Kara Romantizm, Düşsel İmgeler Ve Kâbus Resimleri

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Kara Romantizm, Düşsel İmgeler Ve Kâbus Resimleri Hacettepe Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü Resim Anasanat Dalı Kara Romantizm, Düşsel İmgeler ve Kâbus Resimleri Cumhur Okay ÖZGÖR Sanatta Yeterlik Tezi Ankara, 2017 Kara Romantizm, Düşsel İmgeler ve Kâbus Resimleri Cumhur Okay ÖZGÖR Sanatta Yeterlik Tezi Ankara, 2017 i ÖZET ÖZGÖR, Cumhur Okay. Kara Romantizm, Düşsel İmgeler ve Kâbus Resimleri, Sanatta Yeterlik Tezi, Ankara, 2017 İlk olarak, 1930 yılında Mario Praz’ın adlandırmasıyla Kara Romantizm (Dark Romanticsm), garip görünümlerin resmedildiği, şok ve dehşet tasvirlerinin yoğunlaşıldığı, estetizmle Sembolizm’in, dekadan (çöküş) ile akıl dışılığın kendini iç içe bulduğu bir anlayış olarak sanat dünyasına egemen olmuştur. Orta Çağ’dan itibaren cehennem tasvirleriyle birlikte özellikle XVIII. yüzyıldan günümüze, insanın iç çatışmalarını yansıtan kara resimler, gotik edebiyatın hayaletlerini, canavarlarını ve histeri krizi içindeki ruh hallerini tuvale taşır. XVIII. yüzyıldan günümüze sanat eserlerinde yer alan grotesk bedenler üzerinden biçim kazanan karanlık kâbuslar, yıkım ve ölüm içgüdüsü, delilik, gizem, irrasyonellik, suç ve distopik olan tüm olgular, metafizik evrenin varlık alanları olarak, Kara Romantizm’in başlıca öğeleridir. Edebiyatta Kara Romantizm, kendisine neo-gotik (yeni gotik) olarak yer bulurken, akıl çağına, dönemin politikasına ve devrimlere tepki olarak karşımıza çıkar. Karanlık, kasvetli olanın önem kazandığı, daha çok kötümser (pesimist) doğayı ele alan gotik romanlar, günümüze kadar popülerliğini sürdürür. İngiliz Gotiği ile ilişkili olarak, feodal gücün imajları olan şatolar ve kaleler daha sonraları Amerikan Gotiği’nde ev ile ilişkili hale gelmiştir. Harabeler, mezarlar, manastırlar, ormanlar, malikâneler; paranoya, histeri ve voyörizm (röntgencilik); sınıfsal ayrım, cinsiyetçilik, ataerkil güç, kimlik sorunu, yeni topraklardaki kıyımlar, kâbuslar ve toplumsal düzen literatürde/resimde/sinemada Kara Romantizm’in ilgilendiği konular, mekânlar ve ruh halleri olmuştur. Vampirler, cadılar, demonlar, canavarlar, deli doktorlar, hayaletler ve ucubeler ile birlikte düşsel figürler popüler kültüre değin sanat dallarında değişimler göstermiş, resimlerarası ve metinlerarası bir etkileşim içerisinde günümüze kadar kâbusun imajları olmuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler Kara Romantizm, kâbus, rüya, yeni gotik, grotesk, korku. ii ABSTRACT ÖZGÖR, Cumhur Okay. Romanticsm, İmaginary İmages and Nightmare Paintings, Proficiency in Art Thesis, Ankara, 2017. First time in 1930, having named by Mario Praz; Dark Romanticism, became significant perception over the Art of World. As a concept of weird images, depictionsins densely described shocking and horror scenes, simultanously existing of esthetism with Symbolicm and also decadende and unlogical. Dark paintings and drawings with it’s hell discriptions since Medieval Era and with iternal conflicts of human, especially since XVIII. century, has been carry, dreams of gothic literature, monsters and spritual condictions in hysteria on to the canvas. As of presence metaphysical universe, dark nightmares, shaped on grotesque bodies since XVIII. century, destruction and death instinct, madness, mystery an irrotionality, all crime and dystopic cases are main objects of Dark Romanticism. As Dark Romanticism, finding place in literature as a neo gothic and it also appears as reaction to the vice age, and politics of the period. The gothic novels, which dealwith the pessimistic nature of dark, gloomy one, continue to be as popular as so far. İn connection with the English Gothic, chateaux and castles, which have close connection to feudal power, have become home-related in American Gothic. Ruins, tombs, manasteries, forests, mansions, paranoic hysteria and voyeurism; class distinction, sexism, patriachal power, identity problem, massacres in new lands, nightmares and social oreder have been the subjects venues and mood of Dark Romanticism in the Literature/painting/cinema. With vampires, witches, demons, monsters, mad doctors, ghosts and freaks, imaginary figures have shown changes in art branches to popular cultures, and images of day-to-day nightmares in inter painting and intertextual interaction have been made. Key Words Dark Romanticism, nightmare, dream, neo gothic, grotesque, fear. iii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET .......................................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. ii İÇİNDEKİLER ....................................................................................................................... .iii RESİMLER DİZİNİ ................................................................................................................ v GİRİŞ ......................................................................................................................................... 