This catalogue is published in conjunction with the 2014-2015 Mathaf Student Art Exhibition, at Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, Doha FOREWORD from 4 April 2015 to 31 May 2015.
Her Highness In collaboration with MA Students of Museum and H.E. Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Sheikha Moza bint Nasser Gallery Practice, UCL Qatar, Doha Chairperson, Qatar Museums Chairperson Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Supervisor: Community Development Dr. Karen Exell We believe in art education as a tool for progress for our society, it offers school and students the chance to develop their creativity and in the same time the chance to learn about art and history Her Excellency Alaa Labaar while elevating a sense of perception and awareness of our continuously changing environment. Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Amna Eweiss Chairperson, Qatar Museums Andrew Weir The Annual Mathaf Student Art Competition and Exhibition program fosters learning through Bouthayna Baltaji the exploration of modern and contemporary art through Mathaf’s unique collection, and is realized His Excellency Dima Abdul Razzak through the versatility of the program through participation and interpretation. Sheikh Hassan bin Mohammed bin Ali Al Thani Georgia Sivri Vice Chairperson, Qatar Museums Hassan Asif For its third installment, the program provided students the opportunity to explore multiple meanings of Katarina Tarazi new thought triggering themes that resulted in an exhibition which showcased 142 artworks from 54 Mansoor bin Ebrahim Al Mahmoud Lina Ramadan schools, who responded to the question “What is a portrait?” Special Advisor to the Chairperson and Maha Al Thani Acting CEO, Qatar Museums Munira Al Ansari Aligned with the goals of the Qatar Museums to cater to the Creation Generation, the Students Art Competition and Exhibition is one dynamic museum education program that is imperative for leading Nemanja Cavlovic arts education initiatives and it stands as testament for what we can achieve through creative learning Dr. Abdellah Karroum Theofanis Karafotias and we encourage more schools and teachers to participate in the coming edition. I would like to Director, Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art Victoria Alexander commend our Mathaf Education team, leading this wonderful project in collaboration with Qatar Museums and Qatar Foundation actors of research and education, and for making our young institution Exhibition Organized by Mathaf Education: Catalogue Design and Production: a leading cultural destination. Maral J. Bedoyan Qatar Museums Publications Maryam Ali Al Naimi Maryam Ali Lozain Artwork Photography: Maryam Yaaqob Al Madadi Andrew Weir Asmaa Hatem Iman Soufan Mathaf Student Intern: Reem Ahmed Al Bahrani
Translation: Maral J. Bedoyan Maryam Ali Al Naimi Asmaa Hatem
Published in 2016 by Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art Qatar Museums, P.O. Box 2777, Doha, Qatar
All rights reserved © Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, Qatar Museums
ǧǫǮ 3 Art Education and Exhibition Making
Abdellah Karroum Director Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art
Mathaf Student Art Competition and Exhibition is an opportunity to bring the museum closer to University and develop collaborative thinking and exhibition making. Beyond the large number of collaborations with schools and families, this year’s project was an opportunity for Museum Studies students at UCL Qatar to explore ways of production and methodologies of exhibition making.
The museum continues to be a place for sharing knowledge and art experiences. The exhibition investing both UCL Qatar galleries and creating and exhibition within Mathaf Education spaces, using the museum’s fabrique of display and interpretation, offered moment of curatorial experiment and critical thinking. This exhibition is looking at art education within the museum, and it is an opportunity to think exhibition making from idea to display, associating museum professionals, students and theorists, building on the development of museum studies extending between the auditorium and the exhibition space.
This publication is conceived to document both participation by many students and schools, as well as the process of research exhibition making with the contribution of university students. Mathaf continues to play a key role in making this institution a model in museum making and building education program beyond the walls of our institution.
Our place, within Education City in Qatar Foundation, facilitates the museum’s operations in close proximity with scholars in all fields. Thanks to university staff, teachers and students, our artistic and education programs make sense in being experimental and engaging as an example of creativity, research and action.
ǧǫǬ 5 Looking in… the 3rd time
Maral Bedoyan Acting Head of Education
A collaboration between Mathaf Education and University College London Qatar students resulted in the co-delivery of the 3rd annual Mathaf Student Art Competition and Exhibition.
The process of making the exhibition and learning were merged in a cohesive partnership that challenged school students in Qatar to question meanings in art interpretation; and it further pushed the Master students of Museums and Gallery Practice to assume the roles of curators, exhibitions designers and education facilitator.
We posed the question “What is a portrait?” to school students with the understanding that portraits can take many forms, reflecting a moment in history, a musical expression mirroring memories and emotions, or the movement of waves on the ocean. The artworks in exhibition reflected unique approaches towards defining identity, be it individual or national, as well as blurring the boundaries of what we understand a portrait to be.
Inspired by the permanent collection at Mathaf, school students were asked to rely on works in the collection to explore multiple meanings of a self-portrait. The exhibition revealed how young artists challenge and build upon traditional art forms and ideas given an understanding of how they perceive themselves in relation to their surroundings.
The exhibition opened on two separate occasions. On April 4, the UCL Qatar students were able to present their involvement to their peers followed by a roundtable discussion with a select number of winning school students. On May 5, we hosted a public opening that drew in over 500 family members, participating children, parents and schools who celebrated with creative activities and musical performances.
We at Mathaf Education maintain our objective to involve partners from the academic and school communities to build on existing programs that benefit everyone on multiple levels, through visualization, conceptualization, planning, and implementation.
Each university student, school student, teacher, and museum professional was involved in the project with the goal to understand and develop analytical and critical thinking as well as an appreciation and an understanding of the history of modern and contemporary art through Mathaf’s collection.
Special thanks to UCL Qatar students and to the Mathaf staff for delivering an outstanding exhibition.
ǧǫǪ 7 UCL Qatar in Collaboration
Theofanis Karafotias Project Manager MA Student in Museum and Gallery Practice UCL Qatar
Developing an exhibition consists of a much more complicated process than the visitor might realise. The Third Annual Mathaf Student Art Competition and Exhibition 2014-2015 was no exception to this, as it was delivered as part of the Interpreting Heritage Module of the Masters in Museum and Gallery Practice programme at UCL Qatar, in collaboration with the Education Department of Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art in Doha. The fact that this exhibition was the end-product of collaboration between an educational and a cultural institution added complexity but at the same time enriched the outcome.
Having the Project Manager role, I was accountable for the successful delivery of the project scope, in terms of keeping it within time and quality. The role demanded undertaking tasks such as planning all the necessary procedures, utilising available resources, communicating the aims of the project within the team, liaising with external partners, identifying risks, monitoring and evaluating the process, and ensuring that the project kept on the right track until its successful completion. The project had to reflect the values and professionalism of a prestigious academic institution, UCL Qatar, through the collaboration with an international museum, Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art.
Moreover, a balance needed to be maintained. The project was meant to be a learning experience for university students while meeting the standards and educational aims of Mathaf. In order for both aspects of the project to be achieved, empowerment and guidance served as tools to inspire the team with the responsibility of creating a meaningful exhibition, learn from the process and deliver a project that would reflect the standards of both collaborating institutions.
The project was initiated in October 2014, with the setting of the concept for the competition that resulted in the exhibition. The process included a series of changes tailored for the Mathaf website, from educational resources, to curatorial concepts explored and larger marketing campaigns, to the process of selecting, receiving, storing and photographing student artworks, and later to installation, planning opening events as well as evaluating every step of the procedure. All these led to a successful opening on April 4, 2015. Through teamwork, the Mathaf galleries were transformed into a space to celebrate the students’ creativity, where younger and older visitors had the pleasure to experience art in ways that only young students can express.
ǧǫǨ 9 UCL Qatar in Mathaf Education
Victoria Alexander and Georgia Sivri Education Team MA Students in Museum and Gallery Practice UCL Qatar
We were invited to organise the education activities for ‘Looking In…’ exhibition as part of our Masters’ in Museum and Gallery Practice programme at UCL Qatar. Coming from varied backgrounds (drama and finance) this gave us the chance to experience working in a professional museum environment. We are very grateful to Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, and Maral Bedoyan in particular, for giving us this fantastic opportunity.
Working in the education team enabled us to be involved right from the start of the process of the 2014-2015 Mathaf Student Art Competition by designing a Teachers’ Guide. We also offered tailored tours of Mathaf’s permanent collection to help students and their teachers prepare their entries. We encouraged them to consider what a portrait can be, and be inspired by the artworks within the Mathaf collection.
To accompany the exhibition we designed an inclusive programme of educational events and activities that would give all school age groups the opportunity to take part in and learn from the exhibition. For the soft and grand opening events, we designed practical creative workshops that would engage young children and their families with the concept of ‘What is a Portrait?’. These included activities with mirrors, light, movement, and words.
Materials, guidance, and games were also available for the duration of the exhibition in the Activity Corner, to allow visitors to be creatively inspired by the exhibition at any time during their visit. This space was a great resource, which brought visitors into the museum to take advantage of the fun and interactive materials available.
We also held several events for specific target groups. A bilingual round table discussion was held in the Mathaf Library for high school students, whose artworks were featured in the exhibition, and UCL Qatar students. This allowed the high school students to network and learn from each other and the UCL Qatar students, while sharing the inspiration behind their artworks and what motivates them to be creative. In order to encourage the inclusion of all ability groups, children with intellectual disabilities, who are part of the Best Buddies International programme, took part in a tour of Mathaf and a creative portrait workshop using clay, led by UCL Qatar students. This allowed a group of young people, many of whom had never visited a museum before, to learn more about art and expressing themselves.
On a personal level the experience allowed us to put into practice the theory from our Masters’ programme, as well as the softer skills required to work effectively and efficiently as a team. We were able to identify our own key strengths and learn from each other. It was a great experience which we found exciting, challenging, and most of all, enjoyable.
Many thanks to UCL Qatar and other volunteers who helped, and thank you Mathaf for the opportunity!
