MOTION MOUNTAIN the Adventure of Physics – Vol.Vi the Strand Model – a Speculation on Unification

Christoph Schiller MOTION MOUNTAIN the adventure of physics – vol.vi the strand model – a speculation on unification www.motionmountain.net MOTION MOUNTAIN The Adventure of Physics – Vol. VI The Strand Model – A Speculation on Unification What is the origin of colours? Which problems in physics are unsolved since the year 2000 and what might be their solution? At what distance between two points does it become impossible to find room for a third one in between? Why do change and motion exist? What is the most fantastic voyage possible? Answering these and other questions, this book gives an entertaining and mind-twisting introduction to the search for the final theory of physics. The search leads to the strand model:Basedona simple principle, strands reproduce quantum theory, the standard model of particle physics and general relativity. Strands leave no room for alternative theories, agree with all experimental data and allow estimating the fine structure constant. Christoph Schiller, PhD Université Libre de Bruxelles, is a physicist and physics popularizer. This entertaining book is for students, teachers and anybody interested in modern research about fundamental physics. Pdf file available free of charge at www.motionmountain.net Christoph Schiller Motion Mountain The Adventure of Physics Volume VI The Strand Model – A Speculation on Unification Edition 30, available as free pdf with films at www.motionmountain.net subject index 481 at Planck scales 77 weak bosons 248 world viscous fluids weak charge 246–248 crystal, nematic 299 tangles and 195, 360 weak current of dreams 414 volume 72 absence of origin of 413 lower limit, or Planck 37 flavour-changing 347 wormholes 170, 296, 297, 310 of the universe 100 weak gravity conjecture 300 do not exist 298, 303 vortices in the aether 347 weak hypercharge 242, 378 writhe 387 weak interaction 244–256 2d 420 W weak mixing angle 360 3d 421 W boson Weinberg , Steven topological 229, 420 g-factor of 361 on unification 22 topological, definition 386 mass 361 Weinberg–Witten theorem writhing number 421 V mass of 358 273 strand model 248 Wheeler, John A. Y viscous two mass values 331 on ‘it from bit’ 160 Yang–Mills theory see gauge W polarization on mass without mass 159 theory, non-Abelian illustration of 330 on nature’s principles 405 Yukawa coupling 366 Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–March 2018 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net Editio trigesima. walls on space-time foam 157, Yukawa mechanism 366 limitations to 117 296 Proprietas scriptoris © Chrestophori Schiller water flow on topology change 58 Z secundo anno Olympiadis trigesimae primae. upper limit 40 on unification 22 Z boson 251 wave function 173, 185 really big questions 411 mass 361 Omnia proprietatis iura reservantur et vindicantur. and crossing size 188 Wheeler–DeWitt equation 73 mass of 358 Imitatio prohibita sine auctoris permissione. as blurred tangles 217 wheels strand model 248 Non licet pecuniam expetere pro aliqua, quae as rotating cloud 187 none in nature 219 two mass values 331 partem horum verborum continet; liber collapse 201 wholeness, Bohm’s unbroken Zeno effect, quantum 28, 121 pro omnibus semper gratuitus erat et manet. collapse from tangles 199 106, 438 Zeno of Elea definition 187 Wightman axioms 273 on motion as an illusion is a tangle function Wiles, Andrew 417 187–194 on research 410 on size 124 visualizing the 215 Witten, Edward Zeno’s argument against Thirtieth edition. wave, gravitational on duality 137 motion 70, 119, 121 emitted from atoms 301 on infinities 140 resolution 218 Copyright © 1990–2018 by Christoph Schiller, waves on unification 22 zero-point energy 57, 72 from the third year of the 24th Olympiad gluonic 318 words and physics 409 Zitterbewegung 216 to the second year of the 31st Olympiad. This pdf file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Germany Licence, whose full text can be found on the website creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de, with the additional restriction that reproduction, distribution and use, in whole or in part, in any product or service, be it commercial or not, is not allowed without the written consent of the copyright owner. The pdf file was and remains free for everybody to read, store and print for personal use, and to distribute electronically, but only in unmodified form and only at no charge. 