International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 12, December-2016 49 ISSN 2229-5518 Effect of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on adiet poultry contaminated with fungus exudate toxins Aspergillus flavus and the possibility of inhibition growth and break down toxins producers from it Hussein, .S.Naji .,Majeed.M.Dewan. and Aqell,Y.alsheqry Department of Biological Sciences . College of Education for girls, Department of Protection plant. College of agriculture (. University of Kufa) ABSTRACT: This study was conducted in the laboratory of Advanced fungi at the Department of Biology/ College of Education for girls / University of Kufa for the period from 03/01 - 15/05/2016 in collaboration with the laboratory of the veterinary clinic to the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture, so as to detect the ability of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) to protect the contamination of diet poultry by fungi and the possibility of breaking down the Aflatoxin and Ochratoxins which produced by Aspergillus flavus. Tested way to extract the poison, using an organic solvent is Acetonitrail, results showed for the detection of the toxin using organic solvent in the recovery of the venom of the contaminated samples using several standard poison under study and using the ELISA device showed the ability of p.ostreatus to break down toxins contaminated with aflatoxin to diet in the treatment of treatment mushroom oyster duration of fermentation 28 days where the highest percentage smash hit 1.0 mcg / kg, followed by treatment T4 treatment also mushroom oyster duration of fermentation 21 days Reached at 1.5 mcg / kg compared to the treatment of T2 untreated mushroom oyster which showed the highest contamination rate was 165.3 mcg / kg either treatment control were free of contamination and mycotoxin which gave 0.0 mcg / kg. way to extract the poison, using an organic solvent is Acetonitrail, results showed for the detection of the toxin using organic solvent in the recovery of the toxin of the contaminated samples using several standard poison under study and using the ELISA device showed the ability of p.ostreatus to break down toxins contaminated with aflatoxin to diet in the treatmentIJSER of T4 treatment mushroom oyster duration of fermentation 28 days where the highest percentage smash hit 1.0 mcg / kg, followed by treatment T3 treatment also mushroom oyster duration of fermentation 21 days reached at 1.5 mcg / kg compared to the treatment of T2 untreated mushroom oyster which showed the highest contamination rate was 165.3 mcg/ kg either treatment control were free of contamination and mycotoxin which gave 0.0 mcg / kg. Key ward : ELISA technique , Pleurotus ostreatus, Aspergillus flavus toxin,diet poultry —————————— —————————— INTRODUCTION in breaking down toxic substances in The mushroom oyster (Pleurotus the medium in which it grows the ostreatus) food fungi that have fungus through the enzymes secreted medicinal benefits because it contains by the fungus (Lacina et al, 2003). extracts and effective compounds (Vamanu, 2012), and is marked by For the mushroom oyster significant anti-fungal substances and toxins impact in the treatment of cancer and (Oei,2005) has the effect of privileged prevent the growth of tumors (Wolff et as anti-cancer tumors and in al, 2008) characterized by belonging to stimulating cellular immunity (Hatvani the mushroom species oyster Pleurotus et al ,2008 ), also it has a distinct role IJSER © 2016 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 12, December-2016 50 ISSN 2229-5518 requirements for food security (Billard, high viability of colonialism and the 2004), and this specification increased the speed of growth for spinning mildew food, health and administrative on among different agricultural media requirements (Nagy, 2006). As well as the and environmental conditions (Kong, presence of mycotoxins in feed materials 2004 Ahmed, (2015) indicated that the used in diets and one of the most fungus highly competitive against a important problems facing poultry in number of contaminated diet fungi. and developing countries. This is due to the currently occupies the mushroom lack of these countries for scientific oyster ranked second after agricultural foundations, It followed in modern mushroom white (Agaricus bisporus ) agricultural operations, including the and by 25% of the world's production seeds and stored drying technology. of food fungi( Zhang et al ,2014) and Popcorn is the first and the longer this has a high nutritional value because it problem being a silo strategy in diets is rich in protein, which constitutes 20- of poultry, they accounted for 50-60% 40 % dry weight (Ahmed et al, 2009). of components and increase their exposure to pollution that poisons The poultry of topics that are notable especially cultivated in the loop for the importance of their contribution autumn, as it marks the date harvested to the provision of a major food source nearthe winter months, solutions