ǧǫǦ 11 WINNING SCHOOLS
Al-Hekma International School Al Khaleej Independent School for Boys
Al Khor International Private School Al Qadissiya Model Independent School for Boys American School of Doha Al Wakra Independent Secondary for Boys
Cambridge International School for Girls Um Al Aamad Primary Independent School for Girls
Compass International School Um Aymen Secondary Independent School for Girls
Doha Home Educators Um Ma’abad Preparatory Independent School for Girls
Doha Modern Indian School Hafsa Preparatory Independent School for Girls
Dukhan English School Halima Al Sa’adiya Independent School for Girls
English Modern School Khalid bin Al Waleed Preparatory Independent School for Boys
German School Doha Khalifa Secondary Independent School for Boys
Hayat Universal Bilingual School Khawla Independent School for Girls
International School of London in Qatar Dukhan Independent School for Boys
Lycée Bonaparte Qatar Ruqaya Preparatory Independent School for Girls
Mesaieed International School Roudha bint Jassim Secondary Independent School for Girls
Qatar Academy Msheireb Saad bin Abi Waqas Independent School for Boys
Qatar Academy Al Khor Sumaya Independent Elementary School for Girls
Qatar Academy Sidra Sumaisma Independent Elementary School for Girls
SEK Qatar International School Safia bint Abdul Motaleb Independent Elementary School for Girls
The Gulf English Private School Tariq bin Ziyad Independent School for Boys
Al Jameelya Independent School for Boys Atika Independent Elementary School for Girls
Al Seleeya Independent School for Boys Abdulrahman Bin Jassim Preparatory School for Boys
Al Arqam Academy for Girls Ali Bin Abi Taleb Preparatory Independent for Boys
Amna bint Wahab School for Girls Musa’ab bin Umair Independent School for Boys
Abu Bakir Al Sadiq Independent School for Boys Maymoona Elementary School for Girls
Ahmed bin Mohamed Al Thani Independent School for Boys The Shafallah Center for Children with Special Needs
Al Ahnaf Preparatory Independent School for Boys Shantiniketan Indian School
Al Andalus Private School for Boys Al Shaima’a Secondary Independent School for Girls ǧǪǯ ǧǪǮ 12 13
Noemie Charles Lisa Martin Mayeur Camille Langen Jean Bigot Beatriz Escobar Elea Riou
Identity Preparatory Lycée Bonaparte
ĶŤijĔĽĜŽŨŵŬ ijŵŻĔŨŮĜijĔŨēĶżŤ ĦŬǘŦżŨĔŠ ĘŁőĝŤēūĔĤ ijĔĖŵšĸēĺŻĴĜĔżĖ ŵŻijŹżŤč
ĚŻŵű ĚŻįēİŐǞēĚťĨĴŨ ěĴĖĔŬŵĖųżĹżťŤēĚĸijİŨ
Ancha Baltazar Gune
Mesaieed Worker Year 12 Mesaieed International School
ūŵĤijēĵĔĝŤĔĖĔĽŬć
İżőżĹŨŦŨĔŐ ǧǨĚŭĹŤē ĚżŤŴİŤēİżőżĹŨĚĸijİŨ Fares Ramez El Ahdab ĕİĨǘēĶŨēijķijĔŘ Karim Salah Mokhtar ijĔĝĭŨħǙŀŪŻĴŠ Pauline Guillard įijǙŻĔĤŮżŤŵĖ
Expressions ĴżĖĔőĜ Primary ĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚťĨĴũŤē Lycée Bonaparte ěĴĖĔŬŵĖųżĹżťŤēĚĸijİŨ
Sara Sorensen ŮĹŬijŵĸęijĔĸ
Myself ŽĹřŬ Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĹŤē Compass International Private School ĚżŤŴİŤēķĔėŨŵŠĚĸijİŨĚĸijİŨ ǧǩǯ ǧǩǮ 22 23 Kawthar Benlahcene ŮżĹűǙŭżĖĴĠŵŠ
Self Portrait with Contrast ŮŻĔėĝŤēŒŨŽŁĭļųŻĴĜijŵĖ Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĹŤē Compass International Private School ĚżŤŴİŤēķĔėŨŵŠĚĸijİŨ
Andrea /atÄeld İťżřĜĔűĔŻijİŬē
Split Personality ĚżŁĭĽŤēĕēĴʼnńē Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĹŤē ǧǩǭ Al Khor International School ĚżŤŴİŤēijŵĭŤēĚĸijİŨ ǧǩǬ 24 25 Arzu Manochehri ŶĴŲĤŵŭŨŴĵijĉ Syarifah Ghina Atthahirah ēĴżűĔġĜĉŹŭŔĔřŻijĔżĸ Gabriela Villarroel Villalobos ķŵĖŵŤǙżŘŦŻŴijǙżŘǙżŻĴĖĔŔ Lucia Bordona Alonso ŵĹŬŵŤĉĔŬŴįijŵĖĔżĸŵŤ Identity 2 ǨĚŻŵŲŤē Lucia Olabarria Garcia ĔŻijĔĖǘŴĉĔżĸijĔŔĔżĸŵŤ Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĹŤē Sarah Mokhtar ijĔĝĭŨęijĔĸ Dukhan English School ĚŻĶżťĥŬǘēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ Stine Tinsfeldt ěİťżřĹŭżĜŮŻĔĝĸ
Eyes to the Soul ħŴĴťŤŮżőŤē Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĹŤē International School of London in Qatar ĴʼnŜŽŘĚżŤŴİŤēūİŭŤĚĸijİŨ
ǧǩǫ ǧǩǪ 26 27 Mariane Lambert ěĴėŨǘūĔŻijĔŨ Ahmed Laith Mushtaq Penelope Des Garets ĺĝŻijĔĤĺŻįĕŵťėŭżĖ Olivia Seffacee ķĔřżĸĔżřżŤŴĉ Refugee Oriane Terpant ĞŬĔĖĴżĜūĔŻĴŐ Year 12 Eya Manai ŽŐĔŭũŤēŹŻć Tariq Bin Zeyad Independent Secondary Batitste Mohr ijŵŨŽĝĹĝżĜĔĖ School for Boys Benjamin Sarzier ĴŻĵijĔĸŮũżĥŭżĖ Gabrielle Brugere ĴĤĴĖŦżŻĴĖĔŔ Amandine Cohu ŵļŵŠŮŻİŬĔŨē śĔĝĽŨĢżŤİũĨĉ Aubane De Malberg ģĴżėŤĔŨźįūĔĖĉ Fatima Salem Al-Jahwashi ĒĤǘ Discovery ŗĔĽĝŠĉ ǧǨĚŭĸ The Dress Preparatory ĚŻįēİŐǞēĚťĨĴŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēįĔŻĵŮĖśijĔňĚĸijİŨ Year 6 Lycée Bonaparte ěĴĖĔŬŵĖųżĹżťŤēĚĸijİŨ Al Hekma International School
ŽļēŴĔĥŤēŪŤĔĸĚũňĔŘ
ūĔĝĹřŤē ǬĚŭĹŤē ĚżŤŴİŤēĚũšĩŤēĚĸijİŨ
ǧǩǩ ǧǩǨ 28 29 Anas Joma’a Al Dous
Portrait Year 6 Al Khalij Al Arabi Independent School for Boys
ķŴİŤēĚőũĤĺŬē
ųŻĴĜijŵėŤē ǬĚŭĹŤē ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēŽĖĴőŤēĦżťĭŤēĚĸijİŨ
Ali Khalifa Al Maadhid
The Robot Year 6 Al Khalij Al Arabi Independent School for Boys
İżńĔőũŤēĚřżťĬŽťŐ
ŽŤǚēūĔĹŬǘē ǬĚŭĹŤē ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēŽĖĴőŤēĦżťĭŤēĚĸijİŨ
Muneera Hamad Al Hajri źĴĤĔŲŤēİũĨęĴżŭŨ
We Are Here ĔŭűŮĩŬ Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĹŤē Rawdha Bint Jassim Independent ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŪĸĔĤĞŭĖĚńŴijĚĸijİŨ Secondary School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
ǧǩǧ ǧǩǦ 30 31 Hamda Ali Al Kerbi ŽĖĴšŤēŽťŐęİũĨ Amal Mubarak Rashid İļēijşijĔėŨŦŨĉ
Our Heritage ĔŭĠēĴĜ Mystery ŃŵũŔ Year 11 ǧǧĚŭĹŤē Year 6 ǬĚŭĹŤē Rawdha Bint Jassim ŪĸĔĤĞŭĖĚńŴijĚĸijİŨ Safiyya Bint Abdul ĞŭĖĚżřŀĚĸijİŨ Independent Secondary ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤē Muttalib Independent ĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĘťʼnũŤēİėŐ School for Girls Primary School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Abdulrahman Mohamad Al Saloum ŧŵťĹŤēİũĩŨŮũĨĴŤēİėŐ
Looking in - Face Maps ųĤŵŤēŊĐēĴĬěēIJŤēŹŤēĴōŭŤē Year 8 ǮĚŭĹŤē Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq Independent Preparatory ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēŞŻİŁŤēĴšĖŵĖēĚĸijİŨ School for Boys
ǧǨǯ ǧǨǮ 32 33 Amani Rashid Mohsen ŮĹĩŨİļēijŽŬĔŨĉ
Happiness and Hope ŦŨĉŴęįĔőĸ Year 6 ǬĚŭĹŤē Safiyya Bint Abdul Muttalib Independent ĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĘťʼnũŤēİėŐĞŭĖĚżřŀĚĸijİŨ Primary School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Mohamed Nayef Abdullah ųťŤēİėŐŚŻĔŬİũĩŨ
