,1'21(6,$1',$6325$$6$0(5,&$1%251,1'21(6,$1,1   3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) 307 81,7('67$7(62)$0(5,&$ ,6/$0,163$,1    Poststructuralism and Applied Linguistics: Complementary PHILOSOPHY AND SUF ISM AT THE GOLDEN ‘”‰ƒǡApproaches Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ to Identity and Culture in ELT Ǥ ‡–”‹‡˜‡† ˆ”‘ AGE ERA OF ISLAM IN SPAIN

Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ›‘”—Ǥ ƒȀ„‘”‰ƒȀ†‘ —‡–•Ȁ’”‹‰‡” ‹ƒŽǤ’†ˆǤ TESOL Quarterly, 31 ‘”–‘ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ ‹†‡–‹–›ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘™‡”•Š‹’ ‘ˆ ‰Ž‹•ŠǤ Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah ȋͳȌǡ ͶͲͻ–ͶʹͻǤ ‡–”‹‡˜‡† ˆ”‘  Š––’ǣȀȀˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ‡†— Ǥ—„ Ǥ ƒȀ‘”–‘Ȁ †‡–‹–›ΨʹͲƒ†ΨʹͲ‘™‡”•Š‹’Ψʹ –ƒ–‡ •Žƒ‹ ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‹ƒ‹ ƒŒ‹ Šƒ†‹††‹“ȋ  Ȍ ‡„‡” ƒ‹Žǣ”ƒŠƒŠ”ƒ‹‹Ͳͳͺ̷‰ƒ‹ŽǤ ‘ Ͳ’”‘‘ˆ•ΨʹͲ ƒΨʹͲʹͲͳ͹ΨʹͲǤ’†ˆIdentity and language learning Abstract: ‘”–‘ǡ Ǥǡ ȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ Ǥ ƒ”Ž‘™ ‰Žƒ†ǣ ‡ƒ”•‘ †— ƒ–‹‘–†ǤIdentity and language learning (2nd. Ed.) •Žƒ „‡‰ƒ –‘ ‘Ž‘”’ƒ‹†—”‹‰ –Š‡ƒ››ƒ† †›ƒ•–› —†‡”–Š‡ Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ ‘ˆ ƒŽ‹† „‹ „†—Ž ƒŽ‹ ȋ͹ͲͷǦ͹ͳͷ ȌǤ ‹‰—”‡• ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‘”–‘ǡǤȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ Ǥǣ—Ž–‹Ž‹‰—ƒŽ ‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡ƒ”‡Šƒ”‹ˆ„‹ƒŽ‹ǡƒ”‹“„‹‹›ƒ†ǡƒ†—•ƒ„‹—•Šƒ‹”Ǥ  ƒ––‡”• In B.V. Lal, P. Reeves and R. Rai –Š‡ ‹††Ž‡ ‰‡•ǡ ƒˆ–‡” •Žƒ ƒ‡ǡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ƒ†˜ƒ ‡• ‹ –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž†• ™‡”‡ „‘”Ǥ •Žƒ „‡ ƒ‡ –Š‡ „‡ƒ ‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–ƒ”– ‘ˆ (eds) The Encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora ‡‡˜‡•ǡǤƬƒ‹ǡǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤŠ‡ †‹ƒ ‘–‡š–Ǥ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ’”‘‰”‡•• ˆ‘” —”‘’‡Ǥ Š‡ ’‡ƒ ‘ˆ ’ƒ‹•Š —•Ž‹ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ Ǥ ‹‰ƒ’‘”‡ǣ †‹–‹‘• ƒ Š‹‡˜‡‡– ‘ —””‡† ‹ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ –Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ Ž‘‰ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‘‰”‡••‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›‹–Š‡ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”›ǡ–Š‡”‡™ƒ•ƒŽ‘™‡”Ž‹‡‘ˆ–Š‘—‰Š–ǡ ‹†‹‡”‹ŽŽ‡–ǡ’’Ǥͳͺ–͵ͳǤ ƒ‡Ž›–Š‡’ƒ–Š‘ˆ–Š‡Š‡ƒ”–™Š‹ ŠƒŽ•‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ǡ‘”–Š‡’ƒ–Š‘ˆ›•–‹ ‹•ǡ —‰ǡǤǤǤȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ Ž‘„ƒŽǡŽ‘ ƒŽ‘”‰Ž‘ ƒŽǫ †‡–‹–‹‡•‘ˆʹŽ‡ƒ”‡”•‹‰Ž‹•ŠLanguage, Culture and Curriculum, ƒ‡Ž› —ˆ‹•Ǥ ‹‰—”‡• ™Š‘ ’‹‘‡‡”‡† ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ’”‘‰”‡•• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–ƒ†—ˆ‹•‹’ƒ‹ǡƒ‘‰‘–Š‡”•ǡ „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠȋͺͺ͵Ǧ 27 ƒ•ƒ‹‰—ƒ ”ƒ ƒ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͻ͵ͳȌǡ‘Ž‘‘„‡ ƒ„‹”‘ŽȋͳͲʹͳǦͳͲͷͺȌ–Š‡†—”‹‰–Š‡—”ƒ„‹–—ƒ† ȋͳȌǡͶ͵Ǧͷ͹Ǥ —™ƒŠŠ‹†—’‡”‹‘†•™‡”‡ „ƒŒŒƒŠȋͳͲͺʹǦͳͳ͵ͺȌǡ „Š—ˆƒ‹ŽȋͳͳͳͲǦͳͳͺͷ Ȍǡ „—•Š†ȋͳͳʹ͸ǦͳͳͻͺȌǡ „”ƒ„‹ȋͳͳ͸ͷǦͳʹͶͲȌǡ „ƒ„̵‹ȋͳʹͳ͹Ǧ MALS Journal of Dartmouth Šƒ‘ǡǤǤȋʹͲͳͷȌǤŠ‡‘••‘ˆŠ‹‡•‡ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹Š‹‡•‡‹ƒ•’‘”ƒ•‹Š‡ ͳʹ͸Ͳ ȌǤ Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ •‘ ƒ› ™‘”• –Šƒ– ™‡”‡ „‘” ‹ –Š‡ ‹††Ž‡ ‰‡•ǡ –Š‡ ǤǤ ǡͶͳǦͷ͹Ǥ ’”‘‰”‡••–Šƒ––‘‘’Žƒ ‡™ƒ•ƒ•‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡”‹•‡‘ˆ—”‘’‡Ǥ Keywords: Islam, Spain, Philosophy, Sufism 

INTRODUCTION

on Language, Literature and Media and Literature Language, on

–Š‡ › Ž‘’‡†‹ƒ‘ˆ •Žƒǡ†ƒŽ—•‹ƒ‹•ƒƒ‡‘™‹–Š‡”ƒ„ƒ† •Žƒ‹  ™‘”Ž† ˆ‘” –Š‡ „‡”‹ƒ ‡‹•—ŽƒǤ†ƒŽ—•‹ƒ ‹•‘™ †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡•ǡƒ‡Ž›’ƒ‹ƒ†‘”–—‰ƒŽǤ •Žƒ—†‡”–‘‘ƒ‡š’‡†‹–‹‘–‘’ƒ‹Ž‡† „› Šƒ”‹ˆ „‹ ƒŽ‹ ȋ‹†™ƒǡ ͳͻͻͶȌǤŠ‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡• ™Š‘ ’Žƒ›‡† ƒ ƒŒ‘” ”‘Ž‡ „‡•‹†‡•Šƒ”‹ˆ ™‡”‡ ƒ”‹“ „‹ ‹›ƒ† ƒ† —•ƒ „‹ —•Šƒ‹”ǤŠ‹•‡š’ƒ•‹‘ ‘ˆ

—•Ž‹ –”‘‘’•‹–‘ –Š‡ „‡”‹ƒ ‡‹•—Žƒ™ƒ• –Š‡ ™‡•–‡” ‰ƒ–‡™ƒ› ‘ˆ Media and Literature Language, on —”‘’‡ǤŠ‡‡š’ƒ•‹‘™ƒ•–Š‡Žƒ•–ƒ†‘•–ƒ•–‘‹•Š‹‰‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ– ‹Ž‹–ƒ”›‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•–Š‡”ƒ„•Šƒ†‡˜‡” ƒ””‹‡†‘—–Ǥ –Š‹• Žƒ••‹ ƒŽ’‡”‹‘†ǡ–Š‡

Noor Vatha Nabilla Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 308 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) ,6/$0,163$,1 

‡š’ƒ•‹‘ ‘–‹—‡†–‘•’”‡ƒ†–‘†ƒŽ—•‹ƒȋ’ƒ‹ȌǤ •Žƒ‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‰‡•‹ ’ƒ‹’”‘‰”‡••‡†•‘–Šƒ– •Žƒ‹  ‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘‹’ƒ‹„‡ ƒ‡‘–Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‡˜‡Ž ƒ•‡ƒ•–‡” •Žƒȋƒ‰Š†ƒ†ȌǤ ˆ–‡”–Š‡ˆƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡„„ƒ•‹††›ƒ•–›ǡ–Š‡ •Žƒ‹ ™‘”Ž†™ƒ•–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ››ƒ† †›ƒ•–› ™Š‹ Š †—”‹‰ ‹–• ”‡‹‰ ™ƒ• ‡–‡”‡† ‹ –™‘ œ‘‡•ǡ ƒ‡Ž›‹–Š‡‡•–ȋ ‡–‡”‡†‹’ƒ‹‘”†ƒŽ—•‹ƒȌƒ†‹–Š‡ƒ•–ȋ ‡–‡”‡† ‹ ƒƒ• —•ȌǤ’ƒ‹ ™ƒ• ˆ‘”‡”Ž› ‘™ ƒ• †ƒŽ—•‹ƒ™Š‹ Š ‹• ‘™„› ”ƒ„•ƒ†—•Ž‹•‹–Š‡ „‡”‹ƒ‡‹•—ŽƒǤ†ƒŽ—•‹ƒ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›•’Ž‹–‹–‘–™‘ ‘—–”‹‡•ǡƒ‡Ž›’ƒ‹ƒ†‘”–—‰ƒŽǤŠ‡ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‘ˆ’ƒ‹‹•‘”†‘˜ƒǡ™Š‹ Š‹• –Š‡•‡ƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Šƒ–‡ǡƒ˜‡”›ƒ‰‹ˆ‹ ‡– ‹–›ǡƒ•‹Ž‡–™‹–‡••–‘–Š‡’”‘‰”‡•• ‘ˆ •Žƒƒ––Š‡–‹‡Ǥ ƒ”—ƒ•—–‹‘•ƒ‹†–Šƒ–‘”†‘˜ƒ‹•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‡–‡”‘ˆ •Žƒ‹  —Ž–—”‡ ‹ ƒ”ƒ‰–ǡ Œ—•– ƒ• ƒ‰Š†ƒ† ‹• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ•–Ǥ  ƒ‰Š†ƒ†ǡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ‹–ŽǦ ‹ƒŠƒ†ƒ†”ƒ•ƒŠ‹œƒ‹ƒŠƒ†‹ƒ‹”‘ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ŽǦœŠƒ”ƒ†ƒ” ŽǦ ‹ƒŠǡ™Š‹Ž‡‹‘”†‘˜ƒ–Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‘”†‘˜ƒƒ•ƒ ‡–‡”‘ˆ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ˆ‘—†‡†„›„†ŽǦƒŠƒ ȋͻʹͻǦͻ͸ͳȌȋƒ•—–‹‘ǡͳͻͻʹȌǤ •Žƒ„‡ ƒ‡–Š‡„‡ƒ ‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ”–‘ˆ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••ˆ‘”—”‘’‡ •‘ –Šƒ– ™Š‡ •Žƒ „‡‰ƒ –‘ †‡ Ž‹‡ǡ —”‘’‡ ”‘•‡ ˆ”‘ ‹–• ƒ†˜‡”•‹–›ǤŠ‡ ’”‘‰”‡••–Šƒ–‘ —””‡†‹•ƒ•‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡”‹•‡‘ˆ—”‘’‡ǡ–Š‹•’”‘‰”‡••‹•‘–‘Ž›‹ –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ „—– ’”‘‰”‡•• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ • ‹‡ ‡ ƒ† –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰› –Šƒ– ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡• –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ •Žƒ ‹ ’ƒ‹ Šƒ• ƒ „‹‰ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ’”‘‰”‡••ǤŠ‡’‡ƒ‘ˆ’ƒ‹•Š—•Ž‹‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽƒ Š‹‡˜‡‡–‘ —””‡†‹–Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ  METHOD   Data collection    Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–Š‘†‹•—•‡†–‘†‹”‡ ––Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”–‘™ƒ”†•’”‘„Ž‡ •‘Ž˜‹‰ǤŠ‡ ‡–Š‘† ‹• –Š‡ ‡–‹”‡ • ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  •–‡’ —•‡† –‘ ˆ‹† ƒ •‘Ž—–‹‘ –‘ ƒ library research ’”‘„Ž‡ȋ‹ŽƒŽƒŠ‹ǡʹͲͲͻȌǤŠ‡•–—†›—•‡†“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–Š‘†•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ –Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡•–—†›ȋ Ȍ„›—•‹‰„‘‘•ƒ†‘–Š‡”Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ƒ• –Š‡ƒ‹‘„Œ‡ –Ǥ ‹„”ƒ”›”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘”Ž‹„”ƒ”›”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹•ƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•”‡Žƒ–‹‰–‘–Š‡ ‡–Š‘†• ‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰ Ž‹„”ƒ”› †ƒ–ƒǡ ”‡ƒ†‹‰ ƒ† ”‡ ‘”†‹‰ǡ ƒ† ’”‘ ‡••‹‰

Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal Ž‹„”ƒ”› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ™‹–Š‘—– –Š‡ ‡‡† ˆ‘” ˆ‹‡Ž† ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ȋ‡†ǡ ʹͲͲͶȌǤ Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ˆ‘—” ’”‘ ‡†—”‡• ‹ Ž‹„”ƒ”› ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ‡Ž›ǣ ȋͳȌ ”‡’ƒ”‡ ‡“—‹’‡–ǡ™Š‹ Š ƒ„‡‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ•–ƒ–‹‘‡”›ƒ†‘–‡’ƒ’‡”ǡȋʹȌ”‡’ƒ”‡ƒ ™‘”‹‰„‹„Ž‹‘‰”ƒ’Š›ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹•‘—” ‡•–Šƒ–

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2)  3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) 309 ,6/$0,163$,1 ,6/$0,163$,1  

