivity of swordfish Xiphias gladius in the North Pacific Ocean R. J. David Wells1,2 | Veronica A. Quesnell1 | Robert L. Humphreys Jr3 | Heidi Dewar4 | Jay R. Rooker1,2 | Jaime Alvarado Bremer1,2 | Owyn E. Snodgrass4 1Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas Abstract 2Department of Ecology & Conservation Element:Ca ratios in the otolith cores of young-of-the-year (YOY) swordfish, Xiphias Biology, Texas A&M University, College gladius, were used as natural tracers to predict the nursery origin of subadult and adult Station, Texas 3Retired, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science swordfish from three foraging grounds in the North Pacific Ocean (NPO). First, the Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, chemistry of otolith cores (proxy for nursery origin) was used to develop nursery- Honolulu, Hawaii specific elemental signatures in YOY swordfish. Sagittal otoliths of YOY swordfish were 4Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, California collected from four regional nurseries in the NPO between 2000 and 2005: (1) Central Equatorial North Pacific Ocean (CENPO), (2) Central North Pacific Ocean (CNPO), Correspondence R. J. David Wells, Texas A&M University at (3) Eastern Equatorial North Pacific Ocean (EENPO) and (4) Western North Pacific Galveston, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean (WNPO). Calcium (43Ca), magnesium (24Mg), strontium (88Sr) and barium (138Ba) 1001 Texas Clipper Rd. Galveston, TX 77554, USA. were quantified in the otolith cores of YOY swordfish using laser ablation inductively Email: [email protected] coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E: Fish Species List
    Appendix F. Fish Species List Common Name Scientific Name American shad Alosa sapidissima arrow goby Clevelandia ios barred surfperch Amphistichus argenteus bat ray Myliobatis californica bay goby Lepidogobius lepidus bay pipefish Syngnathus leptorhynchus bearded goby Tridentiger barbatus big skate Raja binoculata black perch Embiotoca jacksoni black rockfish Sebastes melanops bonehead sculpin Artedius notospilotus brown rockfish Sebastes auriculatus brown smoothhound Mustelus henlei cabezon Scorpaenichthys marmoratus California halibut Paralichthys californicus California lizardfish Synodus lucioceps California tonguefish Symphurus atricauda chameleon goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus cheekspot goby Ilypnus gilberti chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha curlfin sole Pleuronichthys decurrens diamond turbot Hypsopsetta guttulata dwarf perch Micrometrus minimus English sole Pleuronectes vetulus green sturgeon* Acipenser medirostris inland silverside Menidia beryllina jacksmelt Atherinopsis californiensis leopard shark Triakis semifasciata lingcod Ophiodon elongatus longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys night smelt Spirinchus starksi northern anchovy Engraulis mordax Pacific herring Clupea pallasi Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata Pacific pompano Peprilus simillimus Pacific sanddab Citharichthys sordidus Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax Pacific staghorn sculpin Leptocottus armatus Pacific tomcod Microgadus proximus pile perch Rhacochilus vacca F-1 plainfin midshipman Porichthys notatus rainwater killifish Lucania parva river lamprey Lampetra
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan for the Rougheye/Blackspotted Rockfish Complex (Sebastes Aleutianus and S
    DRAFT SPECIES AT RISK ACT MANAGESPECIESMENT PLAN AT RISK SERIES ACT MANAGEMENT PLAN SERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE ROUGHEYE/BLACKSPOTTEDMANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE ROCKFISH ROUGHEY E COMPLEXROCKFISHROUGHEYE (SEBASTES ALEUTIANUSROCKFISH COMPLEX AND S. MELANOSTICTUS(SEBASTES ALEUTIANUS) AND LONGSPINE AND S. THORNYHEADMELANOSTICTUS (SEBASTOLOBUS) AND LONGSPINE ALTIVELIS THORNYHE) IN AD CANADA(SEBAST OLOBUS ALTIVELIS)INCANADA SEBASTES ALEUTIANUS; SEBASTES MELANOSTICTUS SEBASTES ASEBASTOLOBUSLEUTIANUS; SEBASTES ALTIVELIS MEL ANOSTICTUS SEBASTOLOBUS ALTIVELIS S. aleutianus S. melanostictus 2012 Photo Credit: DFO Sebastolobus altivelis 2012 About the Species at Risk Act Management Plan Series What is the Species at Risk Act (SARA)? SARA is the Act developed by the federal government as a key contribution to the common national effort to protect and conserve species at risk in Canada. SARA came into force in 2003, and one of its purposes is “to manage species of special concern to prevent them from becoming endangered or threatened.” What is a species of special concern? Under SARA, a species of special concern is a wildlife species that could become threatened or endangered because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. Species of special concern are included in the SARA List of Wildlife Species at Risk. What is a management plan? Under SARA, a management plan is an action-oriented planning document that identifies the conservation activities and land use measures needed to ensure, at a minimum, that a species of special concern does not become threatened or endangered. For many species, the ultimate aim of the management plan will be to alleviate human threats and remove the species from the List of Wildlife Species at Risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic Status Review for the Steller Sea Lion
