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St. Michael's Church, Marblehead, Massachusetts, I 7 ST. MICHAELS,’ DETAIL OF WROUGHT IRON SUPPORT FOR CHANDELIER Courtesy of Samuel Chamberlain. OLD-TIME NEW ENGLAND cff Quarterly &Magazine Devoted to the cffncient Buildings,‘ House/lo/d FurnzSzings, Domestic EArts, Nanners and Customs, and &Gnor Aztipities of the xew England Teople BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE PRESERVATION OF NEW ENGLAND ANTIQUITIES Volume LIII, No. 2 October-December,I 962 Serial No. I 90 St. Michaels’ Church, Marblehead, Massachusetts, I 7 I 4 By STUART PAUL FELD PART II N the initial article on St. Michael’s, Tower” (italics added), suggesting that Marblehead, which appeared in the the present western tower was only a I Spring issue of OLDTIME NEW part of the projected scheme, a lack of ENGLAND, the general character of the any further documentary evidence of its original building was suggested and some existence has prompted most writers to attempt made to relate it to the broader conclude that “the tower was never traditions of western ecclesiastical archi- built.“’ Recent investigation has, how- tecture. It is the province of this second ever, brought to light a most interesting and final article to record more specifical- sequence of documents. While visiting ly, on the basis of early documentary and Marblehead during his journey through internal evidence, the individual features New England in 1744, Dr. Alexander of the original building, as well as the Hamilton, a resident of Annapolis, Mary- multiplicity of changes and additions land, attended a service at St. Michael’s, which have marked its history through noting in his diary that “upon this Church nearly two and one half centuries. It is stands a steeple in which there is a public only in this way that historical fact can clock,“* which corroborates the evidence be separated from oftentimes erroneous of the I 7 14 document. But it was the dis- tradition. covery of an unpublished water-color Although the important letter from drawing dated 1763, showing St. the parish to Colonel Francis Nicholson Michael’s with a tall spire, which is the of November I 7 14, quoted earlier, very clinching proof that the original inten- clearly specifies, for example, that a spire tions of the building committee were ac- was projected “53. foot Above ye tually carried out. The only other surviv- 3’ Old-Time New England ing visual record of the building prior to very obviously been cut at some time since the extensive alterations of 1833 is a the initial construction of the building, in drawing traditionally dated I 8 I 8, which order to enlarge the original round- shows the building without a steeple, in- headed windows in both the horizontal dicating that this landmark had disap- and vertical dimensions and to allow for peared at some time between 1763 and the addition of the small side openings to I 8 I 8.” Although the church records re- create the Palladian motifs which pres- veal that a number of repairs were made ently ornament the tower.’ to the building within these years, how- Although the removal of the steeplein ever-particularly in the post-Revolu- 1793 and the enlargement and elabora- tionary period-in no case is there any tion of the windows in the tower some- specific reference to work on the steeple, time prior to I 8 18 significantly altered which seemsespecially strange in light of the original appearance of St. Michael’s, the minute records which were kept con- earlier changes had already radically cerning less significant alterations to the modified the I 7 14 design. Following a building. Again, however, it is one of the pattern which had by then become tradi- Bowen family daybooks which provides tional in New England, the growth of the missing link, for on July I, 1793, the congregation had necessitatedthe ad- Nathan Bowen casually recorded that the dition of a secondgallery as early as I 7 I 8. “Church Steple [was] taken Down be- And in the same year a Mr. Goodwin was ing Rotten.“’ Thus, with both verbal and paid two pounds for “making . 