‡š’ƒ•‹‘ ‘–‹—‡†–‘•’”‡ƒ†–‘†ƒŽ—•‹ƒȋ’ƒ‹ȌǤ •Žƒ‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‰‡•‹ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ —•‡† ˆ‘” ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ’—”’‘•‡•ǡ ȋ͵Ȍ ƒƒ‰‹‰ –‹‡ǡ†‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ’ƒ‹’”‘‰”‡••‡†•‘–Šƒ– •Žƒ‹  ‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘‹’ƒ‹„‡ ƒ‡‘–Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‡˜‡Ž ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‹ —–‹Ž‹œ‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ –‹‡ǡ ȋͶȌ ‡ƒ†‹‰ƒ† ƒ‹‰ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ•‡ƒ•–‡” •Žƒȋƒ‰Š†ƒ†ȌǤ ‘–‡•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ”‡ ‡‡†‡† ‹ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ ƒ „‡ ™”‹––‡ †‘™ •‘ ƒ• ‘– –‘ ˆ–‡”–Š‡ˆƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡„„ƒ•‹††›ƒ•–›ǡ–Š‡ •Žƒ‹ ™‘”Ž†™ƒ•–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‡† ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ‘ˆ—•‹‘†—‡–‘ƒŽƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•Ǥ „› –Š‡ ƒ››ƒ† †›ƒ•–› ™Š‹ Š †—”‹‰ ‹–• ”‡‹‰ ™ƒ• ‡–‡”‡† ‹ –™‘ œ‘‡•ǡ Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‹• †‡• ”‹’–‹˜‡Ǥ‡• ”‹’–‹˜‡ ‹• ƒ ‡–Š‘† ‘ˆ ƒ‡Ž›‹–Š‡‡•–ȋ ‡–‡”‡†‹’ƒ‹‘”†ƒŽ—•‹ƒȌƒ†‹–Š‡ƒ•–ȋ ‡–‡”‡† ‡šƒ‹‹‰–Š‡•–ƒ–—•‘ˆƒ‰”‘—’‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡƒ‘„Œ‡ –ǡƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ–Š‘—‰Š–ǡ‘”ƒ ‹ ƒƒ• —•ȌǤ’ƒ‹ ™ƒ• ˆ‘”‡”Ž› ‘™ ƒ• †ƒŽ—•‹ƒ™Š‹ Š ‹• ‘™„› Žƒ••‘ˆ‡˜‡–•‹–Š‡’”‡•‡–ȋƒœ‹”ǡʹͲͳͶȌǤŠ‡•–‡’•‘ˆ–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–Š‘† ”ƒ„•ƒ†—•Ž‹•‹–Š‡ „‡”‹ƒ‡‹•—ŽƒǤ†ƒŽ—•‹ƒ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›•’Ž‹–‹–‘–™‘ ƒ”‡ Š‡—”‹•–‹ •ǡ ”‹–‹ ‹•ǡ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† Š‹•–‘”‹‘‰”ƒ’Š›Ǥ ȋͳȌ ‡—”‹•–‹ • ‘” ‘—–”‹‡•ǡƒ‡Ž›’ƒ‹ƒ†‘”–—‰ƒŽǤŠ‡ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‘ˆ’ƒ‹‹•‘”†‘˜ƒǡ™Š‹ Š‹• †ƒ–ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‹• ƒ ’”‘ ‡•• ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– „› ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”• –‘ ‘ŽŽ‡ – Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ –Š‡•‡ƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Šƒ–‡ǡƒ˜‡”›ƒ‰‹ˆ‹ ‡– ‹–›ǡƒ•‹Ž‡–™‹–‡••–‘–Š‡’”‘‰”‡•• •‘—” ‡• ȋ—–‘™‹Œ‘›‘ǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ ȋʹȌ ”‹–‹ ‹• ‹• ‰‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‡ ‡••ƒ”› ‘ˆ •Žƒƒ––Š‡–‹‡Ǥ ƒ”—ƒ•—–‹‘•ƒ‹†–Šƒ–‘”†‘˜ƒ‹•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‡–‡”‘ˆ •‘—” ‡•ǤŠ‹• ”‹–‹ ‹•‹•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘˜‡”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ‡Ž›–‡•–‹‰–Š‡ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–› •Žƒ‹  —Ž–—”‡ ‹ ƒ”ƒ‰–ǡ Œ—•– ƒ• ƒ‰Š†ƒ† ‹• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ•–Ǥ  ƒ‰Š†ƒ†ǡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘—” ‡Ǥ”‹–‹ ‹• ‹• †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ –™‘ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ”‹–‹ ‹• ƒ† ƒ‹–ŽǦ ‹ƒŠƒ†ƒ†”ƒ•ƒŠ‹œƒ‹ƒŠƒ†‹ƒ‹”‘ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ŽǦœŠƒ”ƒ†ƒ” ‹–‡”ƒŽ ”‹–‹ ‹•ȋ—Žƒ‹ ŠƒǡʹͲͲͷȌǤš–‡”ƒŽ ”‹–‹ ‹•‹•ƒ’”‘ ‡••–Šƒ–‡šƒ‹‡• ŽǦ ‹ƒŠǡ™Š‹Ž‡‹‘”†‘˜ƒ–Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‘”†‘˜ƒƒ•ƒ ‡–‡”‘ˆ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡ •‘—” ‡ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ‹• ƒ—–Š‡–‹  ȋ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽȌ ‘” ‘–Ǥ  –Š‹• ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ˆ‘—†‡†„›„†ŽǦƒŠƒ ȋͻʹͻǦͻ͸ͳȌȋƒ•—–‹‘ǡͳͻͻʹȌǤ ”‹–‹ ‹•ǡ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”„‡Ž‹‡˜‡•–Šƒ––Š‡•‘—” ‡–ƒ‡‹•‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡™‘” •Žƒ„‡ ƒ‡–Š‡„‡ƒ ‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ”–‘ˆ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••ˆ‘”—”‘’‡ ‹•–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡†„›’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽƒ†–”—•–™‘”–Š›ˆ‹‰—”‡•Ǥ –‡”ƒŽ ”‹–‹ ‹•‹•†‘‡ •‘ –Šƒ– ™Š‡ •Žƒ „‡‰ƒ –‘ †‡ Ž‹‡ǡ —”‘’‡ ”‘•‡ ˆ”‘ ‹–• ƒ†˜‡”•‹–›ǤŠ‡ ƒˆ–‡” †‡• ”‹„‹‰ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ”‹–‹ ‹•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• —•‡ˆ—Ž ‹ ƒ••‡••‹‰ †—„‹‘—• ’”‘‰”‡••–Šƒ–‘ —””‡†‹•ƒ•‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡”‹•‡‘ˆ—”‘’‡ǡ–Š‹•’”‘‰”‡••‹•‘–‘Ž›‹ •‘—” ‡•Ǥ ‡”‡–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”—•‡•ƒŽ‘–‘ˆ•‘—” ‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡™‘”‘ˆ‘”‹‡–ƒŽ‹•–•ǡ•‘ –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ „—– ’”‘‰”‡•• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ • ‹‡ ‡ ƒ† –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰› –Šƒ– –Š‡ ™‘” ƒ› †‡˜‹ƒ–‡ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ™‘”Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍ –‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘” ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡• –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ •Žƒ ‹ ’ƒ‹ Šƒ• ƒ „‹‰ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒƒ––‡’––‘”‡ƒ••‡••–Š‡•‘—” ‡•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒ†–‡•–‡†–Š‡‹” ’”‘‰”‡••ǤŠ‡’‡ƒ‘ˆ’ƒ‹•Š—•Ž‹‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽƒ Š‹‡˜‡‡–‘ —””‡†‹–Š‡ ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–› –Šƒ– ‹• ‹–‡” ‘‡ –‡† ™‹–Š ‘‡ ƒ‘–Š‡” ȋ—Žƒ‹ Šƒǡ ʹͲͲͷȌǤ ȋͶȌ ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ ‹•–‘”‹‘‰”ƒ’Š›‹•–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ•–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡–Š‘†ˆ‘”•›•–‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‘’‹Ž‹‰‘”  ”‡ ‘•–”— –‹‰–Š‘•‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŠ‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ•‘—” ‡•‹ METHOD  ™”‹––‡ˆ‘”ȋ„†—””ƒŠƒǡͳͻͻͻȌǤ Data Analysis  Data collection      Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•–‡ Š‹“—‡‹•–Š‡‘•–†‡ ‹•‹˜‡•–‡’‹”‡•‡ƒ” Š„‡ ƒ—•‡ Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–Š‘†‹•—•‡†–‘†‹”‡ ––Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”–‘™ƒ”†•’”‘„Ž‡ †ƒ–ƒ ƒƒŽ›•‹• •‡”˜‡• –‘ ‘ Ž—†‡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ  Š‡ ’”‘ ‡•• ‘ˆ •‘Ž˜‹‰ǤŠ‡ ‡–Š‘† ‹•library –Š‡‡–‹”‡ research • ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  •–‡’ —•‡† –‘ ˆ‹† ƒ •‘Ž—–‹‘ –‘ ƒ •‡Ž‡ –‹‰ ƒ† ‡–”ƒŽ‹œ‹‰ †ƒ–ƒǡƒˆ–‡” ‘„–ƒ‹‹‰ †ƒ–ƒǡ –Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ —•– „‡ ’”‘„Ž‡ȋ‹ŽƒŽƒŠ‹ǡʹͲͲͻȌǤŠ‡•–—†›—•‡†“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–Š‘†•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™‡†ˆ‹”•–„› •‡Ž‡ –‹‰ –Š‡ ‘””‡ – †ƒ–ƒ ‡‡†‡† ‹ –Š‹• •–—†›Ǥ‘ ‘„–ƒ‹ ƒ Media and Literature Language, on –Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡•–—†›ȋ Ȍ„›—•‹‰„‘‘•ƒ†‘–Š‡”Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ƒ• Ž‡ƒ” ‘ Ž—•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –”—–Š ƒ† ‹–• —•‡ˆ—Ž‡••Ǥ –‡ Š‹ ƒŽ †ƒ–ƒ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ –Š‡ƒ‹‘„Œ‡ –Ǥ ‹”œƒ“‘ ƒ† —”™‘‘ ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍ •—‰‰‡•––Šƒ– –Š‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ •–—†› ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‹„”ƒ”›”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘”Ž‹„”ƒ”›”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹•ƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•”‡Žƒ–‹‰–‘–Š‡ ‡–Š‘† ƒ„‡ƒƒŽ›œ‡†—•‹‰ ‘–‡–ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤŠ‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ ‘–‡–ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‡–Š‘†• ‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰ Ž‹„”ƒ”› †ƒ–ƒǡ ”‡ƒ†‹‰ ƒ† ”‡ ‘”†‹‰ǡ ƒ† ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‹•–‘Šƒ˜‡ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡‹’ƒ –‘–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”•ƒ†ƒŽ•‘ƒ•ƒ ‘–”‘Ž‡ˆˆ‡ –‘–Š‡ Ž‹„”ƒ”› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ™‹–Š‘—– –Š‡ ‡‡† ˆ‘” ˆ‹‡Ž† ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ȋ‡†ǡ ʹͲͲͶȌǤ ‘–‡–Ǥ Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ˆ‘—” ’”‘ ‡†—”‡• ‹ Ž‹„”ƒ”› ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ‡Ž›ǣ ȋͳȌ ”‡’ƒ”‡

ƒš‡„‡”•ƒ‹†–Šƒ– ‘–‡–ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹•ƒ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–Š‘†—•‹‰ƒ•‡–‘ˆ Media and Literature Language, on ‡“—‹’‡–ǡ™Š‹ Š ƒ„‡‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ•–ƒ–‹‘‡”›ƒ†‘–‡’ƒ’‡”ǡȋʹȌ”‡’ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•–‘ƒ‡˜ƒŽ‹†‹ˆ‡”‡ ‡•ˆ”‘–‡š–•ȋ‹”‹›ƒ–‘ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤŠ‡•–‡’• ™‘”‹‰„‹„Ž‹‘‰”ƒ’Š›ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹•‘—” ‡•–Šƒ– ‘ˆ ‘–‡–ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘ ”ƒ‡‡Žƒ†ƒŽŽ‡ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍƒ”‡ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣȋͳȌ

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 310 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) ,6/$0,163$,1 

Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”†‡ ‹†‡•–Š‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰‘ƒŽ•–‘„‡ƒ Š‹‡˜‡†ǡȋʹȌ‡ˆ‹‹‰‹’‘”–ƒ– –‡”• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† ‹ †‡–ƒ‹Žǡ ȋ͵Ȍ —‹Ž† ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘” ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•–‘†‡• ”‹„‡Š‘™†ƒ–ƒ”‡Žƒ–‡•–‘‰‘ƒŽ•ǡȋͶȌŽƒ‹‰•ƒ’Ž‹‰ǡȋͷȌ ‘”—Žƒ–‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”› ‘†‹‰ȋ‹ƒ”‹Ƭ•‡†”‹ǡʹͲʹͲȌǤ  FINDINGS 

Š‹• “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š —•‡• –Š‹• Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ •–—†›ǡ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘” ™‹ŽŽ †‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ’‹‡ ‡•‘ˆŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡•ǤŠ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ƒ† —ˆ‹• ‹ –Š‡ ‰‘Ž†‡ ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ •Žƒ ‹ ’ƒ‹Ǥ Š‡ ‘–‡• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ’”‘ ‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‹• Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ •–—†› ™‹ŽŽ „‡ †‡• ”‹„‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ‰‡‡”ƒŽ Š‹•–‘”›ˆ‹”•–ƒ†–Š‡™‹ŽŽ„‡†‹• —••‡†‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Š‹•–‘”›ǤŠ‡ ‘ Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ –Š‹••–—†›‹•ƒ”‡•‡ƒ” Š’”‘ ‡••—•‹‰‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ„‘‘•ƒ†–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡†„‘‘•Ǥ ŽŽ†ƒ–ƒ‘„–ƒ‹‡††—”‹‰–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ ‘—”•‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡–Šƒ– „‡ ƒ‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘ —• ‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤ Š‡ ƒ‹• ‘ˆ –Š‹• •–—†› ƒ”‡ǣ ȋͳȌ ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ •Žƒ ‹ ’ƒ‹Ǣ ȋʹȌ ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†—ˆ‹•‹‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ’ƒ‹Ǣȋ͵Ȍ‘™‹‰–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡•™Š‘’Žƒ›‡† ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡‹–Š‡‰‘Ž†‡ƒ‰‡‘ˆ •Žƒ‹’ƒ‹Ǥ DISCUSSION  

Relation of Philosophy and Sufism at the Middle Age Era

  †˜ƒ ‡•‹• ‹‡ ‡Šƒ˜‡Šƒ†ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡‹’ƒ –‘—”‘’‡–Šƒ– ƒ‘–„‡ †‡‹‡†ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹˜ƒŽ‘ˆ •ŽƒǤ –Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆŠ‹Ž‘•‘’Š› Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal ƒ† —ˆ‹•ǡ—•Ž‹ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ• „—‹Ž– ƒ–‹‰Š–”‘’‡‹ –Š‡ Šƒ‹ Ž‹‹‰ ”‡‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ‘ˆ ‡•–‡” ƒ–‹ –Š‘—‰Š–ǤŠ‡‹” ”‘Ž‡ ‹• ˜‡”› „‹‰ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›™Š‡–”›‹‰–‘—‹–‡–Š‡‹†ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–™‹–Š• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‘–‹—‡•–‘‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’Šƒ•‡•ǡ ˆ‘”–Š‡—‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹†ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–”‡“—‹”‡•ƒ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ „‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘Ǥ‹†ƒ†Š‡ƒ”– ‘•–ƒ–Ž›•–”—‰‰Ž‹‰–‘†‘‹ƒ–‡ǡƒ•ˆ”‘–Š‡ –‹‡‘ˆŠƒŽ‡•–‘–Š‡•‘’Š‹•–’••‡•‡’”‡˜ƒ‹Žǡˆ”‘‘ ”ƒ–‡•–‘ ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ‹† ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡™‹ǡ–Š‡‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‰‡•ǡŽ‹˜‡”ȋ’‡‘’Ž‡Š”‹•–‹ƒ•Ȍ Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal ™‹ǡ ’‡”‹‘† ‡• ƒ”–‡• –‘ ƒ–ǡ ”‡ƒ•‘ ™‹• ƒ‰ƒ‹ǡƒ† •‹ ‡ ƒ–ǡ —–‹Ž ‘™ ”‡ƒ•‘ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–Šƒ˜‡„‡‡˜‹ –‘”‹‘—•‹–Š‡‡•–ȋŠ”‹•–‹ƒ•ȌǤ ‘”–Š‡ •Žƒ‹  ™‘”Ž† ‹–•‡Žˆǡ –Š‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒŽ‘•– –Š‡ •ƒ‡Ǥ‹ ‡ –Š‡ ƒ””‹˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ •Žƒǡ

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2)  3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) 311 ,6/$0,163$,1 ,6/$0,163$,1  

Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”†‡ ‹†‡•–Š‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰‘ƒŽ•–‘„‡ƒ Š‹‡˜‡†ǡȋʹȌ‡ˆ‹‹‰‹’‘”–ƒ– ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› •‹ ‡ –Š‡ ͺͲ̵• –‘ ͳʹͲͲ̵•ǡ –Š‡ ‹† ‰‘‡• –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š –Š‡ Š‡ƒ”– –‡”• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† ‹ †‡–ƒ‹Žǡ ȋ͵Ȍ —‹Ž† ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘” ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ ȋƒˆ•‹”ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ Prophetic philosophy ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•–‘†‡• ”‹„‡Š‘™†ƒ–ƒ”‡Žƒ–‡•–‘‰‘ƒŽ•ǡȋͶȌŽƒ‹‰•ƒ’Ž‹‰ǡȋͷȌ •Žƒ‹  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‡• ‘ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› –Šƒ– ‹• †‘‹ƒ–‡† „› ‘”—Žƒ–‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”› ‘†‹‰ȋ‹ƒ”‹Ƭ•‡†”‹ǡʹͲʹͲȌǤ ’”‘’Š‡–‹  ƒ† ”‡˜‡Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ”‡ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‡• ƒ ̶ ̶ǤŠ‡  —”̵ƒƒ† ƒ†‹–Š„‡ ƒ‡–Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆ •Žƒ‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ•’‡ —Žƒ–‹‘ƒ† FINDINGS  ™‡”‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡†„›–Š‡”‡ˆŽ‡ –‹‘•‘ˆ—•Ž‹–Š‹‡”•‘–Š‡ ”‡‡–‡š–Ǥ‡‘ˆ