1 I. BÖLÜM 1. ORTA ÇAĞ SANATINDA GOTİK İMGELER .............................................................................6 1.1. Şeytan ve Cadı: Okültizm & Vikanlık .............................................................................................12 1.2. Gotik Edebiyat ve Resim İlişkisi .....................................................................................................27 1.2.1. İngiliz Gotiği: Hayaletler ve Grotesk Canavarlar .................................................................31 1.2.2. Amerikan Gotiği ...................................................................................................................38 1.2.3. Gotik Vampirler ...................................................................................................................44 1.3. Gotik Sinema ve Resim İlişkisi .......................................................................................................48 II. BÖLÜM 2. KARA ROMANTİZM’DE DÜŞSEL İMGELER .........................................................................54 2.1. Romantik İmgelem: Goya, Fuseli ve Blake ...................................................................................56 2.1.1. Sembolizm’de Öldüren Kadın (Femme Fatale) İmgesi ........................................................66 2.1.2. Fantastik Resimler ................................................................................................................73 2.2. Edebiyatta Kötülük .........................................................................................................................81 2.3. Resim ve Sinemada Kâbusun İzleri ................................................................................................84 2.4. Popüler Kültürde Düşsel İmgeler ...................................................................................................97 III. BÖLÜM 3. KİŞİSEL SANAT ÇALIŞMALARININ ÇÖZÜMLEMELERİ .................................................105 3.1. Cadı Tahtası ...........................................................................................................................111 3.2. Oda No: 302 ..........................................................................................................................113 3.3. Karanlık Akıllarımız için Pusuda ..........................................................................................116 3.4. Kutsal Çizgi ...........................................................................................................................118 3.5. Melankolik Ağıt ....................................................................................................................120 iv 3.6. Çağırmak için Bir Ruh Daha! ................................................................................................123 3.7. Melek Thanatos .....................................................................................................................125 3.8. Korkunç Düşünceler Ete/Kemiğe Bürünür ............................................................................127 3.9. Dozaşımı Delilik ....................................................................................................................130 3.10. Çatırdayan Hatıralar ............................................................................................................133 3.11. Lideri İzle ............................................................................................................................135 3.12. Yarın Yok ............................................................................................................................137 3.13. Ayçocuğu .............................................................................................................................139 3.14. Rahatsız Rüyalar ..................................................................................................................140 3.15. Bitiş Teması .........................................................................................................................141 4. SONUÇ ..........................................................................................................................................142 5. KAYNAKÇA ................................................................................................................................146 6. ÖZGEÇMİŞ ..................................................................................................................................154 v RESİMLER DİZİNİ Resim 1: Giotto di Bondone – Son Yargı (1306) Fresko - 10 × 8,40 m
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