480 subject index belt 176 three key issues 392 theory 163 dirty Higgs 331 unified models Unruh effect see leather 363 assumptions of 166 Fulling–Davies–Unruh plate 176 complexity of 165 effect scissor 176 requirements of 146 Unruh radiation see tubes in space 123 uniqueness 406 Fulling–Davies–Unruh tuning, fine uniqueness effect none 370–371 of the unified model 406 Turing machines 106 unitarity V twist see Reidemeister move, violation in W and Z vacuum see also space 317, 387, 420 boson scattering 330 as a bath 155 To Britta, Esther and Justus Aaron and gauge units breathing in 86 T illustration of 233 Planck’s natural see Planck common constituents with generalized 234 units, natural units particles 55, 61, 63, 81, 86, tubes twist transfer universal gravitation 35, 280 88, 132 illustration of 226 universe defects in 284, 297 twisted loop 226 age error of 93, 94 difference from matter 64 Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–March 2018 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net age of 91 elasticity of 36 U as inverted black hole 305 energy density 19, 57, 162, U(1) 226–235, 242, 378 definition of 111, 113 210, 307 U(1) invariance 196 difference from nothing 90 entropy bound 47–48 U-duality 124 essence of 110 entropy of 47 uncertainty see indeterminacy fate of 98 illustration of schematic uncertainty principle see finiteness of 304 156 τῷ ἐμοὶ δαὶμονι indeterminacy relation has no meaning 111 indistinguishable from uncertainty relation see horizon of 305 matter 52–53, 81–82 indeterminacy relation information and 107 Lorentz invariance 210 unification see also final initial conditions 101, 306 made of everything 407 theory luminosity limit 42 mass error 79–81 arguments against 20–21 mass of 102–104 mixes with matter 80 as lack of finitude 403 matter density 308–309 none at Planck scales 88 as pastime 21 no boundary 104–105 Poincaré symmetry 212 as riddle 21, 24 no information in 107 relativity vs. quantum beliefs and dogmas 22 not a container 129 theory 57–63 difficulty of 300 not a physical system 106 strand model 157, 172 disinformation 428 not a set 53–54, 105–106 tangle function 187 grand see grand oscillating 91 temperature 281 unification power limit 47 uniqueness of 157, 172, 210, is possible 125 radius 100 277, 284, 354 key to 54 sense of 110 variables, hidden 202 millennium issues and 18 size of 98 vector of interactions 275, 276, 381 strand illustration of 305 binormal 419 quantum theory and strand model 304 normal 419 relativity 56 system dependent limits Verlinde, Erik reason for failure 255 and 45–52 on universal gravitation requiring extreme table of properties 110 281 thinking 21 topology of 309 violence and infinity 402 simplicity of 22, 38 volume of 100 virtual particles 40, 153, 157, steps of the search for 24 unmodifiability of final 172 subject index 479 on minimum entropy 30 complexity 324 of everything does not table of properties 419 exist 405 T tails 173, 175 physical, definition 21 T-duality 124 three-stranded 341 thermodynamics in one T-shirt 411 tight 358 statement 30 first use 451 tight, illustration of 358 thinking tachyon 27 topological invariant 229 extreme 21 tail trivial 319 mechanism of 18 braiding 250 two-stranded 325 Thomson–Kelvin, William deformations 224 tangle classes on atoms as knotted essential for spin 1/2 177 one strand, illustration of vortices 347 model for particle 134 314 thought experiment T shifting 374 three strands, illustration constituents and 121 Tait number 420 of 326 on extension 137 T-duality tangle 156 two strands, illustration of on force and power 32 alternating 386 319 on shape 120 as particle 159 tangle model on vacuum 80, 123 Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–March 2018 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net blurred 185, 194 of particles 159 time 166 braided 341 tau beginning of 92 Die Menschen stärken, die Sachen klären. chirality 385 tangle of 327 coordinate 66 coloured, illustration of technicolour 396 defined with strands 158 269 temperature definition 59, 401 core 173 indeterminacy 30 does not exist 94 core deformation lower limit 49 in dreams 414 illustration of 223 upper limit 41 indeterminacy 44, 64 core rotation 222 vacuum 281 issue of 151 illustration of 223 tetraquark lower limit, or Planck 36 family 335 strand illustration of 345 maximum 91 family of leptons 364 tetraquarks 344 measurement 58 four-stranded 345 theorem Platonic idea 94 framing of 419 Banach–Tarski see proper, end of 66 function 184, 185 Banach–Tarski time-like loops 297 functions are wave paradox/theorem tombstone 411 functions 187–194 Calugareanu 421 topological models 347 ideal 358, 419 Coleman–Mandula 273 topological space 72 lepton 327 Fermat’s last 410 topological writhe 229 locally knotted 320 Gödel’s see definition 386 moving incompleteness theorem, topology change illustration of 193, 211 Gödel’s of space-time, not needed of four or more strands 341 Kochen–Specker 202 182 one-stranded 318–319 no-hair 132, 286 topology of the universe 309 phase 226 Reidemeister’s 275 toroidal black holes

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