–Š‡”‡ƒ•‘•™Š›—•Ž‹–Š‹‡”•”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡ ”‡‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›‹•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ˆ”‡‡Ž› –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡† ‹–‘ ”ƒ„‹ ǡ ‡‹–Š‡” Š‹• “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š —•‡• –Š‹• Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ •–—†›ǡ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘” ™‹ŽŽ ˆ”‘ ”‡‡ ‘” †‹”‡ –Ž› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ›”‹ƒ  ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ –‡š–ǤŠ‹• †‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ’‹‡ ‡•‘ˆŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡•ǤŠ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‘˜‡‡–Žƒ•–‡†ˆ”‘͹ͷͲ–‘ͳͲͲͲȋ —ƒ‡†‹Ƭ‹Œƒ›ƒǡʹͲͳͻȌǤ ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ƒ† Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‡–Š‡ƒ‡•‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•ƒ†—ˆ‹•™Š‘Šƒ˜‡’Žƒ›‡†ƒ —ˆ‹• ‹ –Š‡ ‰‘Ž†‡ ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ •Žƒ ‹ ’ƒ‹Ǥ Š‡ ‘–‡• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ˜‡”› Žƒ”‰‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‹–Š‡ •Žƒ‹  ™‘”Ž†ǡ•— Š ƒ• „ ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ ™Š‘ ™ƒ• ƒ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ’”‘ ‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‹• Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ •–—†› ™‹ŽŽ „‡ †‡• ”‹„‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”ƒ†—ˆ‹‹–Š‡ͻ–Š ‡–—”›ǡ‘Ž‘‘„‡ ƒ„‹”‘Žǡƒ ‡™™Š‘Ž‹˜‡† Š‹•–‘”›ˆ‹”•–ƒ†–Š‡™‹ŽŽ„‡†‹• —••‡†‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Š‹•–‘”›ǤŠ‡ ‘ Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ ‹ ƒ •Žƒ‹  ‘—–”›Ǥ– –Š‡ –‹‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘”ƒ˜‹†• ƒ†Ž‘Šƒ†• ƒ”‡ „ –Š‹••–—†›‹•ƒ”‡•‡ƒ” Š’”‘ ‡••—•‹‰‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ„‘‘•ƒ†–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡†„‘‘•Ǥ ƒŒŒƒŠƒ† „Š—ˆƒ‹Žǡ™Š‘™ƒ•„‘”ƒ†‰”‘™‹–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‹ ‘Œ— –‹‘™‹–Š ŽŽ†ƒ–ƒ‘„–ƒ‹‡††—”‹‰–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ ‘—”•‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡–Šƒ– ‡‰’ƒ‹̵• „—•Š†ƒ••— ‡••‘”‹Š‹•–‹‡Š‡‹•˜‡”›ˆƒ‘—•ˆ‘”Š‹•™‹– „‡ ƒ‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘ —• ‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤ Š‡ ƒ‹• ‘ˆ –Š‹• •–—†› ƒ”‡ǣ ȋͳȌ ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ† ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ƒ —‡ǤŠ‡•‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”• ™‡”‡ ‘– ‘Ž› ˆƒ‘—• ‹ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ •Žƒ ‹ ’ƒ‹Ǣ ȋʹȌ ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ •Žƒ‹  ™‘”Ž†ǡ „—– –Š‡‹” ƒ‡• ƒŽ•‘ ‘Ž‘”‡† –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ‘ˆ ‘†‡” ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†—ˆ‹•‹‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ’ƒ‹Ǣȋ͵Ȍ‘™‹‰–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡•™Š‘’Žƒ›‡† ‡•–‡”’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›Ǥ ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡‹–Š‡‰‘Ž†‡ƒ‰‡‘ˆ •Žƒ‹’ƒ‹Ǥ ‹–Š –Š‡ ”ƒ’‹† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‹ –Š‡ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ –Š‡ DISCUSSION  ™‘”Ž†‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›Ǥ‘–Šƒ–ƒ‘”‹‡–ƒŽ‹•–ƒ‡†‘–Š‘‡”›ƒ––†ƒ”‡†–‘  ‘ Ž—†‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•–Šƒ–‡•–‡”• ‹‡ ‡ƒ†’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‘—Ž†‘–†‡˜‡Ž‘’ Relation of Philosophy and Sufism at the Middle Age Era ™‹–Š‘—– –Š‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ —•Ž‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”• ƒ• Šƒ’’‡‡† ‹ ƒ ‹‡– –‹‡• ™Š‡ –Š‡‹” ƒ ‡•–‘”• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ‹– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –‹‡Ǥ”‘‰”‡•• ‹ –Š‹• ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›„‡‰ƒ–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ˆ”‘–Š‡ͻ–Š ‡–—”›—†‡”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’‘ˆ  —Šƒƒ†‹„„†—””ƒŠƒȋͺ͵ʹǦͺͺ͸Ȍȋ„†ƒŽǦƒ†‹̵ǡͳͻ͸ͻȌǤ †˜ƒ ‡•‹• ‹‡ ‡Šƒ˜‡Šƒ†ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡‹’ƒ –‘—”‘’‡–Šƒ– ƒ‘–„‡ •Žƒ‹  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› †—”‹‰ –Š‡ —™ƒŠŠ‹†— ’‡”‹‘† •–‹ŽŽ •‡‡‡† –‘ „‡ †‡‹‡†ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹˜ƒŽ‘ˆ •ŽƒǤ –Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆŠ‹Ž‘•‘’Š› Š‹†‡”‡†ǡ„—––Š‡‹–Š‡ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”›ǡ •Žƒ‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›„‡‰ƒ–‘”‡ƒ Š ƒ† —ˆ‹•ǡ—•Ž‹ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ• „—‹Ž– ƒ–‹‰Š–”‘’‡‹ –Š‡ Šƒ‹ Ž‹‹‰ ”‡‡ –Š‡ ’‡ƒ ‘ˆ ‹–• ’”‘‰”‡•• ȋ‘Ž‹ŠƒŠǡ ʹͲͳͺȌǤ Š‡ ’ƒ‹•Š ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ’‡ƒ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ‘ˆ ‡•–‡” ƒ–‹ –Š‘—‰Š–ǤŠ‡‹” ”‘Ž‡ ‹• ˜‡”› „‹‰ǡ –Šƒ–‘ —””‡†‹ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ –Š‘—‰Š– ™ƒ•„”‘—‰Š– ƒ„‘—– „› –Š‡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›™Š‡–”›‹‰–‘—‹–‡–Š‡‹†ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–™‹–Š• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•™Š‘™‡”‡„‘”–Š‡”‡Ǥ –Š‡Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡ‹–‹•‡š’Žƒ‹‡†ǡ Media and Literature Language, on Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‘–‹—‡•–‘‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’Šƒ•‡•ǡ —–‹Ž ‘™ –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘ •Žƒ‹  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› –Šƒ– ƒ •—”’ƒ•• –Š‡ ‰Ž‘”› –Šƒ– ˆ‘”–Š‡—‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹†ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–”‡“—‹”‡•ƒ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ —””‡†‹ –Š‡ ‹††Ž‡ ‰‡•‹ –Š‡ ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”›ǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ †‡ƒ–Š ‘ˆ „‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘Ǥ‹†ƒ†Š‡ƒ”– ‘•–ƒ–Ž›•–”—‰‰Ž‹‰–‘†‘‹ƒ–‡ǡƒ•ˆ”‘–Š‡ „ —•Š† ȋƒ†ƒ‹ǡ ʹͲͳͷȌǤ ‘–”‘˜‡”•‹ƒŽ –Š‡‡• ‹ •Žƒ‹  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‹ –‹‡‘ˆŠƒŽ‡•–‘–Š‡•‘’Š‹•–’••‡•‡’”‡˜ƒ‹Žǡˆ”‘‘ ”ƒ–‡•–‘ ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ‹† †ƒŽ—•‹ƒƒ”‡‹••—‡•‘ˆ†‹˜‹‹–›ƒ†›•–‹ ‹•Ǥ ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡™‹ǡ–Š‡‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‰‡•ǡŽ‹˜‡”ȋ’‡‘’Ž‡Š”‹•–‹ƒ•Ȍ –‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ —•Ž‹ ’ƒ‹ ‘•‹†‡”• –Š‘—‰Š– ”‹•–‘–‡Ž‡• –”—‡ǡ Žƒ–‘ ™ƒ• ™‹ǡ ’‡”‹‘† ‡• ƒ”–‡• –‘ ƒ–ǡ ”‡ƒ•‘ ™‹• ƒ‰ƒ‹ǡƒ† •‹ ‡ ƒ–ǡ —–‹Ž ‘™ ”‹‰Š–ǡ –Š‡ ‘”ƒ ‹• –”—‡ǡ „—– –Š‡ –”—–Š —•– „‡ ‘Ž› ‘‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ on Language, Literature and Media and Literature Language, on ”‡ƒ•‘ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–Šƒ˜‡„‡‡˜‹ –‘”‹‘—•‹–Š‡‡•–ȋŠ”‹•–‹ƒ•ȌǤ ‘”–Š‡ •Žƒ‹  ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹•‡‡†‡†–‘Šƒ”‘‹œ‡–Š‡–Š”‡‡ǡƒ†–Š‡‹”–ƒ• ™‘”Ž† ‹–•‡Žˆǡ –Š‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒŽ‘•– –Š‡ •ƒ‡Ǥ‹ ‡ –Š‡ ƒ””‹˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ •Žƒǡ ‹•‹’‘•‡†‘ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǤŠ”‹•–‹ƒ• Š‘Žƒ•–‹ •ƒŽ•‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡† –Š‡ •ƒ‡

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 312 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) ,6/$0,163$,1 

’”‘„Ž‡ǡ„—––Š‡‹”–ƒ•™ƒ•ƒ†‡‘”‡†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–†—‡–‘–Š‡‡‡”‰‡ ‡‘ˆ‡™ †‘‰ƒ•ƒ†›•–‡”‹‡•‹–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆŠ”‹•–‹ƒ–Š‡‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ • Šƒ• „‡‡ ‘˜‡›‡† ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ǡ –Š‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ ‹‡– ”‡‡•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘‘‹•–‹  †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› –Š‡ ‡„”‡™ ’”‘’Š‡–• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ”‹ Š‡•– Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ ‡•–‡” ƒ† ƒ•–‡” —Ž–—”‡•ǤŠ‡–Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ —•Ž‹–Š‹‡”•‹ƒ‰Š†ƒ†ƒ†’ƒ‹‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‰‡•ǡ–Š‡–™‘ —””‡–•‘ˆ –Š‘—‰Š– ƒ„‡Šƒ”‘‹œ‡†ƒ†„”‘—‰Š–‹Šƒ”‘›–‘—”‘’‡ǤŠ‡›™‡”‡˜‡”›

‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ ‹ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ™Š‡ ™‡ Ž‘‘ ƒ– –Š‡‘—–’—– ‘„–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•‘ˆ• ‹‡ ‡ǡ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†–Š‡‘Ž‘‰›Ǧ–Š‡‘Ž‘‰› ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡š–ȋ ‹––‹ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‹–Š ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ’”‘‰”‡••ǡ ‡™ ‹†‡ƒ• ‡‡”‰‡† ‹ ‡•–‡” —”‘’‡ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›‹’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–ƒ†–Š‹•„‡ ƒ‡–Š‡•–ƒ”–‹‰’‘‹–ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ̶ƒ” ‰‡•̶ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ †‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ • Š‘Žƒ•–‹ ‹•Ǥ—”‘’‡ƒ• ™‡”‡‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›ƒ––”ƒ –‡†–‘• ‹‡ ‡ǡƒ†’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ•‘–Š‡› ‘—Ž†Ž‹˜‡‘”‡ ‹†‡’‡†‡–Ž›–Šƒ„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†–Š‡›ˆ‡‡Ž–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•–‘–Š‹•†ƒ›Ǥ Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–Š‹‹‰ȋ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›Ȍƒ† —ˆ‹•ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ •‘‡ ƒ”‡ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡•‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ǡ ‹– †‘‡• ‘– ƒ‡ —•Ž‹• †‹˜‹†‡† ‘” †‘‹ƒ–‡ ‘‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‹† ƒ† Š‡ƒ”–Ǥ• ’”‘‘ˆǡ‘’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”‘”—ˆ‹Šƒ•Ž‡ˆ–Š‹•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ǡŽ‡–ƒŽ‘‡ƒ†‘’–‡†ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹• ‘”ƒ–Š‡‹•Ǥƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”̵ƒ–‘–Š‡‹†ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–‹•‘–—–—ƒŽŽ› †‘‹ƒ–—–‹Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›‡‡”‰‡†ƒ†•–‹ŽŽ Ž‹‰•–‘–Š‡• ”‹’–—”‡• ȋƒˆ•‹”ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ —ˆ‹•‹•‘–•‘‡–Š‹‰‡™‹ •Žƒǡ„—–—ˆ‹•–‡ƒ Š‹‰•ƒ”‡ƒ„•‘”„‡† ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›ƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‘’Š‡–ƒ†Š‹• ‘’ƒ‹‘•ǡ‘–ƒ„•‘”„‡†ˆ”‘ ƒ„ƒ•‹•–Šƒ–Šƒ•‘–Š‹‰–‘†‘™‹–Š •Žƒƒ•‡š’Žƒ‹‡†„›–Š‡‘”‹‡–ƒŽ‹•–•ƒ† –Š‡‹” •–—†‡–• ȋ •ƒǡ ʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ  –Š‡ •Žƒ‹  ™‘”Ž†ǡ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ takwil ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”• ƒ† —ˆ‹• ‹• ‘Ž› ‹ –Š‡ ˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹–‡”’”‡–‹‰ –Š‡ takwil • ”‹’–—”‡•ǤŠ‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”• —•—ƒŽŽ› ”‡Ž› ‘ –‘™ƒ”†• ”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ —ˆ‹• Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal —•—ƒŽŽ› ”‡Ž› ‘ –‘™ƒ”†• –ƒ•–‡Ǥ—ˆ‹• ‡‡”‰‡† ‹ •Žƒ †—‡ –‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ”‡ƒ•‘•ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ Š”‹•–‹ƒ‹–›ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ”‡‡ zuhud ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›Ǥ – –Šƒ– –‹‡ zuhud Š”‹•–‹ƒ‹–› –ƒ—‰Š–  ‘” ̶Šƒ–‡ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†̶ǡ –Š‹• ‘—Ž† „‡ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ•‘ ™Š› —ˆ‹•‹ •Žƒ‡‡”‰‡†Ǥ  ”‡‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ›–Šƒ‰‘”ƒ•™‹–ŠŠ‹• –Š‡‘”› ‹• ˜‡”› Ž‹‡Ž› –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ —•Ž‹• ƒ– –Šƒ– –‹‡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ —•Ž‹• ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‡™–Š‡–‡ƒ Š‹‰•ȋ •ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ

Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal  –Š‡ ‹††Ž‡ ‰‡•ǡ ”‡‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ™ƒ• ’‹‘‡‡”‡† „› Ž‘–‹—•ǡ —‰—•–‹—•ǡƒ†•‡Ž—•™Š‘’”‹‘”‹–‹œ‡†–Š‡ƒ• ‡–‹ Ž‹ˆ‡ƒ†Ž‘˜‡‘ˆ ‘†ǡ–Š‹• Šƒ†‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡†–Š‡ •Žƒ‹ —ˆ‹•ƒ––Šƒ––‹‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡”‡‹••‘‡–Š‹‰‘”‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ†Š‹‰Š‡”–Šƒ–Š‡•‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡•ǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡—”̵ƒ‹–•‡ŽˆǤ‹‡–Š‡

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2)  3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) 313 ,6/$0,163$,1 ,6/$0,163$,1  

’”‘„Ž‡ǡ„—––Š‡‹”–ƒ•™ƒ•ƒ†‡‘”‡†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–†—‡–‘–Š‡‡‡”‰‡ ‡‘ˆ‡™ –Š‘—‰Š– ‘ˆ „ ”ƒ„‹ǡ ƒ —ˆ‹ ˆ‹‰—”‡ ˆ”‘ ’ƒ‹ ™Š‘ ™ƒ• „‘” ‹ —” ‹ƒ †‘‰ƒ•ƒ†›•–‡”‹‡•‹–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆŠ”‹•–‹ƒ–Š‡‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ ȋ—”•‹›ƒŠȌ‹ͳͳ͸ͷ™Š‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†–Š‡’ƒ–Š‡‹•–‹ ‹†‡ƒ™Š‹ Š•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ– • Šƒ• „‡‡ ‘˜‡›‡† ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ǡ –Š‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ ‹‡– ‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰‹• ‘†ȋ ‹––‹ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ”‡‡•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘‘‹•–‹  †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› –Š‡ ‡„”‡™ ’”‘’Š‡–• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ —ˆ‹• ‹•ƒŽ•‘’”‘‰”‡••‹‰ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• •Žƒ‹  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‹ ’ƒ‹ǤŠ‡ ”‹ Š‡•– Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ ‡•–‡” ƒ† ƒ•–‡” —Ž–—”‡•ǤŠ‡–Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ —”̵ƒ ‘–ƒ‹•˜ƒ”‹‘—•˜‡”•‡•–Šƒ–‘–‹˜ƒ–‡—ˆ‹•ǡ•— Šƒ•ƒŽǦƒ“ƒ”ƒŠ˜‡”•‡ —•Ž‹–Š‹‡”•‹ƒ‰Š†ƒ†ƒ†’ƒ‹‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‰‡•ǡ–Š‡–™‘ —””‡–•‘ˆ ͳͺ͸ǡƒŽǦƒ“ƒ”ƒŠ˜‡”•‡ͳͳͷǡƒ†ƒŽǦˆƒŽ˜‡”•‡ͳ͹ǤŠ‡•‡˜‡”•‡•ƒ‡—•Ž‹• –Š‘—‰Š– ƒ„‡Šƒ”‘‹œ‡†ƒ†„”‘—‰Š–‹Šƒ”‘›–‘—”‘’‡ǤŠ‡›™‡”‡˜‡”› ’‘•‹–‹‘–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•‡˜‡ Ž‘•‡”–‘ ‘†Ǥ–Š‡”˜‡”•‡•–‡ƒ Š–‘ Ž‡ƒ•‡–Š‡‹†ǡ

‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ ‹ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ™Š‡ ™‡ Ž‘‘ ƒ– ˜‡”•‡• –Šƒ– ƒ‘– „‡ —†‡”•–‘‘† „› ”‡ƒ•‘ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡•‡ ˜‡”•‡• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡‘—–’—– ‘„–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•‘ˆ• ‹‡ ‡ǡ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†–Š‡‘Ž‘‰›Ǧ–Š‡‘Ž‘‰› ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡†–Š‡‡‡”‰‡ ‡‘ˆ—ˆ‹•‹ •ŽƒǤ Philosophy and Sufism Figures at IX and X Century ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡š–ȋ ‹––‹ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ  ‹–Š ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ’”‘‰”‡••ǡ ‡™ ‹†‡ƒ• ‡‡”‰‡† ‹ ‡•–‡” —”‘’‡ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›‹’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–ƒ†–Š‹•„‡ ƒ‡–Š‡•–ƒ”–‹‰’‘‹–ˆ‘”–Š‡   ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ̶ƒ” ‰‡•̶ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ †‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ • Š‘Žƒ•–‹ ‹•Ǥ—”‘’‡ƒ• Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‹ †ƒŽ—•‹ƒ „‡‰ƒ –‘ „‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› ˆ‹‰—”‡• •— Š ƒ• „ ™‡”‡‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›ƒ––”ƒ –‡†–‘• ‹‡ ‡ǡƒ†’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ•‘–Š‡› ‘—Ž†Ž‹˜‡‘”‡ ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠƒŽǦ ƒ„ƒŽ‹ȋͺͺ͵Ǧͻ͵ͳȌƒ†—Žƒ‹ƒ „ ƒ„‹”—ŽƒŽǦ†ƒŽ—•‹ȋͳͲʹͳǦ ‹†‡’‡†‡–Ž›–Šƒ„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†–Š‡›ˆ‡‡Ž–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•–‘–Š‹•†ƒ›Ǥ ͳͲͷͺ Ȍ ƒ• ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”• ‘ˆ ‡‘ǦŽƒ–‘‹• ‹ –Š‡ ‡•–ǡ ™Š‘ ™ƒ• ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ› Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–Š‹‹‰ȋ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›Ȍƒ† ”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘ƒ•Žƒ–‘Ǧ ‡™‹•ŠǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ––Š‹•–‹‡Šƒ†ˆƒ†‡††—‡–‘ —ˆ‹•ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ •‘‡ ƒ”‡ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡•‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ǡ ‹– †‘‡• –Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•—–—ƒ–‹‘ǡ™ƒ”ǡƒ†ƒŽ•‘–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ”—Ž‡”•Ǥƒ –‘Ž‹‰Š–ǡƒ‡Ž› ‘– ƒ‡ —•Ž‹• †‹˜‹†‡† ‘” †‘‹ƒ–‡ ‘‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‹† ƒ† Š‡ƒ”–Ǥ• ‹ –Š‡ ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”› —™ƒŠŠ‹†—Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ˆ‹‰—”‡• ‹ –Š‡ ͻ–Š ƒ† ͳͲ–Š ’”‘‘ˆǡ‘’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”‘”—ˆ‹Šƒ•Ž‡ˆ–Š‹•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ǡŽ‡–ƒŽ‘‡ƒ†‘’–‡†ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹• ‡–—”‹‡•ǣ

