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The Wind and Beyond of History at Auburn University, Has Written About Aerospace History for the Past 25 Years

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The Wind and Beyond of History at Auburn University, Has Written About Aerospace History for the Past 25 Years About the editors: James R. Hansen, Professor The Wind and Beyond of History at Auburn University, has written about aerospace history for the past 25 years. His newest A Documentary Journey into the History book, First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong (Simon & TheWind and The and of Aerodynamics in America Schuster, 2005), provides the authorized and definitive Beyond Wind biography of the famous test pilot, astronaut, and first Volume II: Reinventing the Airplane man on the Moon. His two-volume study of NASA The airplane ranks as one of history’s most inge- Langley Research Center—Engineer in Charge (NASA SP- Beyond nious and phenomenal inventions. It has surely been 4305, 1987) and Spaceflight Revolution (NASA SP-4308, A Documentary Journey A Documentary Journey into the one of the most world changing. How ideas about 1995) earned significant critical acclaim. His other into the History of aerodynamics first came together and how the science books include From the Ground Up (Smithsonian, 1988), History of Aerodynamics in America and technology evolved to forge the airplane into the Enchanted Rendezvous (NASA Monographs in Aerospace Aerodynamics revolutionary machine that it became is the epic story History #4, 1995), and The Bird Is On The Wing (Texas in America told in this six-volume series, The Wind and Beyond: A A&M University Press, 2003). Documentary Journey through the History of Aerodynamics in Jeremy R. Kinney is a curator in the Aeronautics America. Division, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution and holds a Ph.D. in the history of technology Following up on Volume I’s account of the invention from Auburn. of the airplane and the creation of the original aero- D. Bryan Taylor is a doctoral candidate in the history nautical research establishment in the United States, of technology at Auburn. Volume II Volume II explores the airplane design revolution of Molly Prickett holds a B.A. degree in English from the 1920s and 1930s and the quest for improved air- Auburn University. foils. Subsequent volumes cover the aerodynamics of J. Lawrence Lee holds B.M.E., M.A., and Ph.D. airships, flying boats, rotary-wing aircraft, breaking the degrees from Auburn. He is an engineer-historian at sound barrier, and more. the Historic American Engineering Record, a branch of the U.S. National Park Service, and is former chair of In 2005, the Society for the History of Technology the History and Heritage Committee of the American awarded its first annual Eugene S. Ferguson Prize for Society of Mechanical Engineering. outstanding and original reference works to The Wind and Beyond. The citation read in part: “The Wind and Beyond is remarkable in its breadth of Cover: Fluid Dynamics, Tina York. The study of vision. Its purview includes not just aerodynamical the- fluid dynamics attempts to explain what happens ories and research results, but also innovative airships to an object when it encounters the friction of at- and airship components as well as the institutions in mospheric resistance (such as a plane encounter- which and through which aerodynamics developed… ing resistance as it speeds through the air). The art- James R. Hansen, Each [chapter] essay is original in two ways. First, each is ist has decided to depict the effect of air flow as a Editor a first-rate piece of scholarship in its own right. Second, plane or other flying objects move through the air. the very decision to include these narratives is signifi- NASA Image 95-HC-379. with Jeremy Kinney, cant: they comprise roughly 10 percent of the contents D. Bryan Taylor, of the volume, but they make the other 90 percent both accessible and meaningful to the nonspecialist reader, Molly Prickett, and simultaneously enhancing the value of and enlarging J. Lawrence Lee the potential audience for the whole volume….The Wind and Beyond will be a boon both to students and to established scholars in several ways. Like many similar collections, it provides one-stop access to documents The NASA History Series that were previously scattered in many different places. Volume II: Reinventing the Airplane Going beyond other similar collections, however, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Wind and Beyond makes the documents intellectually as NASA History Division well as physically accessible…The end result is an emi- Office of External Relations James R. Hansen, Editor nently readable reference work, one that is truly, as its title suggests, the beginning of a journey rather than Washington, D.C. with Jeremy Kinney, D. Bryan Taylor, Molly Prickett, and J. Lawrence Lee the end.” 2007 NASA SP-2007-4409 The Wind and Beyond Vol. II NASA SP-2007-4409 The Wind and Beyond: A Documentary Journey into the History of Aerodynamics in America Volume II: Reinventing the Airplane James R. Hansen, Editor with Jeremy Kinney, D. Bryan Taylor, Molly F. Prickett, and J. Lawrence Lee The NASA