and for humans to meet the needs of the thus will drag on for drying and then animal protein and because of the rapid increase the likelihood of mycotoxin development that took place in the contamination. production of commercial hybrids for broiler chickens characterized by fast We have many countries the growth and high ability in feed efficiency. maximum allowable limits proceeded As well as the poultry confronted with to the availabilityIJSER of mycotoxins in the some problems, including a key human diet and the diets of animals determines the availability of feed with 20 mcg / kg (Adler, 2002), and materials used in the diets of the that means that the majority of maize developing broiler and then higher prices marketed grain stores in Iraq unfit for (US Grains Council, 2003). The availability human consumption or feed materials of suitable forage qualities at a reasonable included in the industry diets, price is the key to success in the according to the results of recent production process for broiler chickens, studies in country (Hussain, 2000; and so that there would be competition Mughallis 2004; Hadithi, 2005). place with the domestic market, it is important among the mycotoxins of importance, to go to the feed use of non-conventional and entered into the diets of broiler being the most natural substances dangerous in the complex health effects chickens combination so as to reduce et al in low pollution and spread in the thermal production costs, (Basak ,2002 ). ranges wide levels until Pat contamination The chicken meat industry, global of feed crops and diets poisons( IFLA corporations started to produce global )thing difficult to avoid in spite of all the strains characterized by high productivity modalities modern and means used in specifications to provide minimum IJSER © 2016 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 12, December-2016 51 ISSN 2229-5518 study was conducted to remove the production (Gratz et al, 2004). Free fodder negative effects of fungal toxins from crops has become media of mycotoxins of diets. the priorities that must be introduced to the success of the poultry projects, so this The important themes of this study are: 1- Test the inhibition ability of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushroom( Pleurotus ostreatus) against a mushrooms and producer of number of contaminated fungi of poultry mycotoxins Aspergillus flavus fungi in diet. diet. the laboratory of the Plant Protection Department - Faculty of Agriculture, 2 -The use of oyster mushroom University of Kufa.The medium which (Pleurotus ostreatus) in the remediation are used to isolate and the Potato of contaminated diets industrially certain Dextrose Ager are used to growth and all testing of fungi . It prepared by level of poison aflatoxin toxin secreted by dissolving 39 g per liter of distilled the Aspergillus flavus water, according to the manufacturer fungus. instructions and 250 mg antibiotic Chloramphenicol was added 1L. The 3. The important aim to use oyster medium autoclaveed at 121 °C and mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) to pressure 15 pounds / in 2 for 20 reduce the Aflatoxin and Ochratoxinin minutes,The medium powred in plastic poultry diet by biodegradation by oyster dishes (9 cm diam.and using according mushroom . to the aim of study us the growth of oyster mushroom ,isolation and Materials and methods classification of some fungi from diet This studyIJSER included conducting poultry . laboratory experiments It was obtained pure isolation from oyster The inhibition test of oyster temperature 25 ± 2 °C, The inhibition mushroom against the isolated ability of mushroom oyster was fungi from poutry diet a measured after 7 days according to Bell et al, (1982) . number of fungi contaminated poultry diet. Isolation and diagnosis of The double culture technique in Petri dishes was used the dish is divided fungi associated with poultry into two equal parts and Disc with 0.5 cm diameter placed on the center of the diet by Dilutions Plate method first part .while growth the isolated In order to know the fungi in the diet fungus from poultry diet was placed on poultry have been taking random samples the center of second part . The treatment from different parts of the diet bag of each fungus repeated three times . All comparison was mixed uniformly and the dishes were incubated at a IJSER © 2016 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 12, December-2016 52 ISSN 2229-5518 then taken 10 g of which was added to a (15-35 day) (Titus and Fritz, 1971 and beaker containing 90 ml sterile distilled Ibrahim, 1987 and Fayad and Nagy, water and mixing brokered an electric 1989), has been taken into account in mixer to break up its parts and uniformly, these diets that adequacy the bird needs of crude protein and energy then taking one ml of it was added to the metabolic ratio energy: protein at every test tube containing 9 ml sterile distilled -2 stage and according to the (Ibrahim, water to get The concentration of 10 .