‘”ƒ–Š‡‹•Ǥƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”̵ƒ–‘–Š‡‹†ƒ†Š‡ƒ”–‹•‘–—–—ƒŽŽ›  †‘‹ƒ–—–‹Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›‡‡”‰‡†ƒ†•–‹ŽŽ Ž‹‰•–‘–Š‡• ”‹’–—”‡• ͳǤ „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠƒŽǦ ƒ„ƒŽ‹ȋͺͺ͵Ǧͻ͵ͳȌ ȋƒˆ•‹”ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠƒŽǦ ƒ„ƒŽ‹™ƒ•„‘”‹‘”†‘˜ƒ‹ͺͺ͵ƒ††‹‡†‹ —ˆ‹•‹•‘–•‘‡–Š‹‰‡™‹ •Žƒǡ„—–—ˆ‹•–‡ƒ Š‹‰•ƒ”‡ƒ„•‘”„‡† ͻ͵ͳ Ǥ ‡ ‹•‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡• ™Š‘ ’‹‘‡‡”‡† •Žƒ‹  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‹ ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›ƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‘’Š‡–ƒ†Š‹• ‘’ƒ‹‘•ǡ‘–ƒ„•‘”„‡†ˆ”‘ †ƒŽ—•‹ƒǤ†‘’– –Š‘—‰Š– ’Ž‡†‘ ‡• ȋͶͻͲǦͶ͵ͷ Ȍ ȋ ‹––‹ǡ ʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ’ƒ”– ƒ„ƒ•‹•–Šƒ–Šƒ•‘–Š‹‰–‘†‘™‹–Š •Žƒƒ•‡š’Žƒ‹‡†„›–Š‡‘”‹‡–ƒŽ‹•–•ƒ† ˆ”‘„‡‹‰ƒ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”ǡ „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ‹•ƒŽ•‘‘™ƒ•ƒ—ˆ‹„‡ ƒ—•‡ǡ‹ Religion and Philosophy it is –Š‡‹” •–—†‡–• ȋ •ƒǡ ʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ  –Š‡ •Žƒ‹  ™‘”Ž†ǡ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ takwil Š‹• ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ –Š‘—‰Š–ǡ Š‡ –”‹‡• –‘ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‹– ™‹–Š –Š‡ –‡ƒ Š‹‰• ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”• ƒ†takwil —ˆ‹• ‹• ‘Ž› ‹ –Š‡ ˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹–‡”’”‡–‹‰ –Š‡ —ˆ‹•ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š‹ •–ƒ–‡†–Šƒ– „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ‹• • ”‹’–—”‡•ǤŠ‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”• —•—ƒŽŽ› ”‡Ž› ‘ –‘™ƒ”†• ”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ —ˆ‹• ƒ ƒ””‹‡”‘ˆƒ•‡‹Ǧ—ˆ‹•‘” ‘•‹••–›Ž‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ȋ Šƒ‹ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤ —•—ƒŽŽ› ”‡Ž› ‘ –‘™ƒ”†• –ƒ•–‡Ǥ—ˆ‹• ‡‡”‰‡† ‹ •Žƒ †—‡ –‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ  ‘”†‹‰–‘ „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ̵•–Š‘—‰Š–ǡ”‡ƒ•‘ƒ†”‡˜‡Žƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡–™‘ ”‡ƒ•‘•ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡zuhud‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ Š”‹•–‹ƒ‹–›ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ”‡‡ ™ƒ›•„›™Š‹ Š™‡ ƒ‘™ƒ–—”‡ȋ–”—–ŠȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡•‡–™‘’ƒ–Š•ǡ on Language, Literature and Media and Literature Language, on ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›Ǥ –zuhud –Šƒ– –‹‡ ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘ „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ǡƒ‡Ž›™Š‡•‡‡‹‰–Š‡ Š”‹•–‹ƒ‹–› –ƒ—‰Š–  ‘” ̶Šƒ–‡ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†̶ǡ –Š‹• ‘—Ž† „‡ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ•‘ ™Š› –”—–Š—•‹‰ ”‡˜‡Žƒ–‹‘ǡ –‘ ‰‡– –‘ –Š‡‡••‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –”—–Šǡ •–ƒ”–‹‰ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —ˆ‹•‹ •Žƒ‡‡”‰‡†Ǥ  ”‡‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ›–Šƒ‰‘”ƒ•™‹–ŠŠ‹• –Š‡‘”› Š‹‰Š‡•–Ž‡˜‡Žǡƒ‡Ž›ŽŽƒŠǡ–Š‡„›‰‘‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•–ƒ‰‡•‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ› ‹• ˜‡”› Ž‹‡Ž› –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ —•Ž‹• ƒ– –Šƒ– –‹‡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ —•Ž‹• –‘ –Š‡ Ž‘™‡•– •–ƒ‰‡ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ƒ–—”‡Ǥ† ƒ’’Ž› ‹•–‡ƒ† ™Š‡ ™‡ •‡‡ –Š‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‡™–Š‡–‡ƒ Š‹‰•ȋ •ƒǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ –”—–Š—•‹‰”‡ƒ•‘–Š‡‹•–ƒ”–ƒ––Š‡Ž‘™‡•–Ž‡˜‡Ž‹•ƒ–—”ƒŽǡ–Š‡–Š”‘—‰Š  –Š‡ ‹††Ž‡ ‰‡•ǡ ”‡‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ™ƒ• ’‹‘‡‡”‡† „› Ž‘–‹—•ǡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ •–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Œ‘—”‡›ǡ ™‡ ˆ‹ƒŽŽ› ”‡ƒ Š‡† –Š‡ •–ƒ‰‡ ƒ– –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•– —‰—•–‹—•ǡƒ†•‡Ž—•™Š‘’”‹‘”‹–‹œ‡†–Š‡ƒ• ‡–‹ Ž‹ˆ‡ƒ†Ž‘˜‡‘ˆ ‘†ǡ–Š‹• Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ–”—–Š–Šƒ–‹• ‘†ȋ Šƒ‹ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤ on Language, Literature and Media and Literature Language, on Šƒ†‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡†–Š‡ •Žƒ‹ —ˆ‹•ƒ––Šƒ––‹‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡”‡‹••‘‡–Š‹‰‘”‡ ‹–Š–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆŠ‹•”‡ƒ•‘‹‰ǡ „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠƒŽ•‘Š‘’‡†–Šƒ–Š‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ†Š‹‰Š‡”–Šƒ–Š‡•‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡•ǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡—”̵ƒ‹–•‡ŽˆǤ‹‡–Š‡ –Š‘—‰Š–• ‘ ”‡ƒ•‘ ƒ† ”‡˜‡Žƒ–‹‘ ‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ ‡’–‡† ‹ ’ƒ‹•Š

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 314 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) ,6/$0,163$,1 

•‘ ‹‡–›ǤŠ‡ ƒˆ–‡” •‘‡ –‹‡ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• „‡‰ƒ –‘ ƒ’’‡ƒ”ǡ „ ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ ™ƒ• ‘•‹†‡”‡† ˜‡”› ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ ‹ ’”‡’ƒ”‹‰ ˆ—–—”‡ –Š‹‡”• ȋ Šƒ‹ǡ ʹͲͲͲȌ ƒ† ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•ǡ ƒ† Š‡ „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ ’‹‘‡‡” ‹ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡”‡ƒ•‘ƒ†”‡˜‡Žƒ–‹‘ȋ Šƒ‹ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤ

 ʹǤ ‘Ž‘‘„‡ ƒ„”‹‡ŽȋͳͲʹͳǦͳͲͷͺȌ —Žƒ‹ƒ „ ƒ„‹”—ŽƒŽǦ†ƒŽ—•‹ǡ‘™‹—”‘’‡ƒ•‘Ž‘‘„‡ ƒ„‹”‘Žȋ˜‹ ‡„”‘ǡ˜‡ ‡„”‘ŽȌ™ƒ•ƒ ‡™Ǥ ‡™ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–’”‘ˆ‡••‘”‘ˆ‡‘Ǧ Žƒ–‘‹•‹–Š‡‡•–ǡ„‡ ƒ„‹”‘Ž‹•‘ˆ–‡ ƒŽŽ‡†Žƒ–‘Ǧ ‡™‹•ŠǤ‡ ƒ„‹”‘ŽFons vitae™ƒ•„‘”‹ƒŽƒ‰ƒƒ”‘—†ͳͲʹͳƒ††‹‡† ‹ƒŽ‡ ‹ƒƒ”‘—†ͳͲͷͺǤ Š‹• ™‘”ǡ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡† ‹–‘ ƒ–‹ —†‡” –Š‡ –‹–Ž‡ ‹ ͳͳͷͲǡ Šƒ†ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ • Š‘Žƒ•–‹ ‹• ƒ† ‹•’‹”‡†–Š‡ ”ƒ ‹• ƒ• Š‘‘ŽǤŠ‡™‘” ‘–ƒ‹•–Š‡ ‘–‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡‡‘Ǧ Žƒ–‘‹  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ †‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –‡ƒ Š‡” ƒ† Š‹• •–—†‡–• ‹ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒ†Š‘™—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰™Š‘™‡ƒ”‡ ȋ‘—” ƒ–—”‡Ȍ ƒ Š‡Ž’—• ‘™ Š‘™ –‘ Ž‹˜‡ ȋ‘—” ’—”’‘•‡Ȍ ȋ‡••‹ǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ Š‡™‘”‹•‘–ƒ„Ž‡‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ˆ‘”‡š’‘•‹‰–Š‡†‘ –”‹‡ –Šƒ–ƒŽŽ–Š‹‰•ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰–Š‡•‘—Žƒ†–Š‡‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –ǡƒ”‡ ‘’‘•‡†‘ˆƒ––‡” ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒ†ˆ‘”‹–•‡’Šƒ•‹•‘–Š‡†‹˜‹‡™‹ŽŽȋ‡••‹ǡʹͲͳͶȌǤ ‘Ž‘‘ „‡ ƒ„‹”‘Ž Šƒ• •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ™‘”•ǡ ƒ‡Ž›Keter ‘”‡ Malchut –Šƒ ƒ Š—†”‡† ’‘‡•ǡ ™‘”• ‘ˆ „‹„Ž‹ ƒŽ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ƒ† ‡–Š‹ • ȋ‡••‹ǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ ‹• ’‘‡–”› ‹• –Š‡ ‘•– ˆƒ‘—• ƒ‡Ž› ǡ ‹ ™Š‹ Š–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ͻͲͲŽ‹‡•ǡ™Š‹ Š†‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ ‘•‘•ƒ•ƒ™‹–‡••ƒ‰ƒ‹•– Š‹• ”‡ƒ–‹‘„› ‘†ǡ„ƒ•‡†‘• ‹‡–‹ˆ‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ ‘•‘•ƒ––Šƒ– –‹‡‘”‹–Š‡ͳͳ–Š ‡–—”›Ǥ Philosophy and Sufism Figures at XII Century 

  Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal Š‡ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”›‹••‡‡ƒ•–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•– ‡–—”›‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ •Žƒ‹  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–‹†ƒŽ—•‹ƒȋƒ•”—”‹ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ ‡”‡ƒ”‡–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡•†—”‹‰ –Š‡ —”ƒ„‹–— ƒ† —™ƒŠŠ‹†— ’‡”‹‘†• ™Š‘ ’Žƒ›‡† ƒ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ’”‘‰”‡••‹’ƒ‹ǣ

 ͳǤ „ƒŒŒƒŠȋͳͲͺʹǦͳͳ͵ͺȌ Š‡ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”›™ƒ•–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•–‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ—•Ž‹Ǧ’ƒ‹•Š

Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ –Š‹•ƒ„ƒ†ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”™Š‘™ƒ•„‘”‹ ͳͲͺʹ‹ƒ”ƒ‰‘••ƒǡ’ƒ‹ǡƒ‡Ž› „ƒŒŒƒŠ™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽƒ‡„—ƒ” —Šƒƒ† ‹„ƒŠ›ƒ‹„ ƒŽǦŠƒ‹Š ‹„ ƒŒŒƒŠ ƒŽǦ—Œ‹„‹ ƒŽǦ†ƒŽ—•‹ ƒŽǦ ƒ”ƒ‘•–‹Ǥ †ƒŽ—•‹ƒǡŠ‡™ƒ•‘™„›–Š‡ƒ‡‘ˆ„—ƒ”—Šƒƒ†

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2)  3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) 315 ,6/$0,163$,1 ,6/$0,163$,1  

•‘ ‹‡–›ǤŠ‡ ƒˆ–‡” •‘‡ –‹‡ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• „‡‰ƒ –‘ ƒ’’‡ƒ”ǡ „ ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ ‹„ ƒŽǦŠƒ‹Š ‘” „ ƒŒŒƒŠ ™Š‹ Š ‡ƒ• ̶‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ž†•‹–Š̶ǡ ™ƒ• ‘•‹†‡”‡† ˜‡”› ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ ‹ ’”‡’ƒ”‹‰ ˆ—–—”‡ –Š‹‡”• ȋ Šƒ‹ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡˜‡’ƒ ‡ ‘”˜‡’ƒ ‡‹• –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ †‡•‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ™Š‹ Š ‡ƒ• ʹͲͲͲȌ ƒ† ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•ǡ ƒ† Š‡ „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ ’‹‘‡‡” ‹ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ̶•‹Ž˜‡”̶Ǥ „ ƒŒŒƒŠ™ƒ• ƒ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”ǡ • ‹‡–‹•–ǡ †‘ –‘”ǡ —•‹ ‹ƒǡ ƒ† „‡–™‡‡”‡ƒ•‘ƒ†”‡˜‡Žƒ–‹‘ȋ Šƒ‹ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤ ‘‡–ƒ–‘”‘–Š‡–Š‘—‰Š–‘ˆ”‹•–‘–Ž‡ǡ™Š‘•‹ ‡ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‰”‡™—’‹

 ”ƒƒ†ƒǡƒ”ƒ‰‘••ƒǡ‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ƒ††‹‡†‹ ‡œ‹ͳͳ͵ͺȋ—†ƒ”•‘‘ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ ʹǤ ‘Ž‘‘„‡ ƒ„”‹‡ŽȋͳͲʹͳǦͳͲͷͺȌ „ ƒŒŒƒŠ ‹• ƒ —•Ž‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡” ™Š‘ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™• –Š‡ ‡”‹’ƒ–‡–‹  —Žƒ‹ƒ „ ƒ„‹”—ŽƒŽǦ†ƒŽ—•‹ǡ‘™‹—”‘’‡ƒ•‘Ž‘‘„‡ • Š‘‘Ž ‘ˆ ‡‘’Žƒ–‘‹  ȋ‘ŽŽ‹•‘ǡ ʹͲͲͳȌǤ  Š‹• –Š‹‹‰ ™ƒ• — Š ƒ„‹”‘Žȋ˜‹ ‡„”‘ǡ˜‡ ‡„”‘ŽȌ™ƒ•ƒ ‡™Ǥ ‡™ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–’”‘ˆ‡••‘”‘ˆ‡‘Ǧ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡† „› –Š‡ –Š‘—‰Š–• ‘ˆ ƒ•–‡” —•Ž‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ Žƒ–‘‹•‹–Š‡‡•–ǡ„‡ ƒ„‹”‘Ž‹•‘ˆ–‡ ƒŽŽ‡†Žƒ–‘Ǧ ‡™‹•ŠǤ‡ ƒ„‹”‘ŽFons –Š‡ –Š‘—‰Š– ‘ˆ ƒŽǦ ƒ”ƒ„‹ȋͺ͹ͲǦͻͷͲ Ȍ (Syafi’I, 1991), ƒ† „ ‹ƒ ȋͻͺͲǦ vitae™ƒ•„‘”‹ƒŽƒ‰ƒƒ”‘—†ͳͲʹͳƒ††‹‡† ‹ƒŽ‡ ‹ƒƒ”‘—†ͳͲͷͺǤ ͳͲ͵͹ Ȍ ȋ‹ǡ ͳͻͻͻȌǤ Š‹• ‹• „‡ ƒ—•‡ •Žƒ ˆ‹”•– ‡–‡”‡† –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ Š‹• ™‘”ǡ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡† ‹–‘ ƒ–‹ —†‡” –Š‡ –‹–Ž‡ ƒ•–‡” ”‘—–‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘ ˆ‹”•– ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡† ‘–ƒ – ™‹–Š –Š‡ •–—†› ‘ˆ ‹ ͳͳͷͲǡ Šƒ†ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ • Š‘Žƒ•–‹ ‹• ƒ† •Žƒ‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›

