Teoria Gatunków W Organizacji Informacji I Wiedzy. Podejśćie Informatologiczne

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Teoria Gatunków W Organizacji Informacji I Wiedzy. Podejśćie Informatologiczne TEORIA GATUNKÓW W ORGANIZACJI INFORMACJI I WIEDZY Marek Nahotko TEORIA GATUNKÓW W ORGANIZACJI INFORMACJI I WIEDZY Podejście informatologiczne Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Publikacja dofi nansowana przez Uniwersytet Jagielloński ze środków Instytutu Informacji Naukowej i Bibliotekoznawstwa oraz Wydziału Zarządzania i Komunikacji Społecznej Recenzent prof. dr hab. Barbara Sosińska-Kalata Projekt okładki Paweł Bigos © Copyright by Marek Nahotko & Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Wydanie I, Kraków 2018 All rights reserved Niniejszy utwór ani żaden jego fragment nie może być reprodukowany, przetwarzany i roz- powszechniany w jakikolwiek sposób za pomocą urządzeń elektronicznych, mechanicznych, kopiujących, nagrywających i innych oraz nie może być przechowywany w żadnym systemie informatycznym bez uprzedniej pisemnej zgody Wydawcy. ISBN 978-83-233-4486-5 ISBN 978-83-233-9846-2 (e-book) Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Redakcja: ul. Michałowskiego 9/2, 31-126 Kraków tel. 12-663-23-80, tel./fax 12-663-23-83 Dystrybucja: tel. 12-631-01-97, tel./fax 12-631-01-98 tel. kom. 506-006-674, e-mail: [email protected] Konto: PEKAO SA, nr 80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Spis treści Wykaz skrótów .......................................................................................................... 7 Wstęp .......................................................................................................................... 11 1. Mózgowe i umysłowe reprezentacje wiedzy i informacji ................................ 19 1.1. Funkcje mózgowe w organizacji wiedzy .................................................... 21 1.2. Umysłowa organizacja informacji i wiedzy ............................................... 41 1.3. Schematy poznawcze .................................................................................... 55 2. Dane, informacja, wiedza w działalności wiedzotwórczej .............................. 69 2.1. Transfery informacyjne ................................................................................ 75 2.2. Dane ................................................................................................................ 87 2.3. Informacja ..................................................................................................... 91 2.4. Wiedza ........................................................................................................... 107 2.4.1. Poglądy na wiedzę ............................................................................ 107 2.4.2. Wiedza w modelu działań wiedzotwórczych ................................ 117 2.5. Kontekst w działaniach wiedzotwórczych ................................................. 124 3. Społeczna teoria gatunków informacji ............................................................... 129 3.1. Gatunek informacji jako podstawa działań społecznych ........................ 131 3.2. Gatunek jako schemat poznawczy .............................................................. 140 3.3. Łączliwość gatunków informacji ................................................................. 148 3.4. Analiza gatunków informacji ...................................................................... 155 3.5. Gatunki informacji w transakcjach komunikacyjnych ............................ 162 3.6. Gatunki informacji w środowisku elektronicznym (cybergatunki) ....... 168 4. Gatunki informacji w sferze zarządzania informacyjnymi zasobami nauki . 179 4.1. Gatunki zasobów metainformacji i ich transakcje ................................... 182 4.1.1. Gatunki bibliografi czne .................................................................... 187 4.1.2. Rozwój poglądów na transakcje biblioteczne ................................ 191 4.1.3. Współczesne transakcje z katalogiem bibliotecznym (OPAC) ... 198 4.2. Ewolucja cybergatunku katalogu (OPAC) ................................................. 215 5. Grupy gatunków informacji w OI ...................................................................... 233 5.1. Gatunki informacji, ich grupy i oddziaływanie (uptake) ........................ 233 5.2. Analiza grup gatunków w działalności OI ................................................ 243 5.2.1. Grupa gatunków 1. Informacja pierwotna (publikacje naukowe) 246 5.2.2. Grupa gatunków 2. Informacja pochodna (metainformacja) ..... 250 6 Spis treści 5.2.3. Grupa gatunków 3. Metainformacja tworzona przez użytkownika stosowana w transakcjach wyszukiwania w SOI .. 258 5.2.4. Grupa gatunków 4. Narzędzia metainformacyjne wykorzystywane do tworzenia reprezentacji informacji gatunków grupy 1 ............................................................................. 263 5.2.5. Grupa gatunków 5. Informacja o SOI (biblioteczna) ................... 271 5.2.6. Grupa gatunków 6. Interfejs informacyjny SOI ............................ 275 5.2.7. Zestawienie cech grup gatunków informacji w OI ....................... 282 5.3. Gatunki w działaniach społecznych OI ..................................................... 283 Zakończenie ............................................................................................................... 305 Summary .................................................................................................................... 311 Spis rycin i tabel ......................................................................................................... 315 Bibliografi a ................................................................................................................. 317 Indeks ......................................................................................................................... 345 Wykaz skrótów AACR – Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules AI – architektura informacji ALA – American Library Association API – application programming interface ASK – anomalous state of knowledge BIBFRAME – Bibliographic Framework Initiative BRS – Bibliographic Retrieval Services CARS – Create a Research Space CEST – Cognitive Experiental Self Th eory CIDOC CRM – International Committee for Documentation Conceptual Reference Model CMS – Content Management System CSDGM – Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata CST – cognitive schema theory CTA – cognitive task analysis DARIAH – Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities DDC – Dewey Decimal Classifi cation DIKW – Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom DNA – kwas dezoksyrybonukleinowy EAD – Encoded Archival Description ECoG – elektrokortykografi a EEG