    STATE OF WASHINGTON January 2015 Periodic Status Review for the Steller Sea Lion Gary J. Wiles The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife maintains a list of endangered, threatened, and sensitive species (Washington Administrative Codes 232-12-014 and 232-12-011, Appendix E). In 1990, the Washington Wildlife Commission adopted listing procedures developed by a group of citizens, interest groups, and state and federal agencies (Washington Administrative Code 232-12-297, Appendix A). The procedures include how species listings will be initiated, criteria for listing and delisting, a requirement for public review, the development of recovery or management plans, and the periodic review of listed species. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife is directed to conduct reviews of each endangered, threatened, or sensitive wildlife species at least every five years after the date of its listing. The reviews are designed to include an update of the species status report to determine whether the status of the species warrants its current listing status or deserves reclassification. The agency notifies the general public and specific parties who have expressed their interest to the Department of the periodic status review at least one year prior to the five-year period so that they may submit new scientific data to be included in the review. The agency notifies the public of its recommendation at least 30 days prior to presenting the findings to the Fish and Wildlife Commission. In addition, if the agency determines that new information suggests that the classification of a species should be changed from its present state, the agency prepares documents to determine the environmental consequences of adopting the recommendations pursuant to requirements of the State Environmental Policy Act.
    [Show full text]
  • (Sebastes Chrysomelas) from Central California
    Fall 2013 237 California Fish and Game 99(4):237-239; 2013 Orange coloration in a black-and-yellow rockfish (Sebastes chrysomelas) from central California KEVIN O. LEWAND, JOHN R. HYDE, VINCE P. BUONACCORSI, AND ROBERT N. LEA Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940, USA (KOL) Southwest Fisheries Science Center,8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, USA (JRH) Von Liebig Science Center, 601 17th Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA (VPB) California Department of Fish and Game (retired), 20 Lower Ragsdale Drive, Monterey, CA 93940, USA and California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA (RNL) *Correspondent: [email protected] Key words: abnormal coloration, black-and-yellow rockfish,Sebastes chrysomelas ________________________________________________________________________ In November 2010 an orange colored rockfish (Sebastes sp.) was caught by hook and line off Avila Beach, San Luis Obispo County, California (35º 14’ N, 120º 64’ W) at a depth of 6 m near the Point San Luis Lighthouse. The fish initially was not identifiable with any of the shallow-water rockfishes, yet had the general conformation of a member of the Pteropodus rockfish complex. Through analysis of morphological characters the specimen was determined to be either a black-and-yellow rockfish (S. chrysomelas) or gopher rockfish (S. carnatus). Both are considered as shallow-water species with gopher rockfish generally found deeper than black-and-yellow rockfish (Larson 1980, Love et al. 2002) and we initially assumed that the orange colored rockfish was a black-and-yellow rockfish. Within aquarium conditions, the fish demonstrated behavioral characteristics similar to those of both black-and- yellow rockfish and gopher rockfish by hiding in cracks in rocks covered with invertebrates such as California hydrocoral (Stylaster californicus), strawberry anemone (Corynactis californica), sponges (Porifera), and algae (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Yellowtail Rockfish (Sebastes Flavidus) Along the U.S
    Status of Yellowtail Rockfish (Sebastes flavidus) Along the U.S. Pacific Coast in 2017 Andi Stephens1 Ian G. Taylor2 1Northwest Fisheries Science Center, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2032 S.E. OSU Drive Newport, Oregon 97365 2Northwest Fisheries Science Center, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112 January 2018 Status of Yellowtail Rockfish (Sebastes flavidus) Along the U.S. Pacific Coast in 2017 Contents Executive Summary1 Stock...........................................1 Catches . .3 Data and Assessment . .7 Stock Biomass . .7 Recruitment . 10 Exploitation status . 12 Ecosystem Considerations . 15 Reference Points . 15 Management Performance . 16 Unresolved Problems And Major Uncertainties . 17 Decision Tables . 18 Research And Data Needs . 23 1 Introduction 25 1.1 Basic Information . 25 1.2 Life History . 26 1.3 Ecosystem Considerations . 26 1.4 Fishery and Management History . 27 1.5 Assessment History . 28 1.6 Fisheries off Canada, Alaska, and/or Mexico . 28 2 Data 30 2.1 Biological Parameters . 30 2.1.1 Weight-Length . 30 2.1.2 Maturity And Fecundity . 30 2.1.3 Natural Mortality . 31 i 2.1.4 Aging Precision And Bias . 31 2.2 Biological Data and Indices . 32 2.3 Northern Model Data . 32 2.3.1 Commercial Fishery Landings . 32 2.3.2 Sport Fishery Removals . 33 2.3.3 Estimated Discards . 33 2.3.4 Abundance Indices . 34 2.3.5 Fishery-Independent Data . 34 2.3.6 Biological Samples . 36 2.4 Southern Model Data .