‹•’‹”‡†–Š‡ ”ƒ ‹• ƒ• Š‘‘ŽǤŠ‡™‘” ‘–ƒ‹•–Š‡ ‘–‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡‡‘Ǧ  Žƒ–‘‹  ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ †‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –‡ƒ Š‡” ƒ† Š‹• •–—†‡–• ‹ ʹǤ „Š—ˆƒ›ŽȋͳͳͳͲǦͳͳͺͷȌ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒ†Š‘™—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰™Š‘™‡ƒ”‡ ˆ–‡” „ƒŒŒƒŠ†‹‡†ǡŠ‹•’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–™ƒ•–Š‡„”‘—‰Š–ƒ ȋ‘—” ƒ–—”‡Ȍ ƒ Š‡Ž’—• ‘™ Š‘™ –‘ Ž‹˜‡ ȋ‘—” ’—”’‘•‡Ȍ ȋ‡••‹ǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ •–‡’ˆ—”–Š‡”„›„—ƒ”—Šƒƒ†‹„̵„†ƒŽǦƒŽ‹‹„Š—ˆƒ›ŽǡŠ‡™ƒ• Š‡™‘”‹•‘–ƒ„Ž‡‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ˆ‘”‡š’‘•‹‰–Š‡†‘ –”‹‡ ƒ‡‘ǦŽƒ–‘‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”™Š‘•–—†‹‡†‡†‹ ‹‡‹ ”ƒƒ†ƒǡƒ†™ƒ•ƒ –Šƒ–ƒŽŽ–Š‹‰•ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰–Š‡•‘—Žƒ†–Š‡‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –ǡƒ”‡ ‘’‘•‡†‘ˆƒ––‡” ƒ†˜‹•‘”ƒ† Š‹‡ˆ’Š›•‹ ‹ƒ–‘–Š‡ ‘—”–‘ˆ–Š‡—™ƒŠŠ‹†—†›ƒ•–›†—”‹‰ ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒ†ˆ‘”‹–•‡’Šƒ•‹•‘–Š‡†‹˜‹‡™‹ŽŽȋ‡••‹ǡʹͲͳͶȌǤ –Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Šƒ–‡‘ˆ„—ƒ̵“—„—•—ˆȋͳͳ͸͵ǦͳͳͺͶȌǤ‡‹‰ƒƒ†˜‹•‡”ƒ† Š‹‡ˆ ‘Ž‘‘ „‡ ƒ„‹”‘Ž Šƒ• •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ™‘”•ǡ ƒ‡Ž›Keter ‘”‡ Malchut –Šƒ ƒ Š‡ƒŽ‡” ‹• ƒ †—ƒŽ ’‘•‹–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‹• —•—ƒŽŽ› ‡˜‡” ‡ ‘—–‡”‡† ‹ ƒ •Žƒ‹  Š—†”‡† ’‘‡•ǡ ™‘”• ‘ˆ „‹„Ž‹ ƒŽ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ƒ† ‡–Š‹ • ‘—–”›Ǥ ‡ ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ –‡ƒ Š‡” ‘ˆ „ —•Š†Ǥ  ͳͳͺʹǡ Š‡ ‰ƒ˜‡ —’ Š‹• ȋ‡••‹ǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ ‹• ’‘‡–”› ‹• –Š‡ ‘•– ˆƒ‘—• ƒ‡Ž› ǡ ‹ ’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ• ‘—”–’Š›•‹ ‹ƒƒ†’”‘’‘•‡†–‘–Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Š–‘„‡”‡’Žƒ ‡†„› „ ™Š‹ Š–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ͻͲͲŽ‹‡•ǡ™Š‹ Š†‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ ‘•‘•ƒ•ƒ™‹–‡••ƒ‰ƒ‹•– —•Š†™Š‘™ƒ•‘™ƒ•ƒ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”Ǥ Š‹• ”‡ƒ–‹‘„› ‘†ǡ„ƒ•‡†‘• ‹‡–‹ˆ‹ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ ‘•‘•ƒ––Šƒ– „—Š—ˆƒ›Ž ™ƒ• „‘” ‹ ͳͳͳͲ  ƒ† †‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ —™ƒŠŠ‹†— Hayy ibn Yaqzhan –‹‡‘”‹–Š‡ͳͳ–Š ‡–—”›Ǥ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ ‘ˆ ‘”‘ ‘ ‹ ͳͳͺͷǤ ‹• ™‘” ‹• ƒ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ ‘˜‡Ž Philosophy and Sufism Figures at XII Century  ‡–‹–Ž‡† ȋŠ‡‹˜‹‰ǡ‘‘ˆ‘• ‹‘—•‡••Ȍǡ–Š‡‡••‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹–• ‘–‡– ‹• –Šƒ– Š—ƒ• ƒ”‡ „‘” ™‹–Š –Š‡‹” ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ’‘”–‹‘•ǡ   ™‹–Š‘—– ™Š‹ Š ™‹–Š‘—– –Š‡ •Ž‹‰Š–‡•– ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘ǡ –Š‡› ƒ ‰ƒ‹ Š‡ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”›‹••‡‡ƒ•–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•– ‡–—”›‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ •Žƒ‹  ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡” ™‘”Ž†ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ› ˆ‹† –Š‡‹” ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–‹†ƒŽ—•‹ƒȋƒ•”—”‹ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ ‡”‡ƒ”‡–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡•†—”‹‰ †‡’‡†‡ ‡‘–Š‡Ž–‹ƒ–‡‡ƒŽ‹–›ǤŠ‹••–‘”›‹•–Š‡‘•–‘”‹‰‹ƒŽƒ†‘ ‡ –Š‡ —”ƒ„‹–— ƒ† —™ƒŠŠ‹†— ’‡”‹‘†• ™Š‘ ’Žƒ›‡† ƒ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ –Š‡‘•–‡–‡”–ƒ‹‹‰‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡Ǥ Media and Literature Language, on ’”‘‰”‡••‹’ƒ‹ǣ Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –‘ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡ ‹–‘ ƒ–‹ ™ƒ• †™ƒ”† ‘ ‘ ‡ǡ –Š‡ ›‘—‰ Robinson Crusoe  ȋͳ͸͹ͳȌǡ ‘•–Ž› –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡† ‹–‘ —”‘’‡ƒ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•ǡ Žƒ–‡” —– Š ȋͳ͸͹ʹȌǡ ͳǤ „ƒŒŒƒŠȋͳͲͺʹǦͳͳ͵ͺȌ —••‹ƒȋͳͻʹͲȌǡƒ†’ƒ‹•Šȋͳͻ͵ͶȌǤŠ‡‘˜‡Žǡ‡–‹–Ž‡† ǡ‹• Š‡ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”›™ƒ•–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•–‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ—•Ž‹Ǧ’ƒ‹•Š ‘•‹†‡”‡†„›•‘‡–‘„‡„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‹•’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ”‘ƒ ‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡‘”› ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ –Š‹•ƒ„ƒ†ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”™Š‘™ƒ•„‘”‹ —•‡†‹•–Š‡–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ˜‘Ž—–‹‘ǤŠ‡ „Š—ˆƒ›Ž ‘’‘•‡†Š‹•™‘”ǡŠ‡ ͳͲͺʹ‹ƒ”ƒ‰‘••ƒǡ’ƒ‹ǡƒ‡Ž› „ƒŒŒƒŠ™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽƒ‡„—ƒ” „‘””‘™‡† Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•ˆ”‘–Š‡•Š‘”–•–‘”›„› „‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡–‹–Ž‡ǡ„—– on Language, Literature and Media and Literature Language, on —Šƒƒ† ‹„ƒŠ›ƒ‹„ ƒŽǦŠƒ‹Š ‹„ ƒŒŒƒŠ ƒŽǦ—Œ‹„‹ ƒŽǦ†ƒŽ—•‹ ƒŽǦ Š‡†”‡™‹•’‹”ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”™”‹–‡”••‹ ‡ƒŽǦ ƒ”ƒ„‹Ǥ ƒ”ƒ‘•–‹Ǥ †ƒŽ—•‹ƒǡŠ‡™ƒ•‘™„›–Š‡ƒ‡‘ˆ„—ƒ”—Šƒƒ† 

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 316 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) ,6/$0,163$,1 

͵Ǥ „—•Š†ȋͳͳʹ͸ǦͳͳͻͺȌ ‡š– ‹• „ —•Š†ǡ ƒ —•Ž‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”™Š‘ Šƒ† ƒ Š—‰‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ ’ƒ‹ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡•–‡” ™‘”Ž†Ǥ ‡ ™ƒ•ƒ’ƒ‹•ŠǦ”ƒ„‹  ƒ•–”‘‘‡”ǡ ’Š›•‹ ‹ƒǡ —†‰‡ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ ‘‡–ƒ–‘” ‘ ”‹•–‘–Ž‡Ǥ „ —•Š†̵•ˆ—ŽŽƒ‡™ƒ•„—ƒŽǦƒŽ‹†—Šƒƒ†‹„Šƒ†‹„—•Š†Ǥ  —”‘’‡ǡ „ —•Š† ‹• „‡––‡” ‘™ „› ƒ› ƒ‡•ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ „ ‘•†‹ǡ ‹ŽŽ‹—•‘•ƒ†‹•ǡ „—•‹†ǡ„‡†ƒ•†ǡ„‡—•–ǡ˜‡”‘•–ǡ˜‡”›œǡ †˜‡”‘›•ǡ ‡”‘›•–ǡ ˜‡”‘›–Šǡ ƒ† ˜‡””‘‹•–ƒǤˆ –Š‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ƒ‡•ǡ –Š‡ ‘•– ’‘’—Žƒ” ƒ”‡ ˜‡””‘‡• ƒ† „ ƒ•Š‹†ǤŠ‡ ƒ‡ ˜‡””‘‡• ‹• ƒ ‡–ƒ‘”’Š‘•‹• ‘ˆ ‹„ ‘ Š† ‹ –Š‡ ƒ–‹ –”ƒ•Ž‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ‹„ —•Š† –Š”‘—‰Šƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡•‹„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘’”‘ ‡••ˆ”‘ ”ƒ„‹ –‘‘–Š‡”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•ȋŽǦ ŠƒœƒŽ‹ǡǤ†ǤȌǤ qadhi‘”‹‘”†‘˜ƒ‹ͳͳʹ͸ –‘ƒ†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡†ˆƒ‹Ž›–Šƒ–Šƒ•‰‹˜‡ „‹”–Š–‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ–Š‡‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ•ƒ†Œ—†‰‡•Ǥ ͳͳ͸ͻǦͳͳ͹ͳǡ „—•Š†•‡”˜‡† ƒ•ƒ ȋ ”ƒ† —†‰‡Ȍ‹‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡƒ†–™‘›‡ƒ”•Žƒ–‡”‹‘”†‘˜ƒǤ––Šƒ– –‹‡ ‘”†‘˜ƒ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•„‡–™‡‡’ƒ‹ ƒ† ƒ”ƒƒ•Š†—”‹‰–Š‡ƒŽ‹’ŠƒŽǦƒ•—”ȋƒ”ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ „—•Š†‹•™”‹––‡ƒ• –Š‡‘Ž› •Žƒ‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”™Š‘™ƒ•„‘”ƒ†‰”‡™—’‹ƒˆƒ‹Ž›–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ‡Œ—”‹•–•ƒ†Œ—†‰‡•ǤŠ‹• ƒ’”‘˜‡–Šƒ– „—•Š†Šƒ†‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡ ‡ ƒ† –‡ƒ ‹–› ‹ •‡‡‹‰ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ Š‡ Šƒ• ˆ—ŽŽ› ‹Š‡”‹–‡† –Š‡ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆŠ‹•ˆƒ‹Ž›™Š‘ƒ•–‡”‡†˜ƒ”‹‘—•†‹• ‹’Ž‹‡•–Šƒ–‡š‹•–‡†‹Avempace Š‹•–‹‡Ǥ ”‘ •‘‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† –Šƒ– „ ƒŒŒƒŠ ȋ Ȍ ™ƒ•–Š‡–‡ƒ Š‡”‘ˆ „—•Š†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒŒ‹† ƒ”Š›†‹†‘–‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‹•ǡ „—–”ƒ–Š‡”ƒˆ‹‰—”‡™Š‘‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡† „—•Š†̵•˜‹‡™•ƒ†™ƒ•”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ”‹•–‘–Ž‡̵• •–—†‹‡• ‹ ƒŽǦ†ƒŽ—•ǤŽ ƒŒŒƒŠ ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ† ƒ ˆƒ‹”Ž› Ž‘•‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™‹–Š „Š—ˆƒ›Žǡ‘ˆ™Š‘Š‡™ƒ•ƒ ‘—”–Š‡ƒŽ‡”Ǥ „Š—ˆƒ›Ž‹• of the ƒ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆŽ‘™ ‘ˆ ‹ŽŽ—‹ƒ–‹‘ ȋ •Š”ƒ“‹Ȍ ‘” ›•–‹ ƒŽ •›’ƒ–Š›

Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal output ™Š‘ Šƒ• ’Žƒ›‡† ƒ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ †‡–‡”‹‹‰ –Š‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ „ Š—ˆƒ›Ž ‹–”‘†— ‡† „ —•Š† –‘ –Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Š„—ƒ̵“—„—•—ˆ‹ͳͳ͸ͻǡ–Š‡’”ƒ‹•‡†Š‹ˆ‘”Š‹••Šƒ”’‡••‹ƒ”– ȋ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ȌǤ Š‡‹ͳͳͺʹǡŠ‡”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ƒ ƒŽŽˆ”‘„—ƒ̵“—„—•—ˆƒ• ƒŽ‹’Šƒ– –Šƒ– –‹‡ǡ ƒ† ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ „ —•Š† ™ƒ• ‘”†‡”‡† –‘ ”‡’Žƒ ‡ „—Š—ˆƒ›Ž ƒ• ‘—”–’Š›•‹ ‹ƒǤ ͳͳͻͶƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡Œ—”‹•–•ƒ†—•—ˆ̵••‘•™‡”‡Œ‡ƒŽ‘—•

Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘•‡‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Š ƒ† „ —•Š†ǡ •‘ •Žƒ†‡”ƒ† ‹ ‹–‡‡–•’”‡ƒ†–‘ –Š‡ ƒŽ‹‹ Œ—”‹•–• ™Š‘ ”‡Œ‡ –‡† –Š‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ •–—†‹‡•’”‡•‡–‡†„› „—•Š†™‹–Šƒ —•ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆŠ‡”‡•›‘Š‹••–—†‹‡•Ǥ Š‹•’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•Ǥ—”‹‰‡š‹Ž‡ǡŠ‡‡˜‡”‰ƒ˜‡—’‘ ‹” —•–ƒ ‡•ǡ

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2)  3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) 317 ,6/$0,163$,1 ,6/$0,163$,1  