2 win- visual documentation of the existence of dows to ye Pulpit,“7 suggesting an ar- a steeple at St. Michael’s throughout rangement similar to that which one still nearly the entire eighteenth century, the finds at St. Paul’s, Wickford (formerly view which became current in the later Narragansett) .8 nineteenth century that the steeple was Apparently by 1728, however, the never completed need no longer be per- congregation had increased to the extent petuated. that a major addition to the building be- The Bowen drawing indicates only the came necessary, for on February fifth of general outlines of the design, which con- that year it was voted at a general meet- sistedof a simple tapering spire, probably ing of the vestry that “Capt. James Cal- four or six sided, surrounded by a balus- ley, John 0 u It on Esq & Capt. Nich trade and set upon the existing tower.5 Andrews, with the Church-Wardens, be Moreover, this sketch confirms the au- a Committee to agree with Mrs. Eliz- thor’s opinion that the present Palladian abeth Brown 81 Mrs. Hannah LeGallais, openings in the tower-which first ap- for 15 Feet Northward of the Church, pear in the I 8 I 8 drawing-are not a part in Order to enlarge it.” This was ac- of the original design, but rather repre- complished without any significant de- sent a later embellishment of the single lay, for the recent discovery of the origi- round-headed windows which are shown nal contract for the acquistion of this ad- in the Bowen drawing and which repre- ditional parcel of land indicates that the sent the standard of early eighteenth-cen- deal was consummated the next day.’ tury practice. An investigation of the in- The land thus acquired, the proprietors terior construction of the tower reinforces next sought to collect funds necessaryfor this theory, for the supporting braceshave the addition, and according to a vote St. Michael’s Church, Marblehead 33 taken at a subsequent meeting, on April another elongated hipped roof built par- 22, 1728, it was decided that “the New allel to the others. By thus simply adding addition be proceeded with forthwith another “bay,” the church was enlarged [and] that Capt. Nich. Andrews, Capt. by one third. Meanwhile, however, the Abraham Howard, & Mr. Latimer experience of time had made it obvious WATER-COLOR VIEW OF MARBLEHEAD, 1763, SHOWING ST. MICHAELS’ CHURCH AND SPIRE AT LEFT From Ashley Bowen’s The Whole Art of Navigation, Ms. daybook. Courtesy of the Marblehead Historical Society. Waters be impowered to solicit the Cap- that the original multigabled roofing tains of the Ships for Contributions to- scheme of St. Michael’s was most un- wards enlarging the church.““’ suitable to the New England climate: on Although when the original building March 30, I 7 I 9, for example, the church of King’s Chapel had been extended in wardens and vestry had been “im- two directions in I 7 I I, major destruction powered . to look after the gutters & of parts of the 1689 fabric had to be car- repair them at the charge of the Pro- ried out before the projected additions prietors,“” indicating that the old gabled could be commenced, seemingly the orig- roof had already proved to be a most un- inal plan of St. Michael’s had taken into satisfactory arrangement. Consequently, consideration the possibility-we should although the church was extended in the say probability-f future expansion; for most obvious direction, the entire old roof although the building in its original state was covered over at this very early date formed a complete unit in itself, with a with a massive hipped roof, preserving recognizable prototype, it might also have beneath it what seems to have been an been regarded as an incomplete system of architectural novelty in the British colo- bays which could be augmented in time nies in America. of future need. In 1728, when the antic- The alterations carried out in 172s ipated expansion became a reality, the changed quite considerably the original north wall simply had to be moved back design of St. Michael’s. Although, to be fifteen feet, the side walls extended, and sure, the ponderous new roof concealed 34 Old-Time New England one of the principal distinguishing char- ward the north in I 728 a fourth window acteristicsof the early Anglican building, was introduced to complete the four-part the installation of additional windows and elevation. Turning to the visual evidence, the introduction of a new directional axis however, we find a seriesof four round- were also accomplished at this time. Of headed windows and an additional the placement of the windows, both in the smaller window in the upper row, while building as it was initially conceived in below a central doorway is flanked by I 7 I 4 and as it was subsequently altered irregularly sized and shaped windows, in I 728, our knowledge is unfortunately which, contrary to what one would ex- very limited. The presenceof at least one pect, do not line up with the windows gallery at an early date suggeststhat the above, and suggest, at best, a rather hap- church had a double row of windows, and hazard arrangement. indeed, the I 8 18 drawing, already re- With regard to the fenestration of the ferred to, shows a double tier of windows north and east sidesof St. Michael’s, the in what was probably the scheme of problem is even more difficult. On the fenestration as it existed following the north elevation, one would conjecture alterations of 1728.
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