    [Show full text]
  • Intrinsic Vulnerability in the Global Fish Catch
    The following appendix accompanies the article Intrinsic vulnerability in the global fish catch William W. L. Cheung1,*, Reg Watson1, Telmo Morato1,2, Tony J. Pitcher1, Daniel Pauly1 1Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory (AERL), 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada 2Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal *Email: [email protected] Marine Ecology Progress Series 333:1–12 (2007) Appendix 1. Intrinsic vulnerability index of fish taxa represented in the global catch, based on the Sea Around Us database (www.seaaroundus.org) Taxonomic Intrinsic level Taxon Common name vulnerability Family Pristidae Sawfishes 88 Squatinidae Angel sharks 80 Anarhichadidae Wolffishes 78 Carcharhinidae Requiem sharks 77 Sphyrnidae Hammerhead, bonnethead, scoophead shark 77 Macrouridae Grenadiers or rattails 75 Rajidae Skates 72 Alepocephalidae Slickheads 71 Lophiidae Goosefishes 70 Torpedinidae Electric rays 68 Belonidae Needlefishes 67 Emmelichthyidae Rovers 66 Nototheniidae Cod icefishes 65 Ophidiidae Cusk-eels 65 Trachichthyidae Slimeheads 64 Channichthyidae Crocodile icefishes 63 Myliobatidae Eagle and manta rays 63 Squalidae Dogfish sharks 62 Congridae Conger and garden eels 60 Serranidae Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets 60 Exocoetidae Flyingfishes 59 Malacanthidae Tilefishes 58 Scorpaenidae Scorpionfishes or rockfishes 58 Polynemidae Threadfins 56 Triakidae Houndsharks 56 Istiophoridae Billfishes 55 Petromyzontidae
    [Show full text]
  • Why Do Some Pelagic Fishes Have Wide Fluctuations in Their Numbers? ---Biological Basis of Fluctuation from the Viewpoint of Evolutionary Ecology
    WHY DO SOME PELAGIC FISHES HAVE WIDE FLUCTUATIONS IN THEIR NUMBERS? ---BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF FLUCTUATION FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY--- by Tsuyoshi Kawasaki Faculty of Agriculture Tohoku University 1–1 Amamiya-cho Tsutsumi-dori Sendai-shi 980, Japan Resumen Los patrones de fluctuación en número de individuos varían de una especie (sub-población) a otra, los que han sido seleccionados a través del pro- ceso de evolución. En el caso de teleósteos marinos se presentan tres tipos extremos de patrones de fluctuación, IA, IB y II, representados respectiva- mente por saury y amodites, arenque y sardina, atunes y peces planos. Una relación entre estos tres tipos puede ser expresada por un triángulo con dimensiones de longevidad, fecundidad y tasa de crecimiento. El tipo IA, muestra cambios espaciados de breve tiempo, es una especie de vida corta, tiene una fecundidad baja, y el producto de k (parámetro de crecimiento de la ecuación de Bertalanffy) y T (tiempo generación) es bajo, lo que hace que la tasa instantánea de incremento natural de la población (r) sea alta, mientras que el tipo IB, se caracteriza por mostrar variaciones fenomenales de largo tiempo, son especies de vida larga, menos fecundas y el producto de kT es alto, y además acumulan una gran cantidad de peces cuando se presenta una sucesión de clases anuales fuertes a pesar de una r baja. El tipo II tiene una biomasa estable, son de vida larga, son más fecundos y el producto de kT es bajo así como r. El patrón de fluctuación específico para esta especie depende mucho de las condiciones ambientales bióticas y abióticas en que se desarrolla la especie.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the Genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Second Edition
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-117 Guide to Rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the Genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Second Edition by James Wilder Orr, Michael A. Brown, and David C. Baker U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center August 2000 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The new NMFS-NWFSC series will be used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Orr, J. W., M. A. Brown, and D. C. Baker. 2000. Guide to rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, second edition. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-117, 47 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-117 Guide to Rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the Genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Second Edition by J. W. Orr,1 M. A. Brown, 2 and D. C. Baker 2 1 Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Hepatic Lesions in a Redstriped Rockfish (Sebastes Proriger)