͵Ǥ „—•Š†ȋͳͳʹ͸ǦͳͳͻͺȌ Š‹•Ž‘˜‡ˆ‘”• ‹‡ ‡ǡ”‡ƒ†‹‰ǡ™”‹–‹‰‡˜‡”†‹‡†ǤŠ‡‹”Ž‘˜‡ˆ‘”• ‹‡ ‡‰ƒ˜‡ ‡š– ‹• „ —•Š†ǡ ƒ —•Ž‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”™Š‘ Šƒ† ƒ Š—‰‡ „‹”–Š–‘Š‹• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”–‘„‡ƒˆ‘”‰‹˜‹‰ƒ†–‘Ž‡”ƒ–’‡”•‘Ǥ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ ’ƒ‹ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡•–‡” ™‘”Ž†Ǥ ‡ ™ƒ•ƒ’ƒ‹•ŠǦ”ƒ„‹  ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š „—•Š†™ƒ•˜‡”›Š—„Ž‡ƒ†•Š‘™‡†ƒ™‹•‡ƒ––‹–—†‡ ƒ•–”‘‘‡”ǡ ’Š›•‹ ‹ƒǡ —†‰‡ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ ‘‡–ƒ–‘” ‘ ”‹•–‘–Ž‡Ǥ „ –Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ–‡ƒ Š‡”™Š‘ƒŽ™ƒ›•‰ƒ˜‡‹•–”— –‹‘•ƒ†‡Ž‹‰Š–‡‡– —•Š†̵•ˆ—ŽŽƒ‡™ƒ•„—ƒŽǦƒŽ‹†—Šƒƒ†‹„Šƒ†‹„—•Š†Ǥ  –‘–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ǤŠ‡•–”‘‰ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Šƒ†Š‹Šƒ†–‘ —”‘’‡ǡ „ —•Š† ‹• „‡––‡” ‘™ „› ƒ› ƒ‡•ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ „ ‡† Œ—•– Ž‹‡ –Šƒ–ǡ –Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Š †‹•‹••‡† „ —•Š† ˆ”‘ Š‹• ’‘•‹–‹‘ ƒ• ƒ ‘•†‹ǡ ‹ŽŽ‹—•‘•ƒ†‹•ǡ „—•‹†ǡ„‡†ƒ•†ǡ„‡—•–ǡ˜‡”‘•–ǡ˜‡”›œǡ Š‡ƒŽ‡”‘”†‘ –‘”Ǥ˜‡–Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Š™ƒ•‘ ‡‘”†‡”‡†–‘„—”–Š‡™‘”•‘ˆ „ †˜‡”‘›•ǡ ‡”‘›•–ǡ ˜‡”‘›–Šǡ ƒ† ˜‡””‘‹•–ƒǤˆ –Š‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ƒ‡•ǡ –Š‡ —•Š†‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”Š‹•™‘”•™Š‹ Š†‹• —••‡†’—”‡• ‹‡ ‡•‘Ž›Ǥ „—•Š† ‘•– ’‘’—Žƒ” ƒ”‡ ˜‡””‘‡• ƒ† „ ƒ•Š‹†ǤŠ‡ ƒ‡ ˜‡””‘‡• ‹• ƒ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†ƒŽ‹ˆ‡‘ˆ‡š‹Ž‡‹ƒ•›ƒƒŠȋŽǦ““ƒ†ǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ‡–ƒ‘”’Š‘•‹• ‘ˆ ‹„ ‘ Š† ‹ –Š‡ ƒ–‹ –”ƒ•Ž‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ‹„ —•Š† ˆ–‡” ͳ ›‡ƒ” Šƒ† ’ƒ••‡†ǡ –Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Š ”‡˜‘‡† Š‹• •‡–‡ ‡ ƒ† „ –Š”‘—‰Šƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡•‹„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘’”‘ ‡••ˆ”‘ —•Š†Šƒ†–‘„‡”‡Šƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡†ƒ‰ƒ‹Ǥ‘–Ž‘‰ƒˆ–‡”ǡŠ‡™ƒ•Žƒ–‡” ƒŽŽ‡†„ƒ  ”ƒ„‹ –‘‘–Š‡”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•ȋŽǦ ŠƒœƒŽ‹ǡǤ†ǤȌǤ –‘ ƒ””ƒ‡ Šǡ –Š‡†‹‡†‹ –Šƒ– ‹–›ǡ ’”‡ ‹•‡Ž› ‘ ‡ ‡„‡” ͳͲǡ ͳͳͻͺ qadhi‘”‹‘”†‘˜ƒ‹ͳͳʹ͸ –‘ƒ†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡†ˆƒ‹Ž›–Šƒ–Šƒ•‰‹˜‡ Ȁͷͻͷ ƒ––Š‡ƒ‰‡‘ˆ͹ʹ›‡ƒ”•ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†͹ͷ›‡ƒ”• „‹”–Š–‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ–Š‡‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ•ƒ†Œ—†‰‡•Ǥ ͳͳ͸ͻǦͳͳ͹ͳǡ „—•Š†•‡”˜‡† ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘ ‹Œ”‹ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‹•„‘†›™ƒ•–Š‡–”ƒ•ˆ‡””‡†–‘‘”†‘˜ƒǤ ƒ•ƒ ȋ ”ƒ† —†‰‡Ȍ‹‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡƒ†–™‘›‡ƒ”•Žƒ–‡”‹‘”†‘˜ƒǤ––Šƒ– ”‘–Š‡ƒ‡˜‡””‘‡•ǡ–Š‡ƒ‡˜‡””‘‹•‡‡”‰‡†ǡ–Š‡ƒ‡‘ˆ –‹‡ ‘”†‘˜ƒ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•„‡–™‡‡’ƒ‹ ƒ† ƒ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡”• ‘ˆ „——•Š† ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›Ǥ „——•Š† ƒ”ƒƒ•Š†—”‹‰–Š‡ƒŽ‹’ŠƒŽǦƒ•—”ȋƒ”ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ „—•Š†‹•™”‹––‡ƒ• ™ƒ•˜‡”›ƒ•–—–‡‹ƒ•‹‰Š‹•–Š‘—‰Š–•‘’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†–Š‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›‘ˆ –Š‡‘Ž› •Žƒ‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”™Š‘™ƒ•„‘”ƒ†‰”‡™—’‹ƒˆƒ‹Ž›–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ ”‹•–‘–Ž‡ǡ Š‡ ”ƒ–‡† ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• ‘•–Ž› ‘””‡ – ƒ† ‘ ™Š‹ Š „‡ ƒ „‡ ƒ‡Œ—”‹•–•ƒ†Œ—†‰‡•ǤŠ‹• ƒ’”‘˜‡–Šƒ– „—•Š†Šƒ†‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡ ‡ ƒ– ŠǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ•‘‡ ƒŽŽ Š‹ –Š‡•‡ ‘†–‡ƒ Š‡” ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –‡ƒ Š‡” ƒ† –‡ƒ ‹–› ‹ •‡‡‹‰ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ Š‡ Šƒ• ˆ—ŽŽ› ‹Š‡”‹–‡† –Š‡ –Š‡ Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡” ‘” ”‹•–‘–Ž‡ǤŠ‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ ‘ˆ „ —•Š† ƒ• ƒ †‘ –‘” ™ƒ• ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆŠ‹•ˆƒ‹Ž›™Š‘ƒ•–‡”‡†˜ƒ”‹‘—•†‹• ‹’Ž‹‡•–Šƒ–‡š‹•–‡†‹Avempace †”‘™‡† ‘—– „› –Š‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ ‘ˆ „——•Š† ƒ• ƒ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡” ƒ† Š‹•–‹‡Ǥ ‘‡–ƒ–‘”Ǥ ”‘ •‘‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† –Šƒ– „ ƒŒŒƒŠ ȋ Ȍ ‘‡–•Ǧ ‘‡–• ˜‡””‘‡• —•—ƒŽŽ› –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡ ‹–‘ ‡„”‡™ ‘” ™ƒ•–Š‡–‡ƒ Š‡”‘ˆ „—•Š†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒŒ‹† ƒ”Š›†‹†‘–‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‹•ǡ ƒ–‹Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‘ˆ ‡„”‡™ǤŠ‡”‡‹•ƒ ‘‡–ƒ”›–Šƒ–‹•‹”ƒ„‹ ‹•“—‹–‡ Tahafut al-Tahafut „—–”ƒ–Š‡”ƒˆ‹‰—”‡™Š‘‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡† „—•Š†̵•˜‹‡™•ƒ†™ƒ•”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ƒ„‹–Ǥ „—•Š††‹†‘–Ž‡ƒ˜‡ƒ•— ‡••‘”‹–Š‡ •Žƒ‹ ™‘”Ž†Ǥ˜‡””‘‡•̵ ˆ‘” ”‹•–‘–Ž‡̵• •–—†‹‡• ‹ ƒŽǦ†ƒŽ—•ǤŽ ƒŒŒƒŠ ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ† ƒ ˆƒ‹”Ž› Ž‘•‡ ‘•– ˆƒ‘—• ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ ™‘” ‹• ȋŠ‡ Šƒ‘• ‘ˆ Tahafut al-Falasifah ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™‹–Š „Š—ˆƒ›Žǡ‘ˆ™Š‘Š‡™ƒ•ƒ ‘—”–Š‡ƒŽ‡”Ǥ „Š—ˆƒ›Ž‹•of the Šƒ‘•Ȍǡ ‹ ”‡•’‘•‡ –‘ ƒŽǦ ŠƒœƒŽ‹̵• –Š‘—‰Š–• ‘ ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹• ‹ Š‹• ™‘” ƒ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”output ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆŽ‘™ ‘ˆ ‹ŽŽ—‹ƒ–‹‘ ȋ •Š”ƒ“‹Ȍ ‘” ›•–‹ ƒŽ •›’ƒ–Š› ‡–‹–Ž‡† ȋŠ‡ Šƒ‘• ‘ˆŠ‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ȌǤ‹–Š –Š‹• ™‘”ǡ ™Š‘ Šƒ• ’Žƒ›‡† ƒ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ †‡–‡”‹‹‰ –Š‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘ „——•Š†„‡ ƒ‡˜‡”›ˆƒ‘—•‹–Š‡ •Žƒ‹ ™‘”Ž†ǤŠ‹Ž‡ƒ‘‰ ‡™• ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ „ Š—ˆƒ›Ž ‹–”‘†— ‡† „ —•Š† –‘ –Š‡ ƒ† Š”‹•–‹ƒ•ǡ Š‡ ‹• ‘‘Ž› ‘™ ƒ• ƒ ‘‡–ƒ–‘” ‘ ”‹•–‘–Ž‡̵• Tahafut al Falasifah ƒŽ‹’Š„—ƒ̵“—„—•—ˆ‹ͳͳ͸ͻǡ–Š‡’”ƒ‹•‡†Š‹ˆ‘”Š‹••Šƒ”’‡••‹ƒ”– ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ‘”ƒ ‘‡–ƒ–‘”‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‰‡•Ǥ Media and Literature Language, on ȋ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ȌǤ ‹•ƒ™‘”–Šƒ–™ƒ•†‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‡Ž›ŽǦ ŠƒœƒŽ‹ ‘”ƒŽ Š‡‹ͳͳͺʹǡŠ‡”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ƒ ƒŽŽˆ”‘„—ƒ̵“—„—•—ˆƒ• ƒŽ‹’Šƒ– „›Ǧ•–”‡– Š‡†”‹‰Š––‘‹•–ƒ‡ •Žƒ‹ –‡ƒ Š‹‰•ǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ––Š‡–Š‘—‰Š–‘ˆ false –Šƒ– –‹‡ǡ ƒ† ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ „ —•Š† ™ƒ• ‘”†‡”‡† –‘ ”‡’Žƒ ‡ „—Š—ˆƒ›Ž ƒ• ƒŽǦ ƒ”ƒ„‹ƒ†˜‹ ‡ƒ™‡”‡–‘„‡–”—‡ǤŠ‡‡••‡ ‡‘ˆŠ‹•„‘‘‹•–Šƒ–ƒŽǦ ‘—”–’Š›•‹ ‹ƒǤ ͳͳͻͶƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡Œ—”‹•–•ƒ†—•—ˆ̵••‘•™‡”‡Œ‡ƒŽ‘—• ŠƒœƒŽ‹•‡–ʹͲ“—‡•–‹‘•ƒ• •‘–Šƒ–ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆŠ‹•„‘‘–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡͵ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘•‡‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒŽ‹’Š ƒ† „ —•Š†ǡ •‘ •Žƒ†‡”ƒ† “—‡•–‹‘•™Š‹ ŠŠ‡ ‘•‹†‡”•‹ˆ‹†‡Ž•ǤŠ‹•‡ƒ•–Šƒ–Š‡Šƒ•†‹•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡† ‹ ‹–‡‡–•’”‡ƒ†–‘ –Š‡ ƒŽ‹‹ Œ—”‹•–• ™Š‘ ”‡Œ‡ –‡† –Š‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ –Š‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•Ǥ on Language, Literature and Media and Literature Language, on •–—†‹‡•’”‡•‡–‡†„› „—•Š†™‹–Šƒ —•ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆŠ‡”‡•›‘Š‹••–—†‹‡•Ǥ „ —•Š† ƒ†‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽƒ––‡’–• –‘ ”‡ˆ—–‡ ƒŽǦ ŠƒœƒŽ‹ Š‹•’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•Ǥ—”‹‰‡š‹Ž‡ǡŠ‡‡˜‡”‰ƒ˜‡—’‘ ‹” —•–ƒ ‡•ǡ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ† †‡ˆ‡† –Š‡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”• ™Š‘ Šƒ† „‡‡ †‹•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡†

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 318 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) ,6/$0,163$,1 

‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”Ǥ „—•Š† Žƒ”‹ˆ‹‡†„›Šƒ”‘‹œ‹‰–Š‡Šƒ”‘‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ ƒ† ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ –Š‹• Žƒ”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ™ƒ• ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›‘—–Ž‹‹‰–Š‡–”—‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ„‘—–‹••—‡• –Šƒ–™‡”‡†‹•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡†ƒ†”‡ˆ—–‹‰ƒŽǦ ŠƒœƒŽ‹„› ‘„‹‹‰–Š‡̶‡””‘”•̶‘ˆ Š‹•’‡” ‡’–‹‘Ǥ „—•Š††‹†‹–„›–Š‹‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‹‹–‡”’”‡–‹‰ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘†‘‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ„—–Š‡•–‹ŽŽ Ž—‰–‘–Š‡•‘—” ‡‘ˆ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ ‹–•‡Žˆǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡—”̵ƒǤ –ƒ”–‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”› —–‹Ž –Š‡ ͳ͸–Š ‡–—”›ǡ ˜‡””‘‹• ‘–‹—‡† –‘ ’Žƒ› ƒ †‘‹ƒ– ”‘Ž‡ǡ „—– –Š‹• †‹† ‘– ”—Ž‡ ‘—– –Š‡ƒ› ”‡ƒ –‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”–Š‘†‘š ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ —•Ž‹• ‹ ’ƒ‹ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‘‰–Š‡ƒŽ—†‹ ’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ†–Š‡–Š‡Š”‹•–‹ƒ’”‹‡•–•‡‡”‰‡††—‡–‘ –Š‡ •‡ –Ǥ –Š‹• –Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ „ —•Š† ‘–‹—‡† –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –Š‹‹‰ ƒ†ƒ••‡”–‡† –Šƒ– ‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰ǡ ƒ’ƒ”– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ –‡ƒ Š‹‰• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆƒ‹–Š –Šƒ– ƒ‡†‘™–Š”‘—‰Š”‡˜‡Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘—Ž†„‡•—„†—‡†ƒ†‘„‡›‡†–Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘• ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ•‘ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š Š‡ ‹• ‘– ƒ ˆ”‡‡ –Š‹‡” ‘” ƒ–Š‡‹•–Ǥ ‹• ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ‘†̵• ”‡ƒ–‹‘ ‹• –Š‡ ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‹•ǡ ‘– ƒ “—‡•–‹‘ ‘ˆ –‹‡ „—– ‘ˆ ‡–‡”‹–›Ǥ‹–Š ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ƒ —•ƒ–‹‘• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘”–Š‘†‘š ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‡”‰› ƒ† ‘–Š‡”•ǡ–Š‡‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ‘˜‡‡–‹‹–‹ƒ–‡†„› „—•Š†”‡ƒ‹‡†ƒ –‹˜‡ —–‹Ž ‹– „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‡Ž‡‡– ‹ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ —”‘’‡ƒ –Š‘—‰Š–ƒ†‰ƒ˜‡„‹”–Š–‘‘†‡”‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ǡ–Š‡”‡ tasawwuf ‹• –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘™‡” Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ –Š‘—‰Š–ǡ ƒ‡Ž› –Š‡ ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‡ƒ”– ȋ”ƒ•ƒȌǤŠ‹• ’ƒ–Š ‹• ƒŽŽ‡† –Š‡ ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ ›•–‹ ‹• ‘” ‹ •ŽƒǤŠ‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†—ˆ‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†•‹†‡„›•‹†‡ ‹’ƒ‹‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‰‡•Ǥ

 ͶǤ „̵”ƒ„‹ǢŠƒ›ŠŽǦ„ƒ”ŽǦŠ—ˆ‹ȋͳͳ͸ͷǦͳʹͶͲȌ Š‡‘•–ˆƒ‘—•—ˆ‹‹–Š‡‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ’‡”‹‘†™ƒ•ƒ”ƒ„Ǧ’ƒ‹•Š Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal ›•–‹ ƒ‡†„—ƒ”—Šƒƒ†‹„Ž‹ƒŽǦŠƒ–ƒ‹ƒŽǦŠƒŽ‹ƒŽǦ†ƒŽ—•‹ ȋͳͳ͸ͷǦͳʹͶͲȌǡ–Š‡‘•–ˆƒ‘—•—ˆ‹‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ—ˆ‹•™Š‘™Š‡ ‹–Š‡ƒ•–™ƒ•‘™ƒ• „”ƒ„‹Ǥǡ‹–Š‡‡•–‘™ƒ• „—”ƒ“ƒŠǡƒŽǦ

Šƒ›Š ƒŽǦ„ƒ” ȋ‘ –‘” ƒš‹—•Ȍǡ —Š›‹††‹ǡ ƒ† ‡˜‡ ‡‘ Ž‘–‹—• ȋƒƒ”ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ  ‡™ƒ•„‘”‹—” ‹ƒȋ—”•‹›ƒŠȌ‹ͳͳ͸ͷƒ†•’‡–’ƒ”–‘ˆ Š‹•Ž‹ˆ‡‹‡˜‹ŽŽ‡—–‹ŽͳʹͲͳǦͳʹͲʹǡ™Š‡Š‡ƒ†‡–Š‡’‹Ž‰”‹ƒ‰‡ǡ–Š‡ Š‡Ž‹˜‡†‹ƒƒ• —•ƒ††‹‡†–Š‡”‡‹ͳʹͶͲǤ ‡‹•„—”‹‡†‹ƒƒ• —•ǡ

Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal –‘„‡‡šƒ –Ǥ‹ƒ‘•“—‡Ǥ ‡ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‰”‡™—’‹ƒˆƒ‹Ž›™‹–Šƒ•–”‘‰—ˆ‹–”ƒ†‹–‹‘Ǥ—–Š‡ ’”‡ˆ‡”•–‘•–—†›–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǦ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ–”ƒ†‹–‹‘™Š‹ Š™ƒ• ‰”‘™‹‰ ”ƒ’‹†Ž› ‹ ’ƒ‹ǡ •’‡ƒ”Š‡ƒ†‡† „› „ —•Š† ƒ• ƒ ‰”‡ƒ– ˆ‹‰—”‡ ƒ–