History Series National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA History Division Office of External Relations Washington, DC Table of Contents Foreword xxiii Acknowledgments xxv Introduction to Volume II xxvii Reinventing the Airplane xxvii Biographies of Volume II Contributors xxxiii CHAPTER THREE: THE DESIGN REVOLUTION 1 Essay: The Design Revolution in Aircraft Aerodynamics 1 The Documents 47 3-1, Excerpts from Frederick W Lanchester, Aerodynamics: Constituting the First Volume of a Complete Work on Aerial Flight (New York: D Van Nostrand Company, 1908) 47 3-2, Ludwig Prandtl, “Motion of Fluids with Very Little Viscosity,” NACA Technical Memorandum No 452 Washington, DC, 1928 71 3-3(a), Alexander Klemin, Chapter X: “Resistance of Various Airplane Parts” 80 3-3(b), Grover C Loening, Military Aeroplanes: An Explanatory Consid- eration of their Characteristics, Performances, Construction, Mainte- nance, and Operation (Boston: W S Best, 1918) 87 3-4, Louis Breguet, “Aerodynamical Efficiency and the Reduction of Air Transport Costs,” Aeronautical Journal (August 1922) 102 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 3-5, Captain W h Sayers, “The Lesson of the Schneider Cup Race,” Aviation 15 (5 November 1923) 119 The Wind and Beyond: A Documentary Journey into the History of 3-6, John K Northrop, quoted in Garry R Pape, Northrop Flying Wings: Aerodynamics in America/ James R Hansen, editor; with D Bryan Taylor, Jeremy A History of Jack Northrop’s Visionary Aircraft (Atglen, Penn : Schiffer, Kinney, Molly Prickett, and J Lawrence Lee 1995) 128 3-7, B Melville Jones, “The Streamline Aeroplane,” Aeronautical Journal p cm -- (The NASA History Series) (NASA SP-2007-4409) 33 (1929) 129 3-8, Excerpts from Fred e Weick and James R Hansen, From the Includes bibliographical references and index Ground Up: The Autobiography of an Aeronautical Engineer (Wash- Contents: v 2 Reinventing the Airplane ington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1988) 164 1 Aerodynamics--Research--United States--History 2 Aeronautical 3-9(a), Western Union telegram, Jerry Vultee, Lockheed Aircraft Co , engineers--United States I Hansen, James R II Series III Series: Burbank, CA, to NACA, “Attention Lieutenant Tom Carroll,” 5 NASA SP-4409 Feb 1929, copy in NACA Research Authorization file 215, NASA Langley Historical Archives 176 TL570 W64 2007 3-9(b), Fred e Weick, “The New NACA Low-Drag Cowling,” Aviation 25 (17 November 1928) 177 2002035774 3-10(a), h C h Townend, “Reduction of Drag of Radial Engine by 3-15(b), Hal l Hibbard, “Problems in Fast Air-Transport Design,” Attachment of Rings of Aerofoil Section,” British Aeronautical Mechanical Engineering 55 (October 1933) 285 Research Committee Research and Memoranda 1267 (1929) 184 3-15(c), “Preliminary Study of Retractable Landing Gears for High and 3-10(b), United Aircraft and Transport Corporation Technical Advisory Low Wing Monoplanes,” Air Corps Information Circular 7 (18 Feb- Committee, Meeting Minutes, December 1929, Boeing Historical ruary 1933) 289 Archives, Seattle, Washington 203 3-15(d), Richard M Mock, “Retractable Landing Gears,”Aviation 32 3-10(c), “The Curtiss Anti-Drag Ring,” Curtiss-Wright Review 1 (Decem- (February 1933) 302 ber 1930) 225 3-15(e), Roy g Miller, letter to editor, Aviation, “Retractable Landing 3-11(a), United Aircraft and Transport Corporation Technical Advisory Gears,” Aviation 32 (April 1933), with response from Richard M Committee Minutes held at the Pratt & Whitney plant, Hartford, Mock 311 CT, 19-23 May 1930 228 3-16(a), Fred e Weick of Hampton Virginia, u S Patent 2,110,516 3-11(b), “The Reminiscences of Harold Hicks,” August 1951, transcript, Filed 18 Jan 1934; issued 8 March 1938 321 pp 61-69 Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village Research 3-16(b), Fred e Weick & Associates, Inc , to Waco Aircraft Co , Troy Center, Dearborn, Mich 232 OH, 8 Apr 1938 340 3-12(a), Harlan D Fowler to Rueben h Fleet, 8 January 1929,Folder 3-16(c), Weick & Associates, Inc , to Waco Aircraft Co , Troy, OH, 2 “Fowler Flap,” copy in San Diego Aerospace Museum, CA 238 Feb 1939 340 3-12(b), Consolidated Aircraft Corporation to Harlan D Fowler, 21 3-16(d), C J Brukner, President, The Waco Aircraft Company, Troy, January 1929, Folder “Fowler Flap,” copy in San Diego Aerospace OH, to Fred e Weick and Associates, Inc , Evelyn Place, College Museum, CA 241 Park, MD, 16 Feb 1939 341 3-12(c), Harlan D Fowler, “Variable Lift,” Western Flying 10 (November 3-16(e), Weick & Associates, Inc , to The Waco Aircraft Company, Troy, 1931) 242 OH, Attn: Mr C J Brukner, President, 22 March 1939 342 3-12(d), Harlan D Fowler to William B Mayo, 15 August 1932, copy 3-16(f), Weick & Associates, to Timm Aircraft Corporation, Grand in Accession 18, Box 96, Folder “Fowler Variable Wing,” Henry Central Air Terminal, 1020 Airway, Glendale, CA, Attn: Mr R A Ford Museum and Greenfield Village Research Center 250 Powell, Vice-President, 22 March 1939 343 3-12(e), h A Hicks to Harlan D Fowler, 10 September 1932,copy in 3-16(g), Alpheus Barnes, The Wright Company, 11 Pine Street,New Accession 18, Box 96, Folder “Fowler Variable Wing,” Henry Ford York, to Mr Grover C Loening, c/o U.S.S.
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