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Growth of 11 Introduced Tree Species on Selected Forest Sites in Hawaii

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Growth of 11 Introduced Tree Species on Selected Forest Sites in Hawaii Schubert. Thomas H.: Korte. Karl H. Early growth and development of United States four pine species in Hawaii. Res. Note PSW-189. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Department of Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Forest Service. U.S. Agnculture Growth of 11 Introduced REFERENCES Department of Agrieulturc; 1969. 4 p. Skolmen. Roger G. Wood density and growth ofsome conifers introduccd Fores! Service to Hawaii. Res. Paper PSW-12. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Southwest Forest Tree Species on Selected Pacific Southwest and R,lnge Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Bohr, A. W. A few strength tests on Pinus elliottii from Hawaii. 1958. Forest and Range Agriculture: 1963. 20 p. Unpublished draft supplied to authors by Roger G. 5kolmen, Pacific Experiment Station Skolmen. Roger G. Some woods of Hawaii ... properties and uses of 16 Forest Sites in Hawaii Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Honolulu, Hl. commercial species. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-8. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Buck, MichaeJ G.: CostaJes. Patrick G.; Petteys, Edwin Q. P. Forest Research Paper Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service. U.S. PSW-169 plantation survey-Biomass Energy Tree Farm Program. State of Department of Agriculture; 1974.30 p. Hawaii. Department of Land and NaturaJ Resources: 1979. 22 p. Walters. Gerald A. Saligna eucalyptus growth in a IS-year-old spacing Imoto, Roger H.: Ching. Wayne F. Forest plantation sun'ey supple­ stud)' in Hawaii. Res. Paper PSW-151. BerkeJey. CA: Pacific Southwest ment.On file with Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife-Resource Forest and Range Experiment Station. Forest Service, U.S. Depart­ Survey Section; 1979. 96 p. ment of Agriculture; J980. 6 p. Michael G. Buck Roger H. Imoto Lindquist. James L.; Palley, Marshall N. Empirical yield tables for young Whitesell. Craig D. Effects ofspacing on labiaII)' pine in Hawaii after II growth redwood. Bull. 796. Berkeley. CA: CaJifornia Agricultural Jears. Res. Note PSW-295. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Southwest Forest and Experiment Station; J963. 47 p. Range Experiment Station. Forest Service. U.S. Department of Agri­ McClure. Joe [Letter to Michael G. Buck). 1977 Novembcr 30. I leaf. eulture; 1974.4 p. Located at: Division of Forestry and WiJdlife, Hawaii Department of Wong, Wesley H. C.. Jr.: Wick, Herbert L.: Nelson, Robert E. Plantation Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu. HI. timber on the island of Muui-1967. Resour. Bull. P5W-II. Berkeley. Nelson, Robert E. Silk-oak in Hawaii, .. pest or potential timber? Misc. CA: Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Forest Papcr 47. Berkeley. CA: Pacific Southwest Forest and Rangc Expcri­ Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture; 1969.42 p. ment Station, Forest Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture; 1960. 5p. r~~~~~~~~~-~-~-~~~~~-~~ ~ , , Buck. Michael G.; Il110to. Roger H. Growth of 11 introduced Iree species on selected , l forest sites in Hawaii. Res. Paper PSW-169. Berkeley. CA: Pacific Southwest F.orest , b and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture: l • 1982.12p. b Growth and volume data for trees on 25 plots represeTlting II introd uccd species in l , Hawaii were recordcd during a 21-year period. Trees were measured at about 5-year b intcrvals to determine ovcrall growth and stand development. The sites scJected werc , ~ considered better-than-average in tcrms ofelevation. amount of prccipitation. and soiJ , quality. Except for redwood. stands were unmanagcd. Thc data reportcd suggest that l JO tree species can grow fast enough to warrant more extensive plantings for timber or l l wood fibcr production. , Rerri<·\·a/1i'rm.\: Hawaii, Pilll/." ECJC'lI~I'PIUS. growth. biomass. hardwoods , l l , l , I ~-~-~~--~----~~~~-~~-~~ 12 The Authors are resource survey foresters for the Division of Forestry and Wildlife. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. Honolulu. Hawaii. MICHAEL G. BUCK holds a bachelor's degree (1976) in resource management from the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Syracuse. He has been with the Division since 1977. ROGER H. IMOTO holds a bachelor's degree (1979) in forest management science from Colorado State University. He has been with the Division since 1979. Acknowledgments: We thank Gerald D. Pickford, formerly of the Hawaii Division of Forestry. who established most ofthe growth plots in the older plantations. We also thank personnel of the Forest Service's Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. and the Division of Forestry's Districts for assistance in field work, planning, and support during the period of the study. Research in Hawaii by the Division of Forestry and Wildlife. Hawaii Dcpartmentof Land and Natural Resources. is conducted in cooperation with the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Figure 7-This saligna eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sa/igna Sm.) plot Figure 8-Blac kb ult eucalyptu$ (Eucalyptus pilularis Sm.) growi ng at the Hila Reservoir, island 01 Hawaii, contained the largest saligna on the Waikoekoe plot, island of Hawaii, had the largest spacings eucalyptus tree measured. At age 44. it measured 95 cm (37 inches) (4.9 by 6.1 m [16 by 20 ttl) and the largest average diameter-at­ diameter-at-breast-height (d.b.h.),46 m (151 tt) to a 23-cm (g-jnch) breast-height (d.b.h.) of 65 em (26 inches). top, and 65 m (215 It) in total height. Cover: A 40-year-old tallowwood eucalyptus (ElIca1.l'PIU.1 microcorys) plantation slower in height but more rapidly in diameter than red­ grows in the Kalopa section of the Hamakua Forest Reserve on thc island of Hawaii. wood in California. MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS Lob/oily Pine and Slash Pine: Both species have been established successfully in plantations on a variety of sites in Hawaii. On dry marginal sites, slash pine is the more Although specific management practices cannot be desirable species for volume production. As sites improve, recommended on the basis ofthe limited data of this study. growth di fferences between the two species lessen. To max­ some general observations for particular species may be imize growth, spacings larger than 3 by 3 m (10 by 10 ft) are significant not recommended for either species. Australian toon, tropical ash, and silk-oak: In unman­ Eucalyptus: Rapid growth on a variety ofsites has made aged stands for high-quality sawlogs, rotation age should eucalyptus a desired species for reforestation in Hawaii. not exceed 45 years. Silk-oak can grow acceptably and with The mean annual increment for volume peaks at age 7. good form on dry sites (890 mm [35 inches] per year), but Sawtimber growth at spacings 00 by 3 m (10 by 10 ft) has the rotation age should be lengthened. High rainfall or produced volumes up to 1425 m3 per ha(20,358 ft 3/acre) at heavy cloud cover associated with high rainfall is not suita­ age32. At 3- by 3-m (10- by IO-ft) spacings, coppice volume ble for silk-oak. Australian toon may grow better in mix­ growth was significantly higher than noncoppice growth at ture with silk-oak than in pure stands. similar ages. Publisher NOJfolk-is/and-pine: Spacings of 3 by 3 m (10 by 10 ft) The data reported show that 10 tree species can grow fast with thinning seem to be desirable for maximum growth. enough to warrant more extensive plantings that could Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Trees at age 49 are healthy and growing at a rate that supply timber or wood fiber for a forest products industry P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California 94701 suggests rotation age of more than 50 years is possible. in Hawaii. Forest managers in tropical countries through­ Redwood: Although difficult to establish in plantations out the world will be able to use the information to improve because of slow early growth, redwood attains good decisionmaking in selecting trees and in managing December 1982 growth rates in Hawaii. Redwood trees in Hawaii grow plantations. II Table 6~Si[e and \'Olumelric darafor seven Euca(l'plUS plOIS over 22 year.\· old Site Species Volume Saw- Total Growth of 11 Introduced Trees Height Total timber mean Tree species Plot Location Spacing Elcva- Precipi- Aspect in Age Avg. dominant/ (IO~cm (23-cm annual tion tation plot (d.b.h.) codominant top) top) increment Tree Species on Selected m mm years em m3/ha Saligna eucalyptus I Kainehe. 2.4by3.7 700 3560 North 38 22 25.1 ,- - - - (Euca~l'pIUS saJigna) Hawaii 35 27 26.9 54.6 - - - Forest Sites in Hawaii Tallowwood eucalyptus [ Kainehe. 2.4 by 3.7 700 3560 North 33 32 29.7 59.7 1424 131 [ 44 (Euca(l'prus Hawaii microcorys) Saligna eucalyptus 2 Hila. Hawaii 2.7 by 3.0 370 5720 51 33 24.4 45.4 968 740 29 (Euca(rplus saJigna) Res. 49 38 26.9 45.4 - - - Michael G. Buck Roger H. Imoto 44 43 29.5 49.1 1251 1043 28 Saligna eucalyptus 3 Lapa Ridge. 3.0 by 3.0 880 1020 16 31 41.1 36.3 - - - (EllCa~l'pIUS saJigna) Kauai 16 36 43.9 38.7 782 663 22 16 41 45.4 38.1 998 893 24 Robusta eucalyptus 4 Kalopa. Hawaii 2.4 by 3.0 650 2080 North- 38 27 29.5 45.4 - - - (Euca~l'ptus robusta) east 38 32 30.5 - - - - 37 37 31.5 51.2 854 779 23 32 43 36.6 48.8 1140 967 27 CONTENTS Blackbutt eucalyptus 5 Waikoekoe, 4.9 by 6.1 520 1960 North 23 27 49.0 - - - - (Euca~l'prus pi/ularis) Hawaii 20 32 55.9 55.5 - - - 20 37 59.4 55.8 1162 1119 31 19 45 65.3 57.9 1587 1534 35 Introduction .
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