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2)  3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) 319 ,6/$0,163$,1 ,6/$0,163$,1  

desultory eclectic ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”Ǥ „—•Š† Žƒ”‹ˆ‹‡†„›Šƒ”‘‹œ‹‰–Š‡Šƒ”‘‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ –Šƒ– –‹‡Ǥ‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ‹•–Š‡ ‘ˆ—•‹‘ –Šƒ– ‘ —””‡† ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‘ˆ „ ƒ† ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡ –Š‹• Žƒ”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ̵”ƒ„‹‹•‘™ƒ•‹””‡‰—Žƒ”ȋ Ȍƒ†‡ Ž‡ –‹ ȋ ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹– ™ƒ• ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›‘—–Ž‹‹‰–Š‡–”—‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ„‘—–‹••—‡• ‹•’”‡ ‹•‡™‹–Š–Š‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ƒ•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‡”‘ˆ’ƒ–”‹ƒ” ŠƒŽ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›–Šƒ– –Šƒ–™‡”‡†‹•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡†ƒ†”‡ˆ—–‹‰ƒŽǦ ŠƒœƒŽ‹„› ‘„‹‹‰–Š‡̶‡””‘”•̶‘ˆ Š‡ •— ‡‡†‡† ‹ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ Š‹ –‘ „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹œ‡ Š‹• •’‹”‹–—ƒŽ wahdat al-Manifest Š‹•’‡” ‡’–‹‘Ǥ „—•Š††‹†‹–„›–Š‹‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‹‹–‡”’”‡–‹‰ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ƒ• ƒ ›•–‹  ‹–‘ ƒ ‹ˆŽ—‡–‹ƒŽ ‡–ƒ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ –Š‡‘”›ǡ ™Š‹ Š al-Shaykh al-Akbar ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘†‘‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ„—–Š‡•–‹ŽŽ Ž—‰–‘–Š‡•‘—” ‡‘ˆ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ „‡ ƒ‡‘™ƒ•–Š‡–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ ȋƒƒ”ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ‹–•‡Žˆǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡—”̵ƒǤ ‘” Š‹• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡”•ǡ „ ”ƒ„‹ ‹• ‘” –Š‡ ”‡ƒ– al-Futuhat al- –ƒ”–‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͳʹ–Š ‡–—”› —–‹Ž –Š‡ ͳ͸–Š ‡–—”›ǡ ‡ƒ Š‡”Ǥ ‹• ›•–‹ ƒŽ –‡ƒ Š‹‰• ƒ”‡ ‡„‘†‹‡† ‹ Š‹• ƒƒœ‹‰ Makkiyah Fushush al-Hikam ˜‡””‘‹• ‘–‹—‡† –‘ ’Žƒ› ƒ †‘‹ƒ– ”‘Ž‡ǡ „—– –Š‹• †‹† ‘– ”—Ž‡ ‘—– ™‘”•Ǥ‘‰ Š‹• ƒ› ™‘”•ǡ –Š‡ ‘•– ‹ˆŽ—‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ƒ› ”‡ƒ –‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”–Š‘†‘š ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ —•Ž‹• ‹ ’ƒ‹ǡ –Š‡ ȋŠ‡˜‡‹Ž‹‰‘ˆ‡ ƒȌƒ† ȋŠ‡‘ ‡–•‘ˆKimiyya al- ƒ‘‰–Š‡ƒŽ—†‹ ’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ†–Š‡–Š‡Š”‹•–‹ƒ’”‹‡•–•‡‡”‰‡††—‡–‘ ‹•†‘ȌǤSa'adah  –Š‡ •‡ –Ǥ –Š‹• –Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ „ —•Š† ‘–‹—‡† –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –Š‹‹‰  Šƒ’–‡” ͳ͸͹ǡ–Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‡–‹–Ž‡† ƒ†ƒ••‡”–‡† –Šƒ– ‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰ǡ ƒ’ƒ”– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ –‡ƒ Š‹‰• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆƒ‹–Š –Šƒ– alȋŠ‡‹•–”›-Isra; ila Maqam ƒ’’‹‡••Ȍǡ al-Asra ™Š‹ Š ‘–ƒ‹• ƒ ƒŽŽ‡‰‘”› ‡•‘–‡”‹ ǡ ƒ‡†‘™–Š”‘—‰Š”‡˜‡Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘—Ž†„‡•—„†—‡†ƒ†‘„‡›‡†–Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘• Ž‹‡‹‰ƒ’”‘ ‡••‘ˆŠ—ƒƒ• ‡––‘Š‡ƒ˜‡ǤŠ‡”‡‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ‘–Š‡”™‘”ǡ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ•‘ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š Š‡ ‹• ‘– ƒ ˆ”‡‡ –Š‹‡” ‘” ƒ–Š‡‹•–Ǥ ‹• ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ‘†̵• ‡–‹–Ž‡† ȋ‹‰Š– ‘—”‡›–‘–Š‡‡ƒȌ„—–‘–›‡– ”‡ƒ–‹‘ ‹• –Š‡ ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‹•ǡ ‘– ƒ “—‡•–‹‘ ‘ˆ –‹‡ „—– ‘ˆ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†Ǥ ‹–ǡŠ‡Ž‹‡•–Š‡–Š‡‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‘’Š‡–̵•ƒ• ‡––‘–Š‡•‡˜‡–Š ‡–‡”‹–›Ǥ‹–Š ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ƒ —•ƒ–‹‘• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘”–Š‘†‘š ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‡”‰› ƒ† Š‡ƒ˜‡Ǥ

‘–Š‡”•ǡ–Š‡‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ‘˜‡‡–‹‹–‹ƒ–‡†„› „—•Š†”‡ƒ‹‡†ƒ –‹˜‡  —–‹Ž ‹– „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‡Ž‡‡– ‹ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ —”‘’‡ƒ ͳǤ „ƒ„̵‹ȋάͳʹͳ͹Ǧͳʹ͸ͲȌ –Š‘—‰Š–ƒ†‰ƒ˜‡„‹”–Š–‘‘†‡”‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ „ƒ„̵‹™‹–ŠŠ‹•ˆ—ŽŽƒ‡„——Šƒƒ†̵„†ƒŽǦ ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡tasawwufǡ–Š‡”‡ ƒ““ ‹„ ƒ„̵‹ ȋ Ǥ ͳʹͳ͹Ǧͳʹ͸ͲȌǡ Šƒ† •‹‹Žƒ” –Š‘—‰Š–• –‘ „ ”ƒ„‹Ǥ ‹• ‹• –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘™‡” Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ –Š‘—‰Š–ǡ ƒ‡Ž› –Š‡ ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‹ —ˆ‹ ‹” Ž‡• ƒ—•‡† ƒ›al-Ajwibah' ’‡‘’Ž‡ –‘an „‡al Œ‡ƒŽ‘—•ǡ-As'ilah ˆ‘”al- Š‡ƒ”– ȋ”ƒ•ƒȌǤŠ‹• ’ƒ–Š ‹• ƒŽŽ‡† –Š‡ ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ ›•–‹ ‹• ‘” ‹ Siqiliyah‡šƒ’Ž‡ ǡ—–ƒŽǦ‹ȋ–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ȌǤ™Šƒ–ƒ†‡Š‹ˆƒ‘—•ƒ‘‰ •ŽƒǤŠ‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†—ˆ‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†•‹†‡„›•‹†‡ —ˆ‹• ‹• –Šƒ– ™Š‡ Š‡‰ƒ˜‡ Š‹• ƒ•™‡”•ǡ ‹’ƒ‹‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡‰‡•Ǥ ȋ•™‡”• –‘ –Š‡ ‹ ‹Ž‹ƒ —‡•–‹‘•Ȍǡ Š‹• ƒ•™‡”• •‡‡‡†

 ‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ„‘—––Š‡‹‘”–ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆƒ––‡”ǡ–Š‡ƒ–—”‡ǡƒ†‹‘”–ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ ͶǤ „̵”ƒ„‹ǢŠƒ›ŠŽǦ„ƒ”ŽǦŠ—ˆ‹ȋͳͳ͸ͷǦͳʹͶͲȌ –Š‡ •‘—Ž ‘ˆ –Š‡‘„Œ‡ – ‘ˆ –Š‡‘Ž‘‰›ǡ ƒ† •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —•—ƒŽ “—‡•–‹‘• ˆ”‘ Asrar al- Š‡‘•–ˆƒ‘—•—ˆ‹‹–Š‡‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ’‡”‹‘†™ƒ•ƒ”ƒ„Ǧ’ƒ‹•Š Hikmah ”‡†‡”‹  al -Masyriqiyah ‘ˆ ‘Š‡•–ƒ—ˆ‡ ’‘•‡† „› –Š‡ —™ƒŠŠ‹†— ƒŽ‹’Š ̵„† ƒŽǦ ›•–‹ ƒ‡†„—ƒ”—Šƒƒ†‹„Ž‹ƒŽǦŠƒ–ƒ‹ƒŽǦŠƒŽ‹ƒŽǦ†ƒŽ—•‹ ƒŠ‹† ƒŽǦƒ•Š‹† ȋͳʹ͵ʹǦͳʹͶʹȌǤ ‹• „‡•– ™‘”‹• ƒ „‘‘ ‡–‹–Ž‡† ȋͳͳ͸ͷǦͳʹͶͲȌǡ–Š‡‘•–ˆƒ‘—•—ˆ‹‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ—ˆ‹•™Š‘™Š‡ ȋŠ‡ ‹•†‘ ‘ˆ ŽŽ—‹ƒ–‡† Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›Ȍǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹–Š‡ƒ•–™ƒ•‘™ƒ• „”ƒ„‹Ǥǡ‹–Š‡‡•–‘™ƒ• „—”ƒ“ƒŠǡƒŽǦ Šƒ•‘–›‡–„‡‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡†Ǥ Media and Literature Language, on

Šƒ›Š ƒŽǦ„ƒ” ȋ‘ –‘” ƒš‹—•Ȍǡ —Š›‹††‹ǡ ƒ† ‡˜‡ ‡‘ Ž‘–‹—• ”‘—† –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š‹”–‡‡–Š ‡–—”›ǡ”ƒ„‹  • ‹‡ ‡ ƒ† ȋƒƒ”ǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ  ‡™ƒ•„‘”‹—” ‹ƒȋ—”•‹›ƒŠȌ‹ͳͳ͸ͷƒ†•’‡–’ƒ”–‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›™‡”‡–”ƒ•ˆ‡””‡†–‘—”‘’‡ǡƒ†–Š‡™‘”‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ‹ƒ”†•ƒ• Š‹•Ž‹ˆ‡‹‡˜‹ŽŽ‡—–‹ŽͳʹͲͳǦͳʹͲʹǡ™Š‡Š‡ƒ†‡–Š‡’‹Ž‰”‹ƒ‰‡ǡ–Š‡ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”‹‡• †‹† ƒ ˜‡”› ‰‘‘† Œ‘„ǤŠ‡ ƒ Š‹‡˜‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•– Š‡Ž‹˜‡†‹ƒƒ• —•ƒ††‹‡†–Š‡”‡‹ͳʹͶͲǤ ‡‹•„—”‹‡†‹ƒƒ• —•ǡ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••‹‘Ž‡†‘Šƒ•’”‘ ‡‡†‡†ƒ•‹–•Š‘—Ž†ǡˆ”‘‘‡ƒ”‡ƒ–‘ –‘„‡‡šƒ –Ǥ‹ƒ‘•“—‡Ǥ ƒ‘–Š‡”ǡ –‘ ‡”ƒ›ǡ ‡–”ƒŽ —”‘’‡ǡ ƒ† ”‡ƒ– ”‹–ƒ‹ǤŠ‡ ‡š Šƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ‡ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‰”‡™—’‹ƒˆƒ‹Ž›™‹–Šƒ•–”‘‰—ˆ‹–”ƒ†‹–‹‘Ǥ—–Š‡ ‡‹••ƒ”‹‡•„‡–™‡‡ ‡”ƒ‹‰•‹–Š‡‘”–Šƒ†—•Ž‹”—Ž‡”•‹’ƒ‹ on Language, Literature and Media and Literature Language, on ’”‡ˆ‡”•–‘•–—†›–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǦ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ–”ƒ†‹–‹‘™Š‹ Š™ƒ• ™ƒ•ˆ”‡“—‡–ƒ†™ƒ•‡˜‹†‡ ‡†„›–Š‡•— ‡••‘ˆ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••Ǥ ‰”‘™‹‰ ”ƒ’‹†Ž› ‹ ’ƒ‹ǡ •’‡ƒ”Š‡ƒ†‡† „› „ —•Š† ƒ• ƒ ‰”‡ƒ– ˆ‹‰—”‡ ƒ– 

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 320 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) ,6/$0,163$,1 

CONCLUSIONS 

†ƒŽ—•‹ƒ‹•ƒƒ‡‘™‹–Š‡”ƒ„ƒ† •Žƒ‹ ™‘”Ž†ˆ‘”–Š‡ „‡”‹ƒ ‡‹•—ŽƒǤ†ƒŽ—•‹ƒ‘™ †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡•ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ’ƒ‹ ƒ† ‘”–—‰ƒŽǤ •Žƒ—†‡”–‘‘ƒ‡š’‡†‹–‹‘–‘’ƒ‹Ž‡†„›Šƒ”‹ˆ„‹ƒŽ‹ǤŠ‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡•™Š‘’Žƒ›‡†ƒƒŒ‘””‘Ž‡„‡•‹†‡•Šƒ”‹ˆ™‡”‡ƒ”‹“„‹‹›ƒ†ƒ†—•ƒ „‹—•Šƒ‹”Ǥ •Žƒ‹’ƒ‹Šƒ•ƒ„‹‰”‘Ž‡‹‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••ǤŠ‡’‡ƒ‘ˆ

’ƒ‹•Š—•Ž‹‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽƒ Š‹‡˜‡‡–‘ —””‡†‹–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ –Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ƒ‡• ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•ƒ† —ˆ‹•™Š‘ Šƒ† ƒ ˜‡”› Žƒ”‰‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‹–Š‡ •Žƒ‹  ™‘”Ž† ‹ ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ ’ƒ‹ǡƒ‘‰ ‘–Š‡”•ǡ •— Š ƒ• „ ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ ȋͺͺ͵Ǧͻ͵ͳ Ȍǡ ‘Ž‘‘ „‡ ƒ„‹”‘Ž ȋͳͲʹͳǦͳͲͷͺ Ȍ ™Š‘ ™ƒ• ƒ ‡™‹•Šˆ‹‰—”‡„—–ƒŽ•‘ ‘–”‹„—–‡††‡• ”‹„‡•Š‹•™‘”‹ •Žƒ‹  ‘—–”‹‡•ƒ•–Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‹ –Š‡ ƒ•– ‘ˆ ’ƒ‹Ǥ—”‹‰ –Š‡—”ƒ„‹–— ƒ† —™ƒŠŠ‹†—’‡”‹‘†•ǡ „ ƒŒŒƒŠ ȋͳͲͺʹǦͳͳ͵ͺ Ȍ ƒ† „ Š—ˆƒ‹ŽȋͳͳͳͲǦͳͳͺͷȌ™‡”‡„‘”ƒ†‰”‡™—’‹’ƒ‹ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ƒ• „—•Š†ȋͳͳʹ͸ǦͳͳͻͺȌƒ•–Š‡•— ‡••‘”™Š‘‹Š‹•–‹‡™ƒ•˜‡”›ˆƒ‘—• ˆ‘”Š‹•‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡ ‡Ǥƒ†‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽƒ —‹–›Ǥ‹–Š‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••ǡ‡™‹†‡ƒ•

‡‡”‰‡† ‹ ‡•–‡” —”‘’‡ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ –Š‘—‰Š– ƒ† –Š‹• „‡ ƒ‡–Š‡•–ƒ”–‹‰’‘‹–ˆ‘”–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡̶ƒ”‰‡•̶Ǥ ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡tasawwuf ǡ–Š‡”‡‹• –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ Ž‘™‡”ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž –Š‹‹‰ǡ ƒ‡Ž› –Š‡ Š‡ƒ”– ȋ”ƒ•ƒȌ ’ƒ–ŠǤŠ‹• ’ƒ–Š ‹• ƒŽŽ‡† –Š‡ ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ ›•–‹ ‹• ‘” ‹ •ŽƒǤŠ—•ǡ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†—ˆ‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†•‹†‡„›•‹†‡‹’ƒ‹‹–Š‡ ‹††Ž‡‰‡•ǤŠ‡ „”ƒ„‹ȋͳͳ͸ͷǦͳʹͶͲȌǡ „ƒ„̵‹ȋͳʹͳ͹Ǧͳʹ͸ͲȌǡƒ†

‹–™ƒ•”‡ ‘”†‡†‹•‘‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡–Šƒ– „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ƒ—ˆ‹™Š‘–‘‘ ’ƒ”–‹‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••‹’ƒ‹Ǥ Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal  SUGGESTIONS 

‹–Š –Š‹• ’ƒ’‡”ǡ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘” ”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡• –Šƒ– ‹ ™”‹–‹‰ ƒ • ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  ’ƒ’‡” ™‹–Š–Š‡–‹–Ž‡̶Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†—ˆ‹•ƒ––Š‡ ‘Ž†‡‰‡”ƒ‘ˆ •Žƒ‹’ƒ‹̶‹• •–‹ŽŽˆƒ”ˆ”‘’‡”ˆ‡ –ǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”Š‘’‡•–Šƒ––Š‹••‹’Ž‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š™‹ŽŽ

Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal „‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒ‡• ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•–‘‘–Š‡”•Ǥ Š‡–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–‘„‡—•‡ˆ—Žƒ†’”‘˜‹†‡• ‹‡–‹ˆ‹ –”‡ƒ•—”‡• ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ •Žƒ ‹ –Š‡ ‹††Ž‡ ‰‡• ‹ ’ƒ‹ǤŠ‹•’ƒ’‡”†‘‡•‘–‡ƒƒ›–Š‹‰‹ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”• ƒ‘––ƒ‡Ž‡••‘•

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2)  3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) 321 ,6/$0,163$,1 ,6/$0,163$,1  

CONCLUSIONS  ˆ”‘–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”Ǥ‘ˆƒ”ǡ™Šƒ–™‡‘™‹•–Šƒ–’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†—ˆ‹•‘””‡ƒ•‘

ƒ† Š‡ƒ”– ‘Ž› †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡•–ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‡ƒ• –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ‘Ǧ —•Ž‹•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ™‹–Š–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”ǡ™‡ ƒŽ‡ƒ”ƒŽ‡••‘–Šƒ–‹–Š‡ƒ•–‘”–Š‡ †ƒŽ—•‹ƒ‹•ƒƒ‡‘™‹–Š‡”ƒ„ƒ† •Žƒ‹ ™‘”Ž†ˆ‘”–Š‡ „‡”‹ƒ •Žƒ‹  ™‘”Ž†ǡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ƒ† —ˆ‹• Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽ•‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ”ƒ’‹†Ž› ƒ†

‡‹•—ŽƒǤ†ƒŽ—•‹ƒ‘™ †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡•ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ’ƒ‹ ƒ† •— ‡‡†‡† ‹ ’”‘†— ‹‰ ˆƒ‘—• ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”• ƒ† —ˆ‹• ™Š‘ „‡ ƒ‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‘”–—‰ƒŽǤ •Žƒ—†‡”–‘‘ƒ‡š’‡†‹–‹‘–‘’ƒ‹Ž‡†„›Šƒ”‹ˆ„‹ƒŽ‹ǤŠ‡ ‘†‡Ž•ˆ‘”’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•‹–Š‡‡•–‡”™‘”Ž†‹–Š‡‡š– ‡–—”›Ǥ 