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS I Published July 14 Dis Aquat Org NOTE Hepatic lesions in a redstriped rockfish (Sebastesproriger) suggestive of a herpesvirus infection 'Center for Salmon Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall. Corvallis. Oregon 97331-3804. USA 'Environmental Conservation Division. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA ABSTRACT: Unusual lesions were observed in a redstriped herpesvirus, sheatfish herpesvirus, smelt papilloma rockfish (Sebastes proriger) collected during a survey of herpesvirus, turbot herpesvirus, Herpesvirus cypnni), marine fishes off the coast of British Columbia, Canada. This whereas others cause systemic disease (e.g., channel particular fish exhibited prominent hepatomegaly, with large, coalescing, multiple hemorrhages. The affected hver exhib- catfish virus, Herpesvirus salmonis, Oncorhynchus ited remarkable histological changes that, taken together, masou virus) (Wolf 1988, Hetrick & Hedrick 1993). strongly suggested infection by a virus of the herpesvirus Cells infected with several viruses of this family exhibit group. Multiple, multinucleated giant cells or syncytia of typical, amphophilic to eosinophilic intranuclear inclu- hepatocytes occurred throughout the liver and were assocl- sion bodies (Cowdry Type A inclusions), surrounded ated with massive, coalescing areas of coagulation necrosis, edema, congestion and cavernous hemorrhages
    [Show full text]
  • Steller Sea Lion,Eumetopias Jubatus
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Steller Sea Lion Eumetopias jubatus in Canada SPECIAL CONCERN 2013 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2013. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Steller Sea Lion Eumetopias jubatus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xi + 54 pp. (www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default_e.cfm). Previous report(s): COSEWIC. 2003. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Steller Sea Lion Eumetopias jubatus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 50 p. BIGG, M.A. 1987. COSEWIC status report on the Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 63 p. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Andrew W. Trites for writing the status report on the Steller Sea Lion, Eumetopias jubatus, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Jane Watson and Hal Whitehead, Co-chairs of the COSEWIC Marine Mammals Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur L’otarie de Steller (Eumetopias jubatus) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Steller Sea Lion — photo: A.W. Trites.
    [Show full text]
  • Activity Patterns and Feeding Chronology of the Kelp Rockfish, Sebastes Atrovirens, in a Central California Kelp Forest
    ACTIVITY PATTERNS AND FEEDING CHRONOLOGY OF THE KELP ROCKFISH, SEBASTES ATROVIRENS, IN A CENTRAL CALIFORNIA KELP FOREST A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Biology San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment · of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By Gilbert S. Van Dykhuizen May 1983 ABSTRACT Activity patterns, home range behavior, feeding habits, and chronology of adult kelp rockfish,·Sebastes atrovirens, were investigated in a kelp forest in Carmel Bay, California. Kelp rockfish abundance fluctuated with kelp density and canopy cover in this study area. Fish were distributed throughout the water column both day and night in the kelp season and were confined to the bottom in the non-kelp season. Tagged kelp rockfish occupied home ranges throughout the study, although several departed as a result of storms and reduced kelp density. Kelp rockfish fed opportunistically on available and abundant organisms including kelp-associated, open water, and epibenthic prey. Digestive states and rates on fish prey were determined in the laboratory, an~ kelp rockfish fully digested a medium-sized meal of juvenile Sebastes in approximately 33 hours. Initial time of feeding was estimated for field-collected kelp rockfish containing juvenile fishes. From recency of feeding indices, feeding appeared to occur at all times of day with a tendency towards dawn and night feeding. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee, Drs. Greg Cailliet, Ralph Larson, and Robert-Lea for their helpful comments, support, and assistance during the course of this work. Dr. Mike Foster also provided valuable suggestions along the way.
    [Show full text]