Containment ĆēŵĝĨč Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĹŤē Al Sailya Independent Secondary School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚżťżĹŤēĚĸijİŨ ǧǨǭ ǧǨǬ 34 35 Mohamed Khalid Al Yafei ŽőŘĔżŤēİŤĔĬİũĩŨ Saleh Ali Al Marri źĴũŤēŽťŐĪŤĔŀ
Features Change ĴżŕĝĜĪŨǙũŤē The Loser ĴĸĔĭŤē Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĹŤē Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĹŤē Al Sailiya Independent Secondary ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚżťżĹŤēĚĸijİŨ Al Sailiya Independent Secondary ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚżťżĹŤēĚĸijİŨ School for Boys School for Boys
ǧǨǫ ǧǨǪ 36 37 Najlaa Salih Al-Baradi
Face I Year 3 Shafallah Center for Students with Special Needs
źįēĴėŤēĪŤĔŀĆǙĥŬ
,ųĤŴ ǩĚŭĹŤē źŴıţĔřňǝŤĪťřĽŤēĶŠĴŨ ĚŀĔĭŤēěĔĤĔżĝĨǞē
Hemyan Nasser Al-Bouanain
Face II Year 10 Shafallah Center for Students with Special Needs
ŮżŭżŐŵėŤēĴŀĔŬūĔżũű
,,ųĤŴ ǧǦĚŭĹŤē źŴıţĔřňǝŤĪťřĽŤēĶŠĴŨ ĚŀĔĭŤēěĔĤĔżĝĨǞē
Khalifa Hamad Al-Mansouri źijŵŁŭũŤēİũĨųřżťĬ
Face III ,,,ųĤŴ Year 3 ǩĚŭĹŤē Shafallah Center for Students with ĚŀĔĭŤēěĔĤĔżĝĨǞēźŴıţĔřňǝŤĪťřĽŤēĶŠĴŨ Special Needs ǧǨǩ ǧǨǨ 38 39 Huda Saeid Abu Ali
Life Year 5 Maymoona Primary School for Girls
ŽťŐŵĖĉİżőĸŶİű
ęĔżĩŤē ǫĚŭĹŤē ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚŬŵũżŨĚĸijİŨ
Amna Mohammed Al Naama ĚũőŭŤēİũĩŨĚŭŨć
Story of Shahrazad įēĵĴŲļĚŁŜ Year 11 ǧǧĚŭĸ Israa Jaber Abdul Menem Al Arqam Academy for Girls ěĔŭėťŤŪŜijǜēĚżŨįĔŠĉ The African Face Year 5 Maymoona Primary School for Girls
ŪőŭũŤēİėŐĴĖĔĤĆēĴĸē
ŽŝŻĴŘǞēųĤŵŤē ǫĚŭĹŤē ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚŬŵũżŨĚĸijİŨ
Mohamed Abdul Rahman Qenawy źŴĔŭŜŮũĨĴŤēİėŐİũĩŨ
Struggle and Challenge źİĩĜŴŏēĴŀ Year 11 ǧǧĚŭĹŤē Dukhan Preparatory Secondary ŮżŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ School for Boys ǧǨǧ ǧǨǦ 40 41 Abdul Aziz Ahmed Al Emadi źįĔũőŤēİũĨĉĶŻĶőŤēİėŐ Al Jazi Jassim Al Naimi ŽũżőŭŤēŪĸĔĤźĵĔĥŤē Amira Saeid Al Jarboei ŽŐŵĖĴĥŤēİżőĸęĴżŨĉ The Shades Light ţǙōŤēĆŵƸƸń Year 9 ǯĚŭĹŤē A Face from the Desert ĆēĴĩŁŤēŮŨųĤŴ Abdul Rahman Bin Jassim Independent ĚŻįēİŐǞēŪĸĔĤŮĖŮũĨĴŤēİėŐĚĸijİŨ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ Preparatory School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē Um Al Amad Independent Primary ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞēİũőŤēŧēĚĸijİŨ School for Girls
ǧǧǯ ǧǧǮ 42 43 Sheikha AbdulAziz Al-Thani ŽŬĔĠţćĶŻĶőŤēİėŐĚĭżļ Tasneem Kamal Hussain ŮżĹĨţĔũŠŪżŭĹĜ Shaimaa Hussain Al Najdi źİĥŭŤēŮżĹĨĆĔũżļ Freedom ĚŻĴĩŤē Just Girls ĺĖŴěĔŭĖ Year 11 ǧǧĚŭĸ Year 5–6 Ǭ–ǫĚŭĸ Amna Bint Wahab Independent School for Girls ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĘűŴĞŭĖĚŭŨćĚĸijİŨ Um Al Amad Independent Primary ĘťʼnũŤēİėŐĞŭĖĚżřŀĚĸijİŨ ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞē
ǧǧǭ ǧǧǬ 44 45 Mohamed Yaqoub Al Shehabi Sarah Omar Raslan
Special Situations Modality Year 9 Year 10 Ali Bin Abi Taleb Independent Al Arqam Academy for Girls Preparatory School for Boys
ūǙĸijĴũŐęijĔĸ ŽĖĔŲĽŤēĕŵŝőŻİũĩŨ ĚżŤĔġũŤē ĚŀĔĬěǘĔĨ ǧǦĚŭĸ ǯĚŭĹŤē ěĔŭėťŤŪŜijǜēĚżŨįĔŠĉ ĚŻįēİŐǞēĘŤĔňŽĖēŮĖŽťŐĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
ǧǧǫ ǧǧǪ 46 47 Alaa Khalid Yousef Farah Mohamed Ibrahim Lujayn Mohamed Ibrahim Maryam Ashraf Al Mansour Naema Mouneef Al Majduba Yusra Mohamed Al Tawam
The Arabian Majlis Year 9 Al Arqam Academy for Girls
ĕĔĖijĉİŤĔĬĆǘĉ ŪżűēĴĖčİũĩŨħĴŘ ŪżűēĴĖčİũĩŨŮżĥŤ ijŵŁŭũŤēŗĴļĉŪŻĴŨ ĔĖŴİĥũŤēŚżŬŵŨĚũżőŬ ŧēŵĝŤēİũĩŨēĴĹŻ
ŽĖĴőŤēĺťĥũŤē ǯĚŭĸ ěĔŭėťŤŪŜijǜēĚżŨįĔŠĉ
ǧǧǩ ǧǧǨ 48 49 Warda Bareer Moustafa
My Dreams from Seed to Flower Year 11 Amna Bint Wahab Independent School for Girls
ŹřʼnŁŨĴŻĴĖęįijŴ
ęĴűĶĖĞŲĝŬēŴęijIJėĖěĉİĖŽŨǙĨĉ ǧǧĚŭĸ ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĘűŴĞŭĖĚŭŨćĚĸijİŨ ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Anan Al SaÄ Al Rozouqi ŽŜŴĵĴŤēŽŘĔŁŤēūĔŭŐ
We Are All Human ūĔĹŬčĔŭťŠ Year 11 ǧǧĚŭĸ Amna Bint Wahab Independent ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĘűŴĞŭĖĚŭŨćĚĸijİŨ School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
ǧǧǧ ǧǧǦ 50 51 Kuram Waleed Reema
Syria - Jasmine Love Year 11 Amna Bint Wahab Independent School for Girls
ĔũŻijİżŤŴŧēĴŠ
ŮżũĸĔżŤēŞĽŐĔŻijŵĸ ǧǧĚŭĸ ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĘűŴĞŭĖĚŭŨćĚĸijİŨ ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Elham Qassim Azadi źįēĵēŪĸĔŜŧĔŲŤč
I Deserve Life ęĔżĩŤēŞĩĝĸĉĔŬĉ Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Rawdha Bint Jassim Independent ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŪĸĔĤĞŭĖĚńŴijĚĸijİŨ Secondary School for Girls
ǧǦǯ ǧǦǮ 52 53 Meshari Mohamed Al Sebaei ŽőżėĹŤēİũĩŨźijĔĽŨ Omar Fathi HaÄz ŎŘĔĨŽĩĝŘĴũŐ
My Father ŽĖĉ Nostalgia ŽńĔũŤēŮżŭĨ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Al Andalus Primary Secondary ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĺŤİŬǜēĚĸijİŨ Ahmed Bin Mohammed Al-Thani ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŽŬĔĠţćİũĩŨŮĖİũĨēĚĸijİŨ School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚŀĔĭŤē Independent Secondary School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
ǧǦǭ ǧǦǬ 54 55 Abdullah Khalid Al Ansari źijĔŁŬǜēİŤĔĬųťŤēİėŐ
The Hunter įĔżŁŤē Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Ahmed Bin Mohammed Al-Thani ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŽŬĔĠţćİũĩŨŮĖİũĨēĚĸijİŨ Independent Secondary School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Haya Jafar Al Qahtani
Set Me Free Year 11 Rawdha Bint Jassim Independent Secondary School for Girls Abdullah Shahin Al Maadhid İżńĔőũŤēŮżűĔļųťŤēİėŐ
Basket Maker ŽŬĔʼnĩŝŤēĴřőĤĔżű ţǙĹŤēŒŬĔŀ Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Ahmed Bin Mohammed Al-Thani źēİŻŞťňĉ ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŽŬĔĠţćİũĩŨŮĖİũĨēĚĸijİŨ Independent Secondary School for Boys ǧǧĚŭĸ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŪĸĔĤĞŭĖĚńŴijĚĸijİŨ ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē ǧǦǫ ǧǦǪ 56 57 Soud Khalid Bajbir
My Personality and Theirs Year 8 Al Ahnaf Independent Preparatory School for Boys
ĴżėĤĔĖİŤĔĬįŵőĸ
ŪŲĝżŁĭļŴŽĝżŁĭļ ǮĚŭĸ Hamda Jassim Al Naimi ŽũżőŭŤēŪĸĔĤęİũĨ Al Reem Issa Al Rumaihi ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēŚŭĨǜēĚĸijİŨ Al Mayyasa Khedr Al Saadi źİőĹŤēĴŅĬĚĸĔżũŤē Who am I through my personality Qatar and the Reconstruction of Gaza ęĶŔijĔũŐčŴĴʼnŜ Year 11 Year 3–4 Ǫ–ǩĚŭĸ Al Shaima’a Independent Secondary School Haleema Al-Saadiyya Primary ĚŻİőĹŤēųũżťĨĚĸijİŨ for Girls School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞē ŽĩżŨĴŤēŹĹżŐŪŻĴŤē
ŽĝżŁĭļţǙĬŮŨĔŬĉŮŨ ǧǧĚŭĸ ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĆĔũżĽŤēĚĸijİŨ ǧǦǩ ǧǦǨ 58 59 Ibrahim Amir Ibrahim ŪżűēĴĖēĴżŨĉŪżűēĴĖē
Contradiction ņŜĔŭĜ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ Al Jameeliya Independent Preparatory ĚŻįēİŐǞēĚżĐēİĝĖǘēĚżťżũĥŤēĚĸijİŨ Secondary School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤē
Abdullah Hamad Al Naimi ŽũżőŭŤēİũĨųťŤēİėŐ Jafour Mohamed Al Mansouri źijŵŁŭũŤēİũĩŨijŵŘĔĤ
The Other Face ĴĬǚēųĤŵŤē Query ţċĔĹĜ Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĸ Year 11 ǧǧĚŭĸ Al Jameeliya Independent ĚŻįēİŐǞēĚżĐēİĝĖǘēĚżťżũĥŤēĚĸijİŨ Al Jameeliya Independent ĚżĐēİĝĖǘēĚżťżũĥŤēĚĸijİŨ Preparatory Secondary School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤē Preparatory Secondary ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚŻįēİŐǞē School for Boys ǧǦǧ ǧǦǦ 60 61 Yousef Essam Talima
My Special Player Year 6 Al Qadeseeya Model Independent School for Boys
ĚũżťĜŧĔŁŐŚĸŵŻ
ĶżũũŤēŽėŐǘ ǬĚŭĸ ĚżĤıŵũŭŤēĚżĸįĔŝŤēĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Abdullah Faisal Kandarani
Football Creations Year 6 Al Qadeseeya Model Independent School for Boys
ŽŬēijēİŭŠŦŁżŘųťŤēİėŐ
ŧİŝŤēęĴŠŽŘěĔŐēİĖē ǬĚŭĸ ĚżĤıŵũŭŤēĚżĸįĔŝŤēĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Abdullah Mohamed Bahlool Abdullah Hamad Al-Thani Confused Look ŽŬĔĠţćİũĨųťŤēİėŐ Year 11 Prince Al Wakra Independent ĴżŨĉ Year 10 Secondary School for Boys ǧǦĚŭĸ Al Wakra Independent Secondary ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēęĴŠŵŤēĚĸijİŨ School for Boys ţŵťŲĖİũĩŨųťŤēİėŐ
ęĴĐĔĨęĴōŬ ǧǧĚŭĸ ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēęĴŠŵŤēĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
ǯǯ ǯǮ 62 63 Hawraa Yaqoub Issac śĔĩĸēĕŵŝőŻĆēijŵĨ Wafaa Abdul Hakim Al Yahri źĴŲżŤēŪżšĩŤēİėŐĆĔŘŴ
A Baby Cry ŦřňųĬĴŀ Faces from My Grandmother Tales ŽĜİĤěĔŻĔšĨŮŨůŵĤŴ Year 5 ǫĚŭĸ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ Um Al Amad Independent Primary ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞēİũőŤēŧēĚĸijİŨ Um Al Amad Independent Primary ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞēİũőŤēŧēĚĸijİŨ School for Girls School for Girls
ǯǭ ǯǬ 64 65 Habiba Isam Hasab Allah
Optimism Year 9 Hafsa Independent Preparatory School for Girls
ųťŤēĘĹĨŧĔŁŐĚėżėĨ
ţċĔřĜ ǯĚŭĸ ěĔŭėťŤĚŻįēİŐǞēĚŁřĨĚĸijİŨ
Saeida Nasser Al Badr ijİėŤēĴŀĔŬęİżőĸ
First Arab Woman ĚżĖĴŐţŴĉ Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĸ Um Ayman Independent ěĔŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŮũŻēŧēĚĸijİŨ Secondary School for Girls
ǯǫ ǯǪ 66 67 Malik Rabie Zaghel
Hardship and Challenge Year 11 Tariq Bin Zeyad Independent Secondary School for Boys
ŦŔĵŒżĖijŢŤĔŨ
źİĩĜŴĆĔŝļ ǧǧĚŭĸ ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēįĔŻĵŮĖśijĔňĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Abdullah Saeid Al Neshera ęĴżĽŭŤēİżőĸųťŤēİėŐ
Companions Into The Unknown ţŵŲĥũŤēŹŤčĆĔŝŘij Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ Khalid Bin Al-Waleed Independent ĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēİżŤŵŤēŮĖİŤĔĬĚĸijİŨ Preparatory School for Boys
ǯǩ ǯǨ 68 69 Zeiad Tareq Faraj ģĴŘśijĔňįĔŻĵ Hiba Hashim Widaa Allah ųťŤēĚŐēįŴŪļĔűųėű
Dreaming Faces ŪťĩĜůŵĤŴ The Farmer ŏijēĶũŤē Year 7 ǭĚŭĸ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ Khalid Bin Al Waleed Independent ĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēİżŤŵŤēŮĖİŤĔĬĚĸijİŨ Khawla Primary Independent ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚŤŵĬĚĸijİŨ Preparatory School for Boys School for Girls
ǯǧ ǯǦ 70 71 Hazem Hassan Bahih Jubair Mohamed Al Rahman
The Parents Year 10 Dukhan Preparatory Secondary School for Boys
ĪżĩĖŮĹĨŧĵĔĨ ŮũĨĴŤēİũĩŨĴżėĤ
ūēİŤēŵŤē ǧǦĚŭĸ ĚŻįēİŐǞēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤē
Abdul Rahman Seddiq ŞŻİŀŮũĨĴŤēİėŐ
C.R.7 &5 Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Dukhan Preparatory Secondary ŮżŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ School for Boys
Ǯǯ ǮǮ 72 73 Oubaid Saeid Al Marri Jar Allah Hassan Al Qahtani
Cubic Faces I Year 5 Saad Bin Abi Waqas Independent School for Boys
źĴũŤēİżőĸİżėŐ ŽŬĔʼnĩŝŤēŮĹĨųťŤēijĔĤ
,ĚżėżőšĜůŵĤŴ ǫĚŭĹŤē ĿĔŜŴŽĖēŮĖİőĸĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Abdul Rahman Mohamed Ahmed Abid Sharif
Cubic Faces II Year 5 Saad Bin Abi Waqas Independent School for Boys
İũĩŨŪżĨĴŤēİėŐ ŚŻĴļİĖĔŐİũĨē
,,ĚżėżőšĜůŵĤŴ ǫĚŭĹŤē ĿĔŜŴŽĖēŮĖİőĸĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Hamed Abdulrahman Fadhallah ųťŤēŦŅŘŮũĨĴŤēİėŐİŨĔĨ Hamad Alneil Osama ĚŨĔĸēŦżŭŤēİũĨ Mahmoud Abdullah Al Mahi ŽĨĔũŤēųťŤēİėŐįŵũĩŨ
The African Mask ŽŝŻĴŘǜēŏĔŭŝŤē Year 11 ǧǧĚŭĸ Dukhan Preparatory Secondary ŮżŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ School for Boys Ǯǭ ǮǬ 74 75 Osama Mohamed Maghrabi
When I Grow up Year 6 Saad Bin Abi Waqas Independent School for Boys
ŽĖĴŕŨİũĩŨųŨĔĸē
ĴėŠĉĔŨİŭŐ ǬĚŭĸ ĿĔŜŴŽĖēŮĖİőĸĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Sojoud Abdu Mohamed İũĩŨůİėŐįŵĥĸ
Faces and Feelings ĴŐĔĽŨŴůŵĤŴ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ Sumayya Independent Primary School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚżũĸĚĸijİŨ
Ǯǫ ǮǪ 76 77 Bakr Ayman Al Sela ŒťĹŤēŮũŻēĴšĖ Mohamed Ashraf Mohamed İũĩŨŗĴļĉİũĩŨ Issa Zaid Al Kawari źijēŵšŤēİŻĵŹĹżŐ Moaz Wael Hassanein ŮżŭĹĨŦĐēŴıĔőŨ Waiting ijĔōĝŬē Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĸ Faces ůŵĤŴ Tariq Bin Zeyad Independent ĚŻŵŬĔġŤēįĔŻĵŮĖśijĔňĚĸijİŨ Year 5–6 Ǭ–ǫĚŭĸ Secondary School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē Sameisama Primary School ŮżŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǘēĚũĹżũĸĚĸijİŨ for Boys
Ǯǩ ǮǨ 78 79 Gabriel Spencer Bullen ŮŤŵĖĴĹŭėĸŦżŻĴĖĔŔ
WM69 WM69 Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Doha Home Educators ŽŤĶŭũŤēŪżťőĝťŤĚĨŴİŤē Ǯǧ ǮǦ 80 81 Saadeyya Qari Rasheed Asmaa Habib Allah Ahmed
Portrait Portrait Year 5 Year 5 Atika Primary School for Girls Atika Primary School for Girls
İżļijźijĔŜĚŻİőĸ İũĨĉųťŤēĘżėĨĆĔũĸĉ
ĚżŁĭļęijŵŀ ĚżŁĭļęijŵŀ ǫĚŭĸ ǫĚŭĸ ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǘēĚšĜĔŐĚĸijİŨ ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǘēĚšĜĔŐĚĸijİŨ
ǭǯ ǭǮ 82 83 Sabah Mousa Yahia Touba Mohamed HaÄz Mohamed Khalid Dalbah Fatima Ashraf Qassim
Portrait Portrait New Vein of Life Portrait Year 5 Year 6 Year 9 Year 3 Atika Primary School for Girls Atika Primary School for Girls Abdul Rahman Bin Jassim Independent Atika Primary School for Girls Preparatory School for Boys ŹżĩŻŹĸŵŨħĔėŀ ŎŘĔĨİũĩŨŹĖŵň ŪĸĔŜŗĴļĉĚũňĔŘ ĪėŤįİŤĔĬİũĩŨ ĚżŁĭļęijŵŀ ĚżŁĭļęijŵŀ ĚżŁĭļęijŵŀ ǫĚŭĸ ǬĚŭĸ İŻİĤŮŨęĔżĩťŤūĔŻĴļ ǩĚŭĸ ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǘēĚšĜĔŐĚĸijİŨ ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚšĜĔŐĚĸijİŨ ǯĚŭĸ ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚšĜĔŐĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēŪĸĔĤŮĖŮũĨĴŤēİėŐĚĸijİŨ
ǭǭ ǭǬ 84 85 Saoud Abdullah Al Zubi
Me in the Hands of Someone Else Year 8 Abdul Rahman Bin Jassim Independent Preparatory School for Boys
ŽėŐĶŤēųťŤēİėŐįŵőĸ
źĴżŔİżĖĔƸƸŬĉ ǮĚŭĸ ĚŻįēİŐǞēŪĸĔĤŮĖŮũĨĴŤēİėŐĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
Abdul Kareem Fathi Moaaz Ashraf Al Bayyoumi
The Folk Bride Year 9 Abdul Rahman Bin Jassim Independent Preparatory School for Boys
ŽĩĝŘŪŻĴšŤēİėŐ ŽŨŵżėŤēŗĴļĉıĔőŨ
ŽėőĽŤēķŴĴőŤē ǯĚŭĸ ĚŻįēİŐǞēŪĸĔĤŮĖŮũĨĴŤēİėŐĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē Talal Yahia Al Warthan ūĔĠijŵŤēŽĩŻţǙň
A Face without Feelings ijŵőļǙĖųĤŴ Year 9 ǯĚŭĸ Ali Bin Abi Taleb Independent ĚŻįēİŐǞēĘŤĔňŽĖēŮĖŽťŐĚĸijİŨ Preparatory School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
ǭǫ ǭǪ 86 87 Hamza Mohamed Al Abidin ŮŻİĖĔőŤēİũĩŨęĶũĨ Abdul Aziz Ahmed Al Qaisi ŽĹżŝŤēİũĨēĶŻĶőŤēİėŐ
My Friend’s Face ŽŝŻİŀųĤŴ The Effects of Time ŮŨĶŤēijĔĠē Year 7 ǭĚŭĸ Year 9 ǯĚŭĸ Ali Bin Abi Taleb Independent ĚŻįēİŐǞēĘŤĔňŽĖēŮĖŽťŐĚĸijİŨ Ali Bin Abi Taleb Independent ĚŻįēİŐǞēĘŤĔňŽĖēŮĖŽťŐĚĸijİŨ Preparatory School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē Preparatory School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē
ǭǩ ǭǨ 88 89 Ali Yousef Al Ansari
A Suffering Child in the Syrian Orphanage Year 9 Musab Bin Umair Secondary School for Boys
źijĔŁŬǘēŚĸŵŻŽťŐ
ĚŻijŵĹŤēŧĔĝŻǘēijēįŽŘŦřňęĔŬĔőŨ ǯĚŭĸ ŮżŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĴżũŐŮĖĘőŁŨĚĸijİŨ
Jeremy Aiden SchefÅer
Spawn creeper Kindergarten Doha Home Educatorss
ĴťřżĽĜūİŻćŽũŻĴżĤǀ
ŚĨēŴĶŤēŦĹŬ ĚńŴĴŤē ŽŤĶŭũŤēŪżťőĝťŤĚĨŴİŤē
Hamad Ali Ahmed İũĨēŹťŐİũĨ
Face from Paper śijŴŮŨųĤŴ Year 9 ǯĚŭĸ Ali Bin Abi Taleb Independent ĚŻįēİŐǞēĘŤĔňŽĖēŮĖŽťŐĚĸijİŨ Preparatory School for Boys ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤē ǭǧ ǭǦ 90 91 Amira Azimi
Beauty Year 12 Al Khor International School
ŽũżōŐęĴżŨĉ
ţĔũĥŤē ǧǨĚŭĸ ĚżŤŴİŤēijŵĭŤēĚĸijİŨ
Sara Al-Haj Ahmad
Flip Shadow Year 6 Al Hekma International School
İũĨĉģĔĩŤēęijĔĸ
ŦōŤēķĔšőŬē ǬĚŭĸ Juliette Rose Baxter ĚżŤŴİŤēĚũšĩŤēĚĸijİŨ The Magic of Nature Year 11 American School of Doha
ĴĝĹŠĔĖĵŴijĞżżŤŵĤ
ĚőżėʼnŤēĴĩĸ ǧǧĚŭĸ ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘĚżšŻĴŨǜēĚĸijİũŤē
Ǭǯ ǬǮ 92 93 Dieter Wurth ğijŴĴĝŻį Juha Kim ŪżŠĔĩĤ
Cyborg Portrait œijŵėŻĔĸęijŵŀ Years Gone By ĞŅŨěēŵŭĸ Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Year 8 ǮĚŭĸ Al Khor International School ĚżŤŴİŤēijŵĭŤēĚĸijİŨ English Modern School ĚġŻİĩŤēĚŻĶżťĥŬǜēĚĸijİũŤē
Ǭǭ ǬǬ 94 95 Lauren Binnekamp ĘŨĔšżŭżĖŮŻijŵŤ
Sources of Knowledge ĚŘĴőũŤēijįĔŁŨ Year 11 ǧǧĚŭĸ American School of Doha ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘĚżšŻĴŨǜēĚĸijİũŤē
Laura Alcazar Prada ēįēĴĖijēĵĔšŤēēijŵŤ
Sienna’s Portrait Feeling the Music ŽŝżĸŵũŤĔĖĴőĽĜĔŭżżĸęijŵŀ Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ American School of Doha ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘĚżšŻĴŨǜēĚĸijİũŤē
Ǭǫ ǬǪ 96 97 Alice Marie Kobrus
Leap of Faith Year 11 American School of Doha
ķŴĴĖŵŠźijĔŨ忍ē
ūĔũŻǞēęĶřŜ ǧǧĚŭĸ ĚżšŻĴŨǜēĚĸijİũŤē ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘ
Liza Aulia ĔżŤŴĉēĶżŤ
Rana in 3 Movements ěĔŠĴĨğǙĠŽŘĔŬij Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĸ Dukhan English School ĚŻĶżťĥŬǘēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ
Ǭǩ ǬǨ 98 99 Hannah Rose Ritter ĴĝŻijĵŴijĔŬĔű
Drawing Close to Home ŮňŵŤēŮŨĕĴŝĝŤē Year 9 ǯĚŭĸ American School of Doha ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘĚżšŻĴŨǜēĚĸijİũŤē
Firstiara Fedora Fedora ēijŴİżŘēijŴİżŘēijĔżĝĸĴżŘ
The Invisible Beauty ŽĐĴŨĴżŕŤēţĔũĥŤē Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Cambridge International School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚżŤŴİŤēģįĴėŨĔŠĚĸijİŨ Ǭǧ ǬǦ 100 101 Aini Nabila Salsabila ǙżĖĔĹŤĔĸĚťżėŬŽŭŻē
Stuck in the Memories ěĔŻĴŠıŽŘĚŝŤĔŐ Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Cambridge International School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚżŤŴİŤēģįĴėŨĔŠĚĸijİŨ
Zainab Yazeid İŻĶŻĘŭŻĵ
I Have a Dream ŪťĨźİŤ Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Cambridge International School for Girls ěĔŭėťŤĚżŤŴİŤēģįĴėŨĔŠĚĸijİŨ
ǫǯ ǫǮ 102 103 Khansa Salah Mirghania
The Truth in Us Year 10 Cambridge International School for Girls
ŽŬĔŔĴżŨħǙŀĆĔĹŭĬ
ĔŭżŘĚŝżŝĩŤē ǧǦĚŭĸ ěĔŭėťŤĚżŤŴİŤēģįĴėŨĔŠĚĸijİŨ
Janeena Missiona
The Big Picture Year 12 Compass International Private School
ĔŬŵżĽżŨĔŭżŬĔĤ
ęĴżėšŤēęijŵŁŤē ǧǨĚŭĸ ĚżŤŴİŤēķĔėŨŵŠĚĸijİŨ
Mariyah Akide İżŠēĔŻijĔŨ
Mirror Face ųĤŵŤēęćĴŨ Year 1 ǧĚŭĸ Compass International Private School ĚżŤŴİŤēķĔėŨŵŠĚĸijİŨ
ǫǭ ǫǬ 104 105 Romeo Solis Hernandez ĶŻİŬĔŬĴű忍ŵĸŵżŨŴij Salha Rashid Al Kuwari źijēŵšŤēİļēijĚĩŤĔŀ
Learning Lessons ķŴijİŤēŪťőĜ Out for a Walk ĚűĶŭťŤģŴĴĭŤē Year 10 ǧǦĚŭĸ Year 2 ǨĚŭĸ Compass International Private School ĚżŤŴİŤēķĔėŨŵŠĚĸijİŨ Qatar Academy Msheireb ĕĴżĽŨĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
ǫǫ ǫǪ 106 107 Muhammad Faiz Jewel Dsouza Izzaturrahman The Peacock Glimpse 1 & 2 Year 8 Year 11 Qatar Academy Sidra Dukhan English School ēĵŵĹŻįŦŻŵĤ
ĶŻĔŘİũĩŨ ķŴŴĔʼnŤē ūĔũűēijŵĜēĶŻē ǮĚŭĸ ęijİĹŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ ǨŴǧĚĩũŤ ǧǧĚŭĸ ĚŻĶżťĥŬǘēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ
Amna Issa Maryam Marulanda Al Hitmi The Qatari Women Selfie through time Kindergarten Year 9 Doha Home Educators Qatar Academy Al Khor ēİŬǘŴijĔŨŪŻĴŨ
ŽũĝŲŤēŹĹżŐĚŭŨć ěĔŻĴʼnŝŤēĆĔĹŭŤē ĚńŴĴŤē ĴėŐĚżŁĭĽŤēŽĜijŵŀ ŽŤĶŭũŤēŪżťőĝťŤĚĨŴİŤē ŮŨĶŤē ǯĚŭĸ ijŵĭŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
ǫǩ ǫǨ 108 109 Shaikha Jamal Al Kaabi ŽėőšŤēţĔũĤųĭżļ
Tradition İżŤĔŝĜ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ The Gulf English ĦżťĭŤēĚĸijİŨ Private School ĚŀĔĭŤēĚŻĶżťĥŬǞē
Thomas Spencer Bullen ŮŤŵĖĴĹŭėĸķĔŨŵĜ Ayyub Marulanda ēİŬǘŴijĔŨĕŵŻē
Portrait of the Scream ĚĬĴŁŤēęijŵŀ Abuilito ŵĝżŤŵĖē Year 8 ǮĚŭĸ Year 3 ǩĚŭĸ Doha Home Educators ŽŤĶŭũŤēŪżťőĝťŤĚĨŴİŤē Doha Home Educatorss ŽŤĶŭũŤēŪżťőĝťŤĚĨŴİŤē
ǫǧ ǫǦ 110 111 Alyssa Ocampon ŵėŨĔŠŴĉĔĹżŤĉ Shouq Saad Al Kuwari źijēŵšŤēİőĸśŵļ
Abaniko ŵšżŬĔĖĉ Education Illuminates Our Lives ĔŭĜĔżĨĴżŭŻŪżťőĝŤē Year 11 ǧǧĚŭĸ Year 7 ǭĚŭĸ Dukhan English School ĚŻĶżťĥŬǘēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ Hayat Universal Bilingual School ĚżĐĔŭġŤēĚżũŤĔőŤēęĔżĩŤēĚĸijİŨ
Ǫǯ ǪǮ 112 113 Jessica Merjaneh
Self-Portrait Andy Warhol Style Year 2 German International School Doha
ĚŬĔĤĴŨĔšżĹżĤ
ŊũŬŹťŐĚżŁĭļęijŵŀ ţŵűijēŴźİŬĉ ǨĚŭĸ ĚżŤŴİŤēĚżŬĔũŤǜēĚĸijİũŤē ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘ
Roudha Abdulla Al Salem ŪŤĔĹŤēųťŤēİėŐĚńŴij
Qatari Lady ĚŻĴʼnŜęİżĸ Year 2 ǨĚŭĸ Qatar Academy Msheireb ĕĴżĽŨĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
Ǫǭ ǪǬ 114 115 Sara Abdulazeez Johar
Hope in the Middle of Darkness Year 7 Hayat Universal Bilingual School
ĴűŵĤĶŻĶőŤēİėŐęijĔĸ
ŧǙōŤēŊĸŴŽŘŦŨǜē ǭĚŭĸ ĚżĐĔŭġŤēĚżũŤĔőŤēęĔżĩŤēĚĸijİŨ
Mariam Ahmed Al Kuwari
African Soul Year 7 Hayat Universal Bilingual School
źijēŵšŤēİũĨĉŪŻĴŨ
ĚżŝŻĴŘǜĉħŴĴŤē ǭĚŭĸ ĚżĐĔŭġŤēĚżũŤĔőŤēęĔżĩŤēĚĸijİŨ
Alissa MacLeod İŻŵťŠĔŨĔĹżŤĉ
Black and White įŵĸĉŴņżĖĉ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ SEK International School Qatar ĴʼnŜĚżŤŴİŤēŢĸĚĸijİŨ
Ǫǫ ǪǪ 116 117 Jasmine Dietz
Sounds for Peace Year 7 International School of London in Qatar
ĶĝŻįŮżũĸĔŻ
ŧǙĹťŤěēŵŀĉ ǭĚŭĸ ĴʼnŜŽŘĚżŤŴİŤēūİŭŤĚĸijİŨ
Milla DeLange ĦŬǙŻįǙżŨ
2% Discomfort ģĔŐĵčȒǨ Year 9 ǯĚŭĸ International School of London in Qatar ĴʼnŜŽŘĚżŤŴİŤēūİŭŤĚĸijİŨ
Ǫǩ ǪǨ 118 119 Hana El Leithy
Egyptian Relief Year 12 International School of London in Qatar
ŽġżťŤēĔŭű
ĚŻĴŁũŤēĚĠĔŔǞē ǧǨĚŭĸ ĚżŤŴİŤēūİŭŤĚĸijİŨ ĴʼnŜŽŘ
Arne Max Tempelhahn ūĔŲťżėũżĜĺŠĔŨŽŬijĉ Emanuel Korytar ijĔĝŻijŵŠŦŻŵŬĔũŻč
Building the Qatari Nation ĚŻĴʼnŝŤēĚŨǜēĆĔŭĖ Year 8 ǮĚŭĸ German International School Doha ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘĚżŤŴİŤēĚżŬĔũŤǜēĚĸijİũŤē
Ǫǧ ǪǦ 120 121 Carlotta Bernardi źįijĔŬĴĖĔĜŵŤijĔŠ
Desperation ķĊżŤē Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĸ International School of London in Qatar ĴʼnŜŽŘĚżŤŴİŤēūİŭŤĚĸijİŨ
Sheikha Ateeq Al-KhulaiÄ ŽřżťĭŤēŞżĝŐĚĭżļ Tim Scholder ĴŻİŤŵļŪżĜ
Selections from Denver ĴřŬįŮŨĚŐŵũĥŨ The Broken Ghost ijŵĹšũŤēĪėĽŤē Year 12 ǧǨĚŭĸ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ International School of London in Qatar ĴʼnŜŽŘĚżŤŴİŤēūİŭŤĚĸijİŨ German International School Doha ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘĚżŤŴİŤēĚżŬĔũŤǜēĚĸijİũŤē
ǩǯ ǩǮ 122 123 Fahad Mehsin Al Mohammed Jassim Muhannadi Al Mohannadi
Elements of Self Art Portrait Blown Away Year 2 Year 1 Qatar Academy Al Khor Qatar Academy Al Khor
źİŭŲŤēŮĹĩŨİŲŘ źİŭŲŤēŪĸĔĤİũĩŨ
ŽŁĭĽŤēųŻĴĜijŵėŤēŮŘĴŀĔŭŐ ĪŻĴŤēĘŲŨŽŘ ǨĚŭĸ ǧĚŭĸ ĕĴżĽŨĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ ijŵĭŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
ǩǭ ǩǬ 124 125 Avery Hamrick
America Year 8 Qatar Academy Sidraa
şĴũűźĴżŘĉ
ĔšŻĴŨĉ ǮĚŭĸ ęijİĹŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
Hamad Abdulatif Al Muhannadi
My Selfie Year 9 Qatar Academy Al Khor
źİŭŲũŤēŚżʼnŤēİėŐİũĨ
ŽĹřŬ ǯĚŭĸ ijŵĭŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
Fatima Nasser Al Kuwari źijēŵšŤēĴŀĔŬĚũňĔŘ
The Madness of My Crown ŽĤĔĜŽŘūŵŭĥŤē Year 7 ǭĚŭĸ Hayat Universal Bilingual School ĚżĐĔŭġŤēĚżũŤĔőŤēęĔżĩŤēĚĸijİŨ
ǩǫ ǩǪ 126 127 Elias Shumway
Mississippi River Year 7 Qatar Academy Sidra
Mahum Malik ŢŤĔŨŪűĔŨ źŵũļķĔżŤč
The Craziness in Me ŽťĬēįŽŘūŵŭĥŤē ŽėżĹżĹżŨĴŲŬ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ ǭĚŭĸ Qatar Academy Sidra ęijİĹŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ ęijİĹŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
ǩǩ ǩǨ 128 129 Olivia CanÄeld İťżřŬĔŠĔżřżŤŴĉ
2015 ǨǦǧǫ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ Qatar Academy Sidra ęijİĹŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
ǩǧ ǩǦ 130 131 Leena Fatima Syed İżĸĚũňĔŘĔŭżŤ Olivia Brisseau ŵżĹŻĴĖĔżřżŤŴĉ
A Blurry Past ĪńēŴĴżŔŽńĔŨ The Maple Tree ĘŝżŝŤēęĴĥļ Year 7 ǭĚŭĸ Year 8 ǮĚŭĸ Qatar Academy Sidra ęijİĹŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ Qatar Academy Sidra ęijİĹŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
Ǩǯ ǨǮ 132 133 Alissa MacLeod
A Mix of Colors Year 6 SEK International School Qatar
İŻŵťŠĔŨĔĹżŤĉ
ūēŵŤĉĦŻĶŨ ǬĚŭĸ ĴʼnŜĚżŤŴİŤēŢĸĚĸijİŨ
Muhammad Arif Bin Sunarwand ūēŴijĔŬŵĸŮĖŗijĔŐİũĩŨ
Bad Hair Day ĒżĹŤēĴőĽŤēŧŵŻ Year 6 ǬĚŭĸ SEK International School Qatar ĴʼnŜĚżŤŴİŤēŢĸĚĸijİŨ
Ǩǭ ǨǬ 134 135 Maria Claudia Montalvod ŗŵŤĔĝŬŵŨĔŻįŵťŠĔŻijĔŨ Viswa Derji ŽĤĴŻįēŵĹżŘ
Mother Nature ĚőżėʼnŤēĔŭŨĉ Source of Energy ĚŜĔʼnťŤijİŁŨ Year 8 ǮĚŭĸ Year 8 ǮĚŭĸ SEK International School Qatar ĴʼnŜĚżŤŴİŤēŢĸĚĸijİŨ Shanti Niketan Indian School ĚŻİŭŲŤēūĔĝżšżŬŽĝŬĔļĚĸijİŨ
Ǩǫ ǨǪ 136 137 Amro Khalid Al Essaily Tochi Tolulope Omah
Jockey Equality Year 6 Year 6 The Gulf English The Gulf English Private School Private School
ĔŨŴēĕŵŤŵŤŵĜŽļŵĜƿ ŽťżĹőŤēİŤĔĬŴĴũŐ ęēŴĔĹŨ ķijĔřŤē ǬĚŭĸ ǬĚŭĸ ĚŀĔĭŤēĚŻĶżťĥŬǞēĦżťĭŤēĚĸijİŨ ĚŻĶżťĥŬǞēĦżťĭŤēĚĸijİŨ ĚŀĔĭŤē
Ayesha Parveen Dhawa Saad Al Dosari
African Culture Rosa Parks Year 9 Year 6 Qatar Academy Sidra The Gulf English Private School
ŮżŘijĔĖĚĽĐĔŐ źĴĸŴİŤēİőĸęŵń
ĚżŝŻĴŘǜēĚŘĔŝġŤē ĺŠijĔĖēĵŴij ǯĚŭĸ ǬĚŭĸ ęijİĹŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ ĚŀĔĭŤēĚŻĶżťĥŬǞēĦżťĭŤēĚĸijİŨ
Ǩǩ ǨǨ 138 139 Chloe Abou Mrad įēĴŨŵĖĉźŵťŠ Hayfa Al Thani ŽŬĔĠţćĆĔřżű Victorine Batut ěŵĜĔĖŮŻijŵĝšżŘ Yanis Cadi źįĔŠĺżŬĔŻ Constance Chirol ţŴĴŠĺŬĔĝĹŬŵŠ Pauline D ‘Ales 忍ĉįŮżŤŵĖ Cristine El Khoury źijŵĭŤēĔŭżĝĹŻĴŠ Mustafa El Yamak şĔŨĔżŤēŹřʼnŁŨ lyvia Flamme ŧǙŘĔżřŻ Jad Gherari źijēĴżŔįĔĤ George-Adam Gholmie ŽŭżũŤŵŔŧįćģijŵĤ Kira Idris ĺŻijįčēĴżŠ Adel Jaber ĴĖĔĤţįĔŐ Dylan Labaky ŽšėŤūǙŻį Juliana Naggiar ijĔżĤĔŬĔŬĔżŤŵĤ Hisham Rassaa ŏĔŀijŧĔĽű Rami Renno ŵŬijŽŨēij Talia Roger ĴĤŴijĔżŤĔĜ Lana Sahyoun ūŵżŲŀĔŬǘ Alessandro Sardelli ŽŤįĊĸŴijİŬĔĹżŤē Tammy Sealy ŽťżĸŽŨĔĜ Rayan Tarabay ųżĖēijĔňūĔŻij Jeanne Venot ěŵŭżŘŮżĤ Alix Vilette ŹĝżťżŘĺšżŤĉ Amandine Wargnier ĴŬijēŴŮŻİŬĔŨĉ Nour Malloug ģŵŤĔŨijŵŬ
Portraits déformation ijŵŀůŵĽĜ Kindergarten ĚńŴĴŤēĚťĨĴŨ Lycée Bonaparte ěĴĖĔŬŵĖųżĹżťŤēĚĸijİŨ
Ǩǧ ǨǦ 140 141
¼ln¥" þ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĦżťĭŤēĚĸijİŨ ĚżŤŴİŤēĚũšĩŤēĚĸijİŨ
ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżĤıŵũŭŤēĚżĸįĔŝŤēĚĸijİŨ ĚżŤŴİŤēĚŀĔĭŤēijŵĭŤēĚĸijİŨ
ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēęĴŠŵŤēĚĸijİŨ ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘĚżšŻĴŨǜēĚĸijİũŤē
ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞēİũőŤēŧēĚĸijİŨ ěĔŭėťŤĚżŤŴİŤēĦŻĴėŨĔŠĚĸijİŨ
ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŮũŻēŧēĚĸijİŨ ĚżŤŴİŤēķĔėŨŵŠĚĸijİŨ
ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēİėőŨŧēĚĸijİŨ ŽŤĶŭũŤēŪżťőĝťŤĚĨŴİŤē
ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǘēĚŁřĨĚĸijİŨ ĚġŻİĩŤēĚŻİŭŲŤēĚĨŴİŤēĚĸijİŨ
ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻİőĹŤēĚũżťĨĚĸijİŨ ĚŻĶżťĥŬǞēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ
ĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēİżŤŵŤēŮĖİŤĔĬĚĸijİŨ ĚġŻİĩŤēĚŻĶżťĥŬǞēĚĸijİũŤē
ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚřżťĬĚĸijİŨ ĚĨŴİŤēŽŘĚżŬĔũŤǜēĚĸijİũŤē
ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚŤŵĬĚĸijİŨ ĚżĐĔŭġŤēĚżũŤĔőŤēęĔżĩŤēĚĸijİŨ
ŮżŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēūĔĬįĚĸijİŨ ĴʼnŜĚżŤŴİŤēūİŭŤĚĸijİŨ
ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēĚżŜijĚĸijİŨ ĴʼnŜěĴĖĔŬŵĖųżĹżťŤēĚĸijİŨ
ěĔŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŪĸĔĤĞŭĖĚńŴijĚĸijİŨ ĚżŤŴİŤēİżőżĹŨĚĸijİŨ
ŮżŭėťŤĿĔŜŴŽĖēŮĖİőĸĚĸijİŨ ĘŻĴżĽŨĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚżũĸĚĸijİŨ ijŵĭŤēĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
ŮżŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚũĹżũĸĚĸijİŨ ęijİĸĴʼnŜĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĘťʼnũŤēİėŐųťŤēİėŐĞŭĖĚżřŀĚĸijİŨ ĴʼnŜĚżŤŴİŤēŢĸĚĸijİŨ
ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēįĔŻĵŮĖśijĔňĚĸijİŨ ĚŀĔĭŤēĚŻĶżťĥŬǞēĦżťĭŤēĚĸijİŨ
ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚšĜĔŐĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚżťżũĥŤēĚĸijİŨ
ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēŪĸĔĤŮĖŮũĨĴŤēİėŐĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭĖĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚżťżĹŤē
ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēĘŤĔňŽĖēŮĖŽťŐĚĸijİŨ ěĔŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŪŜijǜēĚżũŻįĔŠĉ
ŮżŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞĴżũŐŮĖĘőŁŨĚĸijİŨ ěĔŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĘűŴĞŭĖĚŭŨć
ěĔŭėťŤĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĚŬŵũżŨĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻįēİŐǞēŞŻİŁŤēĴšĖŵĖēĚĸijİŨ
ĚŀĔĭŤēěĔĤĔżĝĨǞēźŴIJŤĪťřĽŤēĶŠĴŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚťŝĝĹũŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēŽŬĔĠţćİũĩŨŮĖİũĨēĚĸijİŨ
ĚŻİŭŲŤēūĔĝżšżŬŽĝŬĔļĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚŻįēİŐǘēŚŭĨǘēĚĸijİŨ
ǧǩ ěĔŭėťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĆĔũżĽŤēĚĸijİŨ ŮżŭėťŤĚŀĔĭŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēĚżĐēİĝĖǞēĺŤİŬǜēĚĸijİŨ ǧǨ 148 149 ŚĩĝũĖŪżťőĝŤēŪĹŜŽŘĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠ
źĴřżĸĔżĤijŵĤŴijİŭĹšŤēĔŻijŵĝšżŘ ŪżťőĝŤēŞŻĴŘ ŃijĔőũŤēŴŚĨĔĝũŤēęijēįčĴżĝĹĤĔŨĚėťň ĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠ
ŽŘŃijĔőũŤēŴŚĨĔĝũŤēęijēįčĴżĝĹĤĔŨĦŨĔŬĴĖŮŨĆĶĥŠ©ŽŘŦŨĊĜªŃĴőũŤĚũżťőĜĚʼnĽŬĉŪżōŭĝŤęŵŐįĔŭŤĞŲĤŴƿ ůIJűĔŭŤĞʼnŐĉİŝŘȕįĔŁĝŜǘēŴĚżŤĔũŤēŴħĴĹũŤĔŠĚżũŻįĔŠǜēĔŭĜĔŁŁĭĜĚżřťĬŏŵŭĝŤēĴōŬŴĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠƻ ŹťŐūĔŻŴİżĖţēijĔŨŴŚĩĝũŤēİĤūŵŭĝũŨŮĩŭŘēIJŤȕĚżŭŲũŤēŚĨĔĝũŤēĚđżĖŽŘŦũőŤēĚĖĴĥĝŤĚŀĴřŤƻ ēŚĩĝŨŽŘĚĖĴĥĝŤē ĚőĐēĴŤēĚŀĴřŤēůIJűĔŭĐĔʼnŐ菝ŐȕĿŵŁĭŤēųĤŴ
ţǙĬŮŨǨǦǧǫ–ǨǦǧǪĕǙʼnťŤĚżŭřŤēŚĩĝŨŃĴőŨŴĚŝĖĔĹŨĚŻēİĖIJŭŨĚŠijĔĽũŤēŮŨŪżťőĝŤēŞŻĴŘŽŘŦũőŤēĔŭŭšŨ ĕǙʼnŤēęİŐĔĹũŤĚũĐēİŤēŚĩĝŨĚŐŵũĥũŤĚũũŁŨěǘŵĤŪŻİŝĜĘŬĔĤŹŤčȖŮżũťőũťŤŽũżťőĜŦżŤįŪżũŁĜ ūŵšĜŴĚżŁĭļęijŵŀūŵšŻūĉŮšũŻĔŨŽŘĴōŭŤēŹťŐĕǙʼnŤēĔŭőĥļİŜŴŪŲĜĔŠijĔĽŨįēİŐ菝ŐŪŲżũťőŨŴ ŚĩĝũŤēĚŐŵũĥŨŮũńĚżŭřŤēţĔũŐǜēŮŨęĔĨŵĝĹŨ
ĚżĸēijİŤēĚŻĴũőŤēěĔđřŤēŒżũĤŽʼnőĜūĉĔŲŬĊļŮŨŽĝŤēĚżũżťőĝŤēĚʼnĽŬǜēŴěĔżŤĔőřŤēŮŨŦŨĔļĦŨĔŬĴĖŪżũŁĝĖĔŭũŜ ŪżũŁĝĖĔŭũŜŃĴőũťŤŽĹżĐĴŤēħĔĝĝŘǘēŹŤčŽĐİėũŤēħĔĝĝŘǘēŮũŘųŭŨŪťőĝŤēŴŃĴőũŤēŽŘĚŠijĔĽũťŤĚŀĴřŤē ©ȗĚżŁĭĽŤēęijŵŁŤēŽűĔŨªŧŵŲřũĖŪűĴĸĉŴijĔ࣍ēţĔřňǜēşēĴļčĔŲŬĊļŮŨĚżťũŐĚżŐēİĖčŦũŐĻijŴ ŧǙšŤēŴĚŠĴĩŤēŴĆŵŅŤēŴĔŻēĴũŤĔŠĚŐŵŭĝŨěĔŨĔĬŴěēŴįĉŧēİĭĝĸēŹťŐĚʼnĽŬǜēůIJűĞťũļŴ
ĔŜǙĬēƻ ijİŁŨūŵšĝŤȕĚʼnĽŬǜēŮŠijŽŘŃĴőũŤēęĴĝŘţǙĬĚŐŵŭĝŨĕĔőŤĉŴĚżŲżĤŵĜƻ ěēįĔļijčŴįēŵŨĴżŘŵĝĖĔŭũŜĔũŠ ŚĩĝŨęijĔŻĵęįŴĔőŨŹťŐijēŴĶŤēĢĩŤēİżřŨēƻ ijİŁŨĚʼnĽŬǜēŮŠijūĔŠŪŲĜijĔŻĵţǙĬĞŜŴźĉŽŘŃĴőũŤēijēŴĵŧĔŲŤǞƻ ŮŠĴŤēēIJűĔŲĨĔĜĉŽĝŤēĚżťŐĔřĝŤēŴĚĨĴũŤēįēŵũŤēŮŨęįĔřĝĸǙŤ
ĚżťŠĕǙʼnŤŚĩĝŨĚėĝšŨŽŘĚ໫ēĚżĐĔŭĠĚĽŜĔŭŨěĴĤŴęįİĩŨěĔđŘĞŘİŲĝĸēŽĝŤēěĔżŤĔőřŤēŮŨİŻİőŤēĔŅŻĉĔŬİŝŐƻ ĚŀĴřŤēŇĔĽŭŤēēIJűŹʼnŐĉŴŃĴőũŤēŽŘĚŭżřŤēŪŲŤĔũŐĉŃĴŐŪĜŮŻIJŤēĚŻŵŬĔġŤēķijēİũŤēĕǙňŴȕĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤ ēŵũĸĔŝĜĢżĨȕĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠĕǙňŢŤIJŠŴņőėŤēŪŲŅőĖŮŨŪťőĝŤēŴŦŀēŵĝťŤĚŻŵŬĔġŤēķijēİũŤēĕǙʼnŤ ȕŪŲĜēijİŜŚťĝĭũĖěĔđřŤēŒżũĤģēijįčŒżĥĽĜŦĤĉŮŨŴĚŜǙĬūŵšĜūĉŹťŐŪűĶřĩŻĔŨŴĚżŭřŤēŪŲŤĔũŐĉĆēijŴŧĔŲŤǞē ŽŘŪŲŠijĔļčŪĜİŝŘ ĶŻİĖĞĹĖ ĚżŤŴİŤēĆĔŜİŀǜēŦŅŘĉĦŨĔŬĴĖŮŨĆĶĤŪűŮŻIJŤēŴĚżŭűIJŤēĚŜĔŐǞēźŴıţĔřňǜĔŠ ĴżġŠŴȕĕĔėĽŤēŮŨĚŐŵũĥũŤĪũĸŇĔĽŭŤēēIJűŮżʼnŤēŧēİĭĝĸĔĖĚżŐēİĖčęijŵŀŦũőŤĚļijŴŽŘŴȕŚĩĝũŤēţŵĨĚŤŵĤ ŪŲĹřŬĉŮŐĴżėőĝŤēŴŮřŤēŮŐİŻĶũŤēĚŘĴőŨȕŦėŜŮŨŚĩĝŨęijĔŻĵųŤŞėĹŻŪŤŪŲŭŨ
ĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠŽŘĴżĝĹĤĔũŤēĦŨĔŬĴĖŮŨźĴōŭŤēĘŬĔĥŤēŞżėʼnĜĚĖĴĥĝŤēůIJűĔŭŤĞĩŭĸȕŽŁĭĽŤēŶŵĝĹũŤēŹťŐ ęŵŝŤēŇĔŝŬİŻİĩĜŹťŐŮŻijįĔŜĔŭŠİĨēŴŞŻĴřŠĚżŤĔőŘŴęĆĔřšĖŦũőťŤĚĖŵťʼnũŤēĚŬŵżťŤēěēijĔŲŨŮŐǙŅŘȕĴʼnŜƻ ĚőĝũŤēĞŬĔŠŴȕĔŻİĩĜĔŭŤĞťšļęĴżġŨŴĚőĐēijĚĖĴĥĜĞŬĔŠİŝŤņőėŤēĔŭŅőĖŮŨĴżġšŤƻ ēĔŭũťőĜĔũŠȕĔŭŨŦšŤĚżĹżĐĴŤē ŦšŠĔŭĝĖĴĥĜŽŘĵĴĖǜēĔũűķĔũĩŤēŴ
ęİŻĴřŤēĚŀĴřŤēůIJűĚĨĔĜǞŚĩĝũŤēĴšļŴĔŬŴİŐĔĸŮŻIJŤēŮżŐŵʼnĝũŤēŮŨŪűĴżŔŴĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťšŤƻ ǙŻĶĤƻ ēĴšļƻ
ǧǧ 150 ĴʼnŜŽŘĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠŒŨūŴĔőĝŤē
ķĔżĜŵŘēijĔŠĺżŬĔŘŵżĠ ŏŴĴĽũŤēĴŻİŨ ŃijĔőũŤēŴŚĨĔĝũŤēęijēįčĴżĝĹĤĔŨĘŤĔň ĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠ
ţĔĩŤēūĔŠĔũŠȕŃijĔőũŤēijēŴĵůijŵŁĝŻİŜĔũŨĴġŠĉİżŝőĝŤēęİŻİļĚżťũŐĘťʼnĝŻŽŭŘŃĴőŨIJżřŭĝŤŊżʼnĭĝŤēūč ŮŨĆĶĥŠŃĴőũŤēēIJűŪŻİŝĜŪĜİŝŤǨǦǧǫ–ǨǦǧǪĚġŤĔġŤēųĜijŴįŽŘĕǙʼnťŤŽŭřŤēŚĩĝŨŃĴőŨŪżũŁĝŤĚėĹŭŤĔĖ ŪĹŜŒŨūŴĔőĝŤĔĖĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťšĖŃijĔőũŤēŴŚĨĔĝũŤēęijēįčĴżĝĹĤĔŨŪĹŜųŨİŝŻźIJŤēğēĴĝŤēĚũĤĴĜęİĨŴ ŮżĖūŴĔőĝŤēĚŀǙĬŃĴőũŤēēIJűĴėĝőŻĚŝżŝĩŤēŽŘĚĨŴİŤēŽŘĢŻİĩŤēŮřťŤŽĖĴőŤēŚĩĝũŤē ŚĩĝŨŽŘŪżťőĝŤē ĔŨĔŐŵŬųĝĖŵőŀŮŨŪŔĴŤēŹťŐȕĴżėŠƻ ŦšĽĖĚĖĴĥĝŤēŶĴĠĉźIJŤēŴȕĚżŘĔŝĠĚĹĸČŨŴĚżũżťőĜĚĹĸČŨƽ
ęįŵĥŤēŴįİĩũŤēĞŜŵŤēĘĹĨųĝŻĶűĔĤŮŨİŠĊĝŤēŴȕųĤŴŦũŠĉŹťŐůIJżřŭĜŮŐţŴČĹŨĔŬĊŘȕŏŴĴĽũŤēĴŻİŨŽŬŵŠ ţĔŁŻčŴȕĚĨĔĝũŤēįijēŵũŤēŧēİĭĝĸĔĖĚŨĵǙŤēěēĆēĴĤǞēŒżũĤŊżʼnĭĜŦġŨŧĔŲŨęİőĖŧĔżŝŤēŹŤčĚŘĔńǞĔĖȕĚĖŵťʼnũŤē ŦũőŤēĚżŤćŪżżŝĜŴİŀijŴĴňĔĭũŤēİŻİĩĜŴȕŮżżĤijĔĭŤēĆĔŠĴĽŤēŒŨŞżĹŭĝŤēŴȕħŵńŵĖŞŻĴřŤēŹŤčŏŴĴĽũŤēŗēİűĉ ȕĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠŽűŴĚŜŵŨĴŨĚżũŻįĔŠĉĚĹĸČũŤĚżŭŲũŤēŪżŝŤēŏŴĴĽũŤēēIJűĺšőŻŏŴĴĽũŤēħĔĥŬūĔũŅŤ ĢŻİĩŤēŮřťŤŽĖĴőŤēŚĩĝũŤē ŚĩĝŨŵűŴŽũŤĔŐŚĩĝŨŒŨūŴĔőĝŤēţǙĬŮŨ
ĚėťʼnŤĚżũżťőĜĚĖĴĥĜŵűķĔĸǜēŽŘŏŴĴĽũŤēūĉĢżĨȕĕŵťʼnũŤēūĵēŵĝŤēįĔĥŻčŹŤčĚĤĔĨşĔŭűūĔŠȕŢŤıŹťŐęŴǙŐŴ ŞŻĴŘŒŨĔŭťũŐȕŢŤıŦŠŞżŝĩĝŤŴŚĩĝũŤĚżũżťőĝŤēŗēİűǜēŴĴżŻĔőũŤēŞŝĩŻūĉųżťŐĞŜŵŤēĺřŬŽŘŴĚőŨĔĥŤēƿ ħĔĥŭĖųŘēİűĉūŵŝŝĩŻŴȕųŭŨūŵũťőĝŻȕĪńēŴŶĶŕŨŴıŃĴőŨŦũŐŮŨŪŲŭšǀ ũƾ ĜĚũŲťƿ ŨĚŝŻĴʼnĖŦũőŤēƿ
̝ŝĸĚżťũőŤēĞťũļŴȖŃĴőũŤēŮŐĔűijŴİĖěĴřĸĉŽĝŤēŴĚŝĖĔĹũťŤŧŵŲřŨŒńŵĖȕǨǦǧǪĴĖŵĝŠĉŽŘŏŴĴĽũŤēĉİĖ ŪżōŭĜŪżűĔřŨŗĔĽšĝĸēŴĚżũżťőĝŤēįijēŵũŤēŮŨēĆİĖȕŽŬŴĴĝšŤǞēŚĩĝŨŒŜŵũŤĔƻ ŁżŁĬĚũũŁŨěēĴżżŕĝŤēŮŨƻ ĔŲŨİŜŽĝŤēĚżŭřŤēţĔũŐǜēĴŻŵŁĜŴŮŻĶĭĜŴŧǙĝĸēŴijĔżĝĬēŹŤčĚŘĔńǞĔĖȕęĴżėšŤēĚżŝŻŵĹĝŤēěǙũĩŤēŴŃijĔőũŤē ůIJűŦŠęĴũĠĞŬĔŠŴěēŵʼnĭŤēůIJűŮŨęŵʼnĬŦŠŪżżŝĜŴħĔĝĝŘǘēŧŵżŤŊżʼnĭĝŤēŴŃĴőũŤēĶżŲĥĜŹĝĨȕĕǙʼnŤē ȕĕǙʼnŤēŶİŤŏēİĖǞĔĖţĔřĝĨǟŤĆĔŅŘŹŤčŚĩĝŨěǘĔŀĞŤŵĩĜĢżĨȕǨǦǧǫŦŻĴĖĉǪŽŘĪĤĔŭŤēħĔĝĝŘǘēįŵŲĥŤē ĔŲŐēİĖčĕĔėĽŤēĕǙʼnŤēĴżŔİĨǜŮšũŻǘȕęİŻĴŘĚŝŻĴʼnĖŃŴĴőũŤēŮřŤĔĖijĔėšŤēŴijĔ࣍ēijēŴĶŤēŒĝũĝĸēĢżĨ
ǯ 152 ĚġŤĔġŤēęĴũťŤŽŘŦŨĊĜ
ūĔŻŴİżĖţēijĔŨ ĚĖĔŬǞĔĖŪżťőĝŤēŪĹŜĺżĐij
ŽŭřŤēŚĩĝŨŃĴőŨŴĚŝĖĔĹŨŪżōŭĜŮŐĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠĕǙňŴŚĩĝŨŽŘŪżťőĝŤēŪĹŜŮżĖūŴĔőĝŤēĴřĸĉ ĚġŤĔġŤēųĜijŴįŽŘĕǙʼnťŤ
ŮŐŪŲŤēČĸţǙĬŮŨĴʼnŜŽŘķijēİũŤēĕǙňŶİŤźİĩĝťŤūĔŭőŤēŞťňĉĔũŨȕŪżťőĝŤēŒŨŃĴőũŤēŪżũŁĜĦŨįŪĜ ŹťŐŮżũżŝŤēijēŴįĉŽŤŵĝŤŃijĔőũŤēŴŚĨĔĝũŤēęijēįčĴżĝĹĤĔŨĚėťňŒŘįĔũŨȖŮřŤēĴżĹřĝĖŽŬĔőũŤēĿǙĭĝĸēĚżřżŠ ŚĩĝũŤēŽŘŪżťőĝŤēŮżŝĹŭŨŴŮżũũŁũŤēŴŃĴőũŤē
ęįİőĝŨǘĔšļĉIJĭĝĜĚżŁĭĽŤēijŵŁŤēūĉķĔĸĉŹťŐķijēİũŤēĕǙňŹťŐ³ȗĚżŁĭĽŤēƻ ęijŵŁŤēŽűĔŨ´ ţēČĸĔŭĨĴň ŃĴŐŽŘŪʼnĜĴĜŽűŴģēŵŨǜēĚŠĴĨŴĉĺżĸĔĨĉŴěĔŻĴŠıĢėŻĔżŝżĸŵŨēƻ ĴżėőĜŴĉĚżĭŻijĔĜĚōĩŤĺšőĜūĉĔŲŬĊļŮŨƻ ŒĸŵĜĔŲŬĉĔũŠĚżŨŵŜŴĉĚŻįĴŘĞŬĔŠĆēŵĸĚŻŵŲŤēŚŻĴőĝŤęĴšĝėŨěĔĖijĔŝŨĚńŴĴőũŤēĚżŭřŤēţĔũŐǜēħĴʼnĜŴŊżĩũŤē ĚżŁĭĽŤēęijŵŁŤēųżŭőĜūĉŮšũŻĔũŤĔŭŠēijįčŴĔŭũŲŘįŴİĨ
ŚĩĝŨĚŐŵũĥŨŽŘĚżŭřŤēţĔũŐǜēŹťŐįĔũĝŐǘēķijēİũŤēĕǙňŹťŐūĔŠȕŚĩĝũŤēŽŘĚũĐēİŤēĚŐŵũĥũŤēŽĨŴŮŨ ŖżŁŤēŴŮřťŤĚŻİżťŝĝŤēţĔšļǜēŮżőŘĔżŤēŮżŬĔŭřŤēŶİĩĝŻŚżŠŮżėŻēIJűŴěēIJŤēijŵŀŮŨęįİőĝŨŽŬĔőŨŗĔĽšĝĸǘ ŪŲĖŊżĩŻĔũĖŪŲĝŜǙőŤŪŲŠēijįčŴŪŲũŲŘūŵńĴőŻŪűŽŤĔĝŤĔĖŴĔŲŬŴijŵʼnŻŴŪżűĔřũŤēŴĉijĔšŘǝŤęĴĥĩĝũŤē
ŪŲĝŠijĔĽŨŪŻİŝĝĖŦŻĴĖĉǪŽŘĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠĕǙňŧĔŜĢżĨȕŮżĝťŁřŭŨŮżĝėĸĔŭŨŽŘŃĴőũŤēĪĝĝŘē ĔŭėĨijŴȕŵŻĔŨǫŽŘijŵŲũĥťŤŃĴőũŤēĪĝƽ ĝŘēŪĠŮŻĶĐĔřŤēķijēİũŤēĕǙňŮŨijĔĝĭŨįİŐŒŨĚĽŜĔŭŨĔŲőėĜŴŪŲŬēƿ ĴŜĉŒŨ ĚżŐēİĖǞēĚʼnĽŬǜēŦšĖŒżũĥŤēŒĝũĝĸēĢżĨȕķijēİũŤēŴijŵŨǜēĆĔżŤŴĉŴŮżŠĴĝĽũŤēĕǙʼnŤēŮŨĴĐēĵǫǦǦŮŨĴġŠĊĖ ĚżŝżĸŵũŤēŃŴĴőŤēŴ
ŽšŤĚũĐĔŝŤēĦŨēĴėŤēŹťŐĆĔŭėťŤķijēİũŤēŴĚżũŻįĔŠǜēŇĔĸŴǜēŒŨūŴĔőĝŤĔĖųŘēİűĉŹťŐŚĩĝŨŽŘŪżťőĝŤēŪĹŜŎŘĔĩŻ IJżřŭĝŤēŪĠŮŨŴŊżʼnĭĝŤēŹŤčijŵŁĝŤēŴŮŨŴȕijŵŁĝŤēŹŤčęĴšřŤēŮũŘȕęįİőĝŨěĔŻŵĝĹŨŹťŐŒżũĥŤēĔŲŭŨİżřĝĹŻ
ĴŻŵʼnĜŴŪŲŘŗİŲĖŚĩĝũŤēţĔĥŨŽŘŦŨĔŐŽŭŲŨŴŪťőŨŴĚĸijİŨĘŤĔňŴŽőŨĔĤĘŤĔňŦŠŏŴĴĽũŤēŽŘşijĔļ ĚũĐēİŤēŚĩĝŨĚŐŵũĥŨųŤŵĨijŵĩũĝĜźIJŤēĴŀĔőũŤēŴĢŻİĩŤēŮřŤēĮŻijĔĜŪŲŘŴĴŻİŝĝŤŢŤIJŠŴźİŝŭŤēŴŽťżťĩĝŤēĴżšřĝŤē
ǙűIJƻ ŨĔƿ ńĴőŨēŵŨİŜŮŻIJŤēŚĩĝŨŽřŌŵŨŴĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠĕǙʼnŤĿĔĬĴšƻ ļ
ǭ 154 ŃijĔőũŤēŪżũŁĜŴĚżŭřŤēĚżĖĴĝŤē
ŧŴĴŠųťŤēİėŐ ĴŻİŨ ĢŻİĩŤēŮřťŤŽĖĴőŤēŚĩĝũŤē ŚĩĝŨ
ĴšřŤēĴŻŵʼnĜĢżĨŮŨěĔőŨĔĥŤēŹŤčŚĩĝũŤēĘŻĴŝĝŤĚŀĴŘĕǙʼnťŤźŵŭĹŤēŽŭřŤēŚĩĝŨŃĴőŨŴĚŝĖĔĹŨİőĜ ĚŀĴřŤēĚŭĹŤēůIJűĦŨĔŬĴĖĪŭƾŨİŝŘȕěǙĐĔőŤēŴķijēİũŤēŮŨĴżėŠįİŐŒŨūŴĔőĝŤēţǙĬŮŨȕŃijĔőũŤēƾ ŒŭŀŴŽŬŴĔőĝŤē ěĔżĥŲŭŨŴģĔĝŬčŦėƿĸŗĔĽšĝĸǘĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťšĖŃijĔőũŤēŴŚĨĔĝũŤēęijēįčŽŘĴżĝƿ ĹĤĔũŤēĕǙʼnŤ ŃijĔőũŤēŪżũŁĜ
ŧēİĭĝĸĔĖĚőŨĔĥŤēĕǙňŧĔŜŃĴőũŤēēIJűŮũŅŘȕĚżŭřŤēěēĴėĭŤēŴŗijĔőũŤēţįĔėĝŤĔǀ ŬĔšŨųŬŵŠŽŘŚĩĝŨĴũĝĹŻŴƻ ŢŤıŴŚĩĝũĖŪżťőĝŤēŪĹŜěĔĨĔĹŨŮũńŃĴőũŤēIJżřŭĜŴĶżŲĥĝŤĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠŽŘŃĴőŤēěǘĔŀ ȕźİŝŭŤēĴżšřĝŤēŴŃijĔőũŤēŪżōŭĜĚĖĴĥĝŤĚŀĴŘĔŲŬčŚĩĝũŤēĔŲĖĴŲĝĽŻŽĝŤēĴżĹřĝŤēŴŃĴőŤēĘżŤĔĸĉŧēİĭĝĸĔĖƿ ęĴšŘŮŨēĆİĖŃijĔőũŤēŪżōŭĜśĴňŽŘĴżšřĝťŤĚŀĴŘŮżŠijĔĽũŤēĪŭũŻŴŚĨĔĝũŤēŽƻ ŘŪżťőĝŤĔĖŹŭőŻŃĴőũŤēēIJŲŘƿ ĴŻŵʼnĜŹťŐĆĔŭėťŤŮŻĴńĔĩũŤēŴĕǙʼnŤēŒŨŚĨĔĝũŤēŽŘŮżťŨĔőŤēŊĖijĘŬĔĤŹŤčȕŽĐĔŲŭŤēŃĴőŤēŹĝĨŴųĤĔĝŬčŴŃĴőũŤē ŃĴőŤēěǘĔŀŹŤčŪżťőĝŤēěĔŐĔŜŮŨĔŲťŝŬŴŚĨĔĝũŤēěĔĸēijį
ŽĝŤēĚũűĔĹũŤēŴĢĩėŤēĚżťũŐŢŤIJŠŴķijēİũŤēŴĕǙʼnťŤęİŻİőŤēěĔŠijĔĽũŤēŞżĠŵĜŦĤĉŮŨĕĔĝšŤēēIJűŪũŀİŝŤƿ ĔĤıŵũŬĚĹĸČũŤēůIJűŦőĤŽŘĔƻ żĹżĐijēƻ ijŴįĘőťŻŚĩĝŨūčŃĴőũŤēēIJűŮŐěĴũĠĉŽĝŤēŴĚőŨĔĥŤēĕǙňĔŲĖŧĔŜƻ ĔŭĝĹĸČŨūēijİĤģijĔĬŪżťőĝŤēĦŨĔŬĴĖĴĽŬŴŚĨĔĝũŤēŪżũŁĜŽŘ
ĚŘĔŠŽŘŮżġĨĔėŤēŮŨİŻİőŤēŮŨųĖĴŝŤŚĩĝũŤēŦũŐŦŲĹƾ ŻĴʼnŜĚĹĸČŨŽŘĚżũżťőĝŤēĚŭŻİũŤēŦĬēįĔŭőŜŵŨūčƿ ĚżėŻĴĥĜūŵšĜūĉĚżũżťőĝŤēŴĚżŭřŤēĔŭĥŨēĴėŤŮšũŻĕǙʼnŤēŴŮżũťőũŤēŴĚőŨĔĥŤēŽřŌŵŨŮŨŦŠŦŅřĖŴȕěǘĔĥũŤē ŦũőŤēŴĢĩėŤēŴŏēİĖǞēŹťŐţĔġũŠĚŠijĔĽũŤēŹťŐęĶřĩŨŴ
ǫ 156 ǨǦǧǫ–ǨǦǧǪĕǙʼnťŤŽŭřŤēŚĩĝŨŃĴőŨŴĚŝĖĔĹŨŒŨŮŨēĶĝŤĔĖģŵŤĔĝšŤēēIJűĴĽŬ ĚĨŴİŤēȕĢŻİĩŤēŮřťŤŽĖĴőŤēŚĩĝũŤē ŚĩĝŨŽŘ İżŲũĜ ǨǦǧǫŵŻĔŨǩǧŹŤčǨǦǧǫŦŻĴĖĉǪŮŨ
ŚĨĔĝũŤēęijēįčĴżĝĹĤĔŨĚėťňŒŨūŴĔőĝŤĔĖ ŵũĹŤēĚėĨĔŀ ĴʼnŜĚżőŨĔĥŤēūİŭŤĚżťŠŽŘŃijĔőũŤēŴ ĴŀĔŬĞŭĖēĵŵŨĚĭżĽŤē ŧŵťőŤēŴĚżĖĴĝťŤĴʼnŜĚĹĸČŨęijēįčĺťĥŨĺżĐij ŽŬĔĠţćĚřżťĬŮĖİũĨĞŭĖĚĸĔżũŤēĚĭżĽŤēęįĔőĸ ŗēĴļĎĖ ŒũĝĥũŤēĚżũŭĜŴ ĴʼnŜŚĨĔĝŨĆĔŭŨĉĺťĥŨĺżĐij ŦĹŠĉŮŻijĔŠį ęįĔőĹŤēĚėĨĔŀ ijĔėŤĆǘć ŽŬĔĠţćĚřżťĬŮĖİũĨĞŭĖĚĸĔżũŤēĚĭżĽŤē ĺŻŵŤēĚŭŨć ŪŲĜēijİŜĴŻŵʼnĝŤĚŀĴřŤēĕǙʼnŤēŴķijēİũŤēĪŭũĜŽŲŘĔŭőũĝĥũŤŧİŝĝŤēěēŴįĉŶİĨčŽűĚżŭřŤēĚżĖĴĝŤēūĊĖŮŨČŬŮĩŬ ĴʼnŜŚĨĔĝŨĆĔŭŨĉĺťĥŨĺżĐij ĴŻŴŴijİŬĉ ęĴũĝĹũŤēĔŲĜēĴżżŕĜŴĔŭĝđżėĖŽŐŵŤēŴşēijįǞēĺĨŪŲŻİŤijŵʼnĜŴĮŻijĔĝŤēŴŮřŤēŮŐİŻĶũŤēĚŘĴőũŤŴĚżŐēİĖǞēƿ ŽĤĔĝťĖĚŭżġĖ ęįĔőĹŤēĘĨĔŀ śēĵĴŤēİėŐĔũŻį ŽŬĔĠţ掝ŐŮĖİũĩŨŮĖŮĹĨĮżĽŤē ĴŀĔőũŤēŴĢŻİĩŤēŮřŤēŗĔĽšĝĸēŞŻĴňŮŐŪťőĝŤēĕǙʼnťŤźŵŭĹŤēŽŭřŤēŚĩĝŨŃĴőŨŴĚŝĖĔĹŨĦŨĔŬĴĖĵĶőŻ źĴřżĸĔżĤijŵĤ ĴʼnŜŚĨĔĝŨĆĔŭŨĉĺťĥŨĺżĐijĘĐĔŬ ĕǙʼnŤēĢĨŽŘųėŬēŵĤįİőĝŤĦŨĔŬĴėŤēēIJŲŤħĔĥŭŤēŮũšŻŴĔŲŐŵŬŮŨęİŻĴřŤēŚĩĝŨţĔũŐĉĚŐŵũĥŨţǙĬŮŨ ŚŀćŮĹĨ ŮřŤēĴżĹřĜŴĚŠijĔĽũŤēŹťŐ źĵĴĜĔŭŻijĔĜĔŠ įŵũĩŨţćŪżűēĴĖčŮĖijŵŁŭŨ ūĔŅŨijĔŭżŤ ĆĔŭŨǜēĺťĥŨĺżĐijęįĔőĸijĔĽĝĹŨ ěĔŐŵńŵŨěijĔĠĉŽĝŤēŴİŻİĥŤēĴšřŤēŮŨęįİőĝŨŽŬĔőŨŗĔĽšĝĸǘĚŀĴŘĕǙʼnťŤĦŨĔŬĴėŤēŧİƾ ŜĚġŤĔġŤēųĜijŴįŽŘƾ ŽŬĔĠţćĔŲŨ źijĔŁŬǜēęĴżŭŨ ĴʼnŜŚĨĔĝŨŽŘĚĖĔŬǞĔĖźIJżřŭĝŤēĺżĐĴŤēŴ ţēČĸŹťŐįĴŤēŴĕŴĔĥĝŤēŪĜŴȕĚĸijİŨǫǪŮŨĔżŭŘƻ ǙũŐǧǪǨųżŘŃĴƻ ŐŃĴőŨĚŨĔŜčĔŲŭŐěĴřĸĉĚřťĝĭŨƿ ŢżŘŵťŘĔŠĔżŬĔũżŬ ȗųŻĴĜijŵėŤēŴĉĚżŁĭĽŤēęijŵŁŤēŽűĔŨ ķĔżĜŵŘēijĔŠĺżŬĔŘŵżĠ ŧŴĴŠųťŤēİėŐį ijİŭĹšŤēĔŻijŵĝšżŘ ĢŻİĩŤēŮřťŤŽĖĴőŤēŚĩĝũŤē ŚĩĝŨĴŻİŨ ĕǙʼnťŤźŵŭĹŤēŽŭřŤēŚĩĝŨŃĴőŨŴĚŝĖĔĹŨūĎŘȕŏēİĖǞēŦżĤěĔĤĔżĝĨēĚżėťĝŤĴʼnŜŚĨĔĝŨŗēİűĉŒŨĔżļĔũĜƻ ēİűĔļŚŝĜŴŽŭřŤēŪżťőĝŤēęijįĔėŨęįĔŻĴŤĚŻijŴĴńŽűŴŚĨĔĝũŤēŽŘĚżšƻ żŨĔŭŻİŤēŪżťőĝŤēĦŨēĴĖİĨĉŮŨİőĜƿ ģŵŤĔĝšŤēIJżřŭĜŴŪżũŁĜ ŚĩĝũĖŪżťőĝŤēŪĹŜŪżōŭĜŮŨŃĴőũŤē ĚĭĹŭŤēŽŘĚŠijĔĽũťŤŮżũťőũŤēŴķijēİũŤēŮŨİŻĶũŤēŒĥĽŬŮĩŬŴȕŽŐēİĖǞēŪťőĝŤēţǙĬŮŨųŝżŝĩĜĔŭŭšũŻĔŨŹťŐ ĴʼnŜŚĨĔĝŨŽŘěĔŐŵėʼnũŤēęijēįč ūĔŻŴİżĖţēijĔŨ ŒŨūŴĔőĝŤĔĖŒĐēĴŤēŏŴĴĽũŤēēIJűĚŻįĊĜŽŘůijŴįŴŚĩĝũĖŪżťőĝŤēŞŻĴŘįŵŲĥĖİżļĉūĉįŴĉŴĦŨĔŬĴėŤēēIJűŮŨĚťėŝũŤē ŽũżőŭŤēŽťŐŪŻĴŨ ęİĐēijĚżŘĔŝĠĚŲĤŴĚżĝřŤēĔŭĝĹĸČŨŦőĤŴŪżťőĝŤēŴğŵĩėťŤĴʼnŜĚĹĸČŨŴĴʼnŜŚĨĔĝŨŮŨŦǀ ŠŽŘĚťŐĔřŤēěĔŲĥŤē ĴŻŵŁĜ ŮŻıŵťŤēŽťŐŪŻĴŨ ĴŻŴŴijİŬĉ źįĔŅőũŤēĕŵŝőŻŪŻĴŨ ŪĜĔĨĆĔũĸĉ ŚĩĝŨŽŘİŐĔĹŨĘŤĔň ūĔŘŵŀūĔũŻč ŽŬēĴĩėŤēİũĨĉŪŻij
ĚũĤĴĜ ūĔŻŴİżĖţēijĔŨ ŽũżőŭŤēŽťŐŪŻĴŨ ŪĜĔĨĆĔũĸĉ
ĢŻİĩŤēŮřťŤŽĖĴőŤēŚĩĝũŤē ŚĩĝŨŦėŜŮŨǨǦǧǬŽŘĴĽŬ ĴʼnŜȕĚĨŴİŤēȕǨǭǭǭĕĿȕĴʼnŜŚĨĔĝŨ
ĴʼnŜŚĨĔĝŨȕĢŻİĩŤēŮřťŤŽĖĴőŤēŚĩĝũŤē ŚĩĝŨĚŌŵřĩŨśŵŝĩŤēŒżũĤ
ǩ 158