ˆ‹‰—”‡•™Š‘’Žƒ›‡†ƒƒŒ‘””‘Ž‡„‡•‹†‡•Šƒ”‹ˆ™‡”‡ƒ”‹“„‹‹›ƒ†ƒ†—•ƒ 

„‹—•Šƒ‹”Ǥ •Žƒ‹’ƒ‹Šƒ•ƒ„‹‰”‘Ž‡‹‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••ǤŠ‡’‡ƒ‘ˆ REFERENCES ’ƒ‹•Š—•Ž‹‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽƒ Š‹‡˜‡‡–‘ —””‡†‹–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ –Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ al-Islam Fi Isbaniya, Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ƒ‡• ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”•ƒ† —ˆ‹•™Š‘ Šƒ† ƒ ˜‡”› Žƒ”‰‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‹–Š‡ •Žƒ‹  ™‘”Ž† ‹ ‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ ’ƒ‹ǡƒ‘‰ ‘–Š‡”•ǡ •— Š ƒ• „ „† ƒŽǦƒ†‹̵ǡ Ǥȋͳͻ͸ͻȌǤ ƒ–ƒ„ƒŠ ƒŽǦƒŠ†Šƒ† ƒŽǦ ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ ȋͺͺ͵Ǧͻ͵ͳ Ȍǡ ‘Ž‘‘ „‡ ƒ„‹”‘Ž ȋͳͲʹͳǦͳͲͷͺ Ȍ ™Š‘ ™ƒ• ƒ ‹•Š”‹›ƒŠǤƒ‹”‘Ǥ Metode Penulisan Sejarah ‡™‹•Šˆ‹‰—”‡„—–ƒŽ•‘ ‘–”‹„—–‡††‡• ”‹„‡•Š‹•™‘”‹ •Žƒ‹  ‘—–”‹‡•ƒ•–Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‹ –Š‡ ƒ•– ‘ˆ ’ƒ‹Ǥ—”‹‰ „†—””ƒŠƒǡ ǤȋͳͻͻͻȌǤ Ǥ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ ‘‰‘• ƒ ƒƒ –Š‡—”ƒ„‹–— ƒ† —™ƒŠŠ‹†—’‡”‹‘†•ǡ „ ƒŒŒƒŠ ȋͳͲͺʹǦͳͳ͵ͺ Ȍ ƒ† „ Ž—Ǥ Ibn Rushd: Sang Filosof, Mistikus, Fakih dan Š—ˆƒ‹ŽȋͳͳͳͲǦͳͳͺͷȌ™‡”‡„‘”ƒ†‰”‡™—’‹’ƒ‹ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ƒ• ŽǦ““ƒ†ǡDokterǤ, ǤȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ „—•Š†ȋͳͳʹ͸ǦͳͳͻͺȌƒ•–Š‡•— ‡••‘”™Š‘‹Š‹•–‹‡™ƒ•˜‡”›ˆƒ‘—• Ihya Ulumuddin ˆ‘”Š‹•‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡ ‡Ǥƒ†‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽƒ —‹–›Ǥ‹–Š‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••ǡ‡™‹†‡ƒ• –”ƒ•ǤŠƒŽ‹ˆ—””ƒŠƒ ƒ–ŠǤ“‹”–ƒ•Ǥ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǤ

‡‡”‰‡† ‹ ‡•–‡” —”‘’‡ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹ ƒŽ –Š‘—‰Š– ƒ† –Š‹• ŽǦ ŠƒœƒŽ‹ǡ Seratus ǤǤǤǡ —œ ǡ’ǤTokoh dalamʹͻͻǤ Islam „‡ ƒ‡–Š‡•–ƒ”–‹‰’‘‹–ˆ‘”–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡̶ƒ”‰‡•̶Ǥ ‹ǡ ǤǤȋͳͻͻͻȌǤ Lima Puluh Ǥƒ†—‰ǣFilosof ‡ƒŒƒDunia‘•†ƒƒ”›ƒ YangǤ ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ǡ–Š‡”‡‹• tasawwuf ‘ŽŽ‹•‘ǡMenggerakkan ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ,  –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ Ž‘™‡”ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž –Š‹‹‰ǡ ƒ‡Ž› –Š‡ Š‡ƒ”– ȋ”ƒ•ƒȌ ’ƒ–ŠǤŠ‹• ’ƒ–Š ‹• ƒŽŽ‡† –Š‡ ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ ›•–‹ ‹• ‘” ‹ •ŽƒǤŠ—•ǡ –Š‡ –”ƒ•Ǥ Žœƒ—††‹ ƒ̵—” ƒ† —ˆ–‹ Ž‹Ǥ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ ƒŒƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†—ˆ‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†•‹†‡„›•‹†‡‹’ƒ‹‹–Š‡ ”ƒˆ‹†‘‡”•ƒ†ƒǤ ‹††Ž‡‰‡•ǤŠ‡ „”ƒ„‹ȋͳͳ͸ͷǦͳʹͶͲȌǡ „ƒ„̵‹ȋͳʹͳ͹Ǧͳʹ͸ͲȌǡƒ†  › Ž‘’‡†‹ƒ ̶”‹•–‘–Ž‡̶Ǥȋͳͻͷ͹ȌǤ ‡†ǤŠ‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡š‹‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ‘ƒ”†ǡ ‘„Ž‡ ‹–™ƒ•”‡ ‘”†‡†‹•‘‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡–Šƒ– „ƒ•ƒ””ƒŠ™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ƒ—ˆ‹™Š‘–‘‘ ’ƒ”–‹‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘‰”‡••‹’ƒ‹Ǥ —„Ž‹•Š‹‰‘”’Ǥ‹–‡†–ƒ–‡•‡”‹ ƒ  SUGGESTIONS ”‹›ƒ–‘ǡ ǤȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ‡‰ƒ”—Š‘–‹˜ƒ•‹ǡ‹•‹’Ž‹†ƒ‡’‡‹’‹ƒ–‡”Šƒ†ƒ’  ”‘†—–‹˜‹–ƒ•‡‰ƒ™ƒ‹’ƒ†ƒƒ–‘”ƒƒ–‡‰‰ƒ”‘‰‘–ƒƒ„—’ƒ–‡Ekonomia, 2 on Language, Literature and Media and Literature Language, on —–ƒ‹‡”–ƒ‡‰ƒ”ƒǤFilsafat dan AgamaȋͳȌǡͳͳͻ, ǦͳʹͷǤ ‹–Š –Š‹• ’ƒ’‡”ǡ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘” ”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡• –Šƒ– ‹ ™”‹–‹‰ ƒ • ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  ’ƒ’‡” Šƒ‹ǡǤǤȋʹͲͲͲȌǤ –”ƒ•Ǥƒ‹ˆ—ŽŽƒŠƒ†Šƒ† ƒ”—“Ǥ ™‹–Š–Š‡–‹–Ž‡̶Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†—ˆ‹•ƒ––Š‡ ‘Ž†‡‰‡”ƒ‘ˆ •Žƒ‹’ƒ‹̶‹• ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒEncyclopediaǣ—•–ƒƒ‡ŽƒŒƒ” of IslaǤ m (Concise), •–‹ŽŽˆƒ”ˆ”‘’‡”ˆ‡ –ǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”Š‘’‡•–Šƒ––Š‹••‹’Ž‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š™‹ŽŽ ‹Žƒ•‡ǡ Ǥȋͳͻͻ͸ȌǤ –”ƒ•Ǥ —ˆ”‘ Ǥ ƒ•̵ƒ†‹Ǥ „‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒ‡• ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•–‘‘–Š‡”•Ǥ ƒŒƒ ”ƒˆ‹†‘‡”•ƒ†ƒǤ ƒƒ”–ƒǤ

Š‡–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–‘„‡—•‡ˆ—Žƒ†’”‘˜‹†‡• ‹‡–‹ˆ‹ –”‡ƒ•—”‡• Media and Literature Language, on ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ •Žƒ ‹ –Š‡ ‹††Ž‡ ‰‡• ‹ ’ƒ‹ǤŠ‹•’ƒ’‡”†‘‡•‘–‡ƒƒ›–Š‹‰‹ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”• ƒ‘––ƒ‡Ž‡••‘•

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 322 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) ,6/$0,163$,1  History of the Arabs,

‹––‹ǡ Ǥ ǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ –”ƒ•Ǥ‡ ‡’ —ƒ ƒ•‹ ƒ† ‡†‹ Žƒ‡–‹›ƒ†‹ǤHakekat ƒƒ”–ƒǣ‡”ƒ„‹ Ž—‡‡•–ƒ Tasawuf Ǥ •ƒǡ Ǥ ǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ Ǥ–”ƒ•ǤŠƒ‹”—Ž ”— ƒ”ƒŠƒ’ ƒ† ˆ”‹œƒŽ —„‹•ǡ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ‹•–Š‹”‡••ǤPengembangan Paradigma Keilmuan Perspektif —ƒ‡†‹ǡEpistemologiǤƬ‹Œƒ›ƒǡǤ IslamȋʹͲͳͻȌǤ.  ƒƒ”–ƒǣ”‡ƒ†ƒ‡†‹ƒ ”‘—’ǤPengantar Ilmu Sejarah  —–‘™‹Œ‘›‘ǡ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ  Ǥ ƒ›ƒ•ƒ ‡–ƒ‰ —†ƒ›ƒǤ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǤ Lantern Journal, ƒ†ƒ‹ǡǤȋʹͲͳͷȌǤ‡‹‹”ƒ ‹Ž•ƒˆƒ–ŽǦ‹†‹Ǥ ͳͻȋʹȌǤ ƒ•”—”‹ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤJournal‡„ƒ ƒ ‡Ž‹ƒ–‡†‹†‹ƒ†ƒ‡‹Ž—™ƒ†‹’ƒ›‘Ž of Islamic Religius Education, 4 ȋ͹ͷ͸ǦͳͶͻͶȌǤPembaharuan dalam Islam: Sejarah PemikiranȋͳȌǤ dan Gerakan ƒ•—–‹‘ǡ ǤȋͳͻͻʹȌǤIslam Ǥ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ—Žƒ‹–ƒ‰ǤMetode Penelitian  ƒœ‹”ǡǤȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ Tokoh-tokoh TasawufǤ‘‰‘”ǣ dan ŠƒŽ‹ƒ †‘‡•‹ƒ Ajarannya. Ǥ ƒƒ”ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤEnsiklopedia Filsafat. . ‡’—„Ž‹•ŠǤ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǤ ‡••‹ǡǤȋʹͲͳͶȌ Ensiklopedi Islam –ƒˆ‘”†  ‹†™ƒǡǤȋͳͻͻͶȌ Ǥ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ Š–‹ƒ”Ǥ ƒ”‹ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ •‡†”‹ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǤ ‡‡Ž‹–‹ƒ ‡’—•–ƒƒƒ ȋ‹„”ƒ”›Jurnal ‡•‡ƒ” ŠȌPenelitian †ƒŽƒBidang ‡‡Ž‹–‹ƒIPA Dan Pendidikan ‡†‹†‹ƒ IPA, Ǥ6 ƒ–—”ƒŽ  ‹‡ ‡ǣ Sejarah PerkembanganȋͳȌǡͶͳǦͷ͵Ǥ Filsafat Islam Di Š‘Ž‹ŠƒŠǡAndalusia Ǥ,ȋʹͲ ͳͺȌǤ Metode Penelitian Sosial

Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal Š‡•‹•Ǥ—ƒ’‡Ž–ƒ–‡ •Žƒ‹ ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ—”ƒ„ƒ›ƒǤ ‹ŽƒŽƒŠ‹ǡǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ Filsafat Islam Ǥƒ†—‰ǣ‡ˆ‹ƒ —†ƒ”•‘‘ǡȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ Pengaruh PemikiranǤ‹‡ƒ‹’–ƒǡ ƒƒ”–ƒǤ al-Farabi Terhadap Perkembangan ›ƒˆ‹̵‹ǡ Filsafat Ǥ (1991). Islam “ . Š‡•‹•ǡ   —ƒ ’‡Žǡ ƒ —Ž–› ‘ˆ †ƒ„ ƒ† —ƒ‹–‹‡•ǤFilsafat—”ƒ„ƒ›ƒǤ Umum Akal dan Hati Sejak Thales Sampai Capra Humanities across Histories and Humanities and Histories across in the Trajectories Contexts Glocal ƒˆ•‹”ǡ ǤȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ Ǥƒ†—‰ǣ‡ƒŒƒ‘•†ƒƒ”›ƒǤ

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah

 3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2)  3+,/2623+<$1'68),60$77+(*2/'(1$*((5$2) 323 ,6/$0,163$,1 ,6/$0,163$,1   History of the Arabs,

‹––‹ǡ Ǥ ǤȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ –”ƒ•Ǥ‡ ‡’ —ƒ ƒ•‹ ƒ† ‡†‹ ƒƒ”‹›ƒǡ‹—Šƒƒ†ǤʹͲͳͺǤ‡Œƒ”ƒŠ‡”ƒ†ƒ„ƒ •Žƒ”ƒ‡ƒ„‹ƒŠ‹‰‰ƒ Žƒ‡–‹›ƒ†‹ǤHakekat ƒƒ”–ƒǣ‡”ƒ„‹ Ž—‡‡•–ƒ Tasawuf Ǥ •Žƒ †‘‡•‹ƒǤƒŽƒ‰ǣƒ†ƒ‹‡†‹ƒǤFilsafat Islam: filosof dan filasafatnya •ƒǡ Ǥ ǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ Ǥ–”ƒ•ǤŠƒ‹”—Ž ”— ƒ”ƒŠƒ’ ƒ† ˆ”‹œƒŽ ƒ”ǡ ǤǤȋʹͲͲͶȌǤMetode Penelitian Kepustakaan. ǤƒŒƒ ”ƒˆ‹†‘‡”•ƒ†ƒǤ —„‹•ǡ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ‹•–Š‹”‡••ǤPengembangan Paradigma Keilmuan Perspektif ‡†ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ †‘‡•‹ƒ ‘‰‘” ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǡ —ƒ‡†‹ǡEpistemologiǤƬ‹Œƒ›ƒǡǤ IslamȋʹͲͳͻȌǤ.  ƒƒ”–ƒǤ Metodologi Sejarah. ƒƒ”–ƒǣ”‡ƒ†ƒ‡†‹ƒ ”‘—’ǤPengantar Ilmu Sejarah  —Žƒ‹ ŠƒǡǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ  —ƒ’‡Ž”‡••Ǥ—”ƒ„ƒ›ƒǤ —–‘™‹Œ‘›‘ǡ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ  Ǥ ƒ›ƒ•ƒ ‡–ƒ‰ —†ƒ›ƒǤ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǤ Lantern Journal, ƒ†ƒ‹ǡǤȋʹͲͳͷȌǤ‡‹‹”ƒ ‹Ž•ƒˆƒ–ŽǦ‹†‹Ǥ ͳͻȋʹȌǤ ƒ•”—”‹ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤJournal‡„ƒ ƒ ‡Ž‹ƒ–‡†‹†‹ƒ†ƒ‡‹Ž—™ƒ†‹’ƒ›‘Ž of Islamic Religius Education, 4 ȋ͹ͷ͸ǦͳͶͻͶȌǤPembaharuan dalam Islam: Sejarah PemikiranȋͳȌǤ dan Gerakan ƒ•—–‹‘ǡ ǤȋͳͻͻʹȌǤIslam Ǥ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ—Žƒ‹–ƒ‰ǤMetode Penelitian  ƒœ‹”ǡǤȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ Tokoh-tokoh TasawufǤ‘‰‘”ǣ dan ŠƒŽ‹ƒ †‘‡•‹ƒ Ajarannya. Ǥ ƒƒ”ǡǤ ǤȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤEnsiklopedia Filsafat. . ‡’—„Ž‹•ŠǤ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǤ ‡••‹ǡǤȋʹͲͳͶȌ Ensiklopedi Islam –ƒˆ‘”†  ‹†™ƒǡǤȋͳͻͻͶȌ Ǥ ƒƒ”–ƒǣ Š–‹ƒ”Ǥ ƒ”‹ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ •‡†”‹ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǤ ‡‡Ž‹–‹ƒ ‡’—•–ƒƒƒ ȋ‹„”ƒ”›Jurnal ‡•‡ƒ” ŠȌPenelitian †ƒŽƒBidang ‡‡Ž‹–‹ƒIPA Dan Pendidikan ‡†‹†‹ƒ IPA, Ǥ6 ƒ–—”ƒŽ  ‹‡ ‡ǣ Sejarah PerkembanganȋͳȌǡͶͳǦͷ͵Ǥ Filsafat Islam Di Š‘Ž‹ŠƒŠǡAndalusia Ǥ,ȋʹͲ ͳͺȌǤ Š‡•‹•MetodeǤ—ƒ’‡Ž–ƒ–‡ •Žƒ‹ ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ—”ƒ„ƒ›ƒǤ Penelitian Sosial  ‹ŽƒŽƒŠ‹ǡǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ Filsafat Islam Ǥƒ†—‰ǣ‡ˆ‹ƒ

—†ƒ”•‘‘ǡȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ Pengaruh PemikiranǤ‹‡ƒ‹’–ƒǡ ƒƒ”–ƒǤ al-Farabi Terhadap Perkembangan Media and Literature Language, on ›ƒˆ‹̵‹ǡ Filsafat Ǥ (1991). Islam “ . Š‡•‹•ǡ   —ƒ ’‡Žǡ ƒ —Ž–› ‘ˆ †ƒ„ ƒ† —ƒ‹–‹‡•ǤFilsafat—”ƒ„ƒ›ƒǤ Umum Akal dan Hati Sejak Thales Sampai ƒˆ•‹”ǡCapra ǤȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ

Ǥƒ†—‰ǣ‡ƒŒƒ‘•†ƒƒ”›ƒǤ Media and Literature Language, on

Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah Rahmah Raini Jamil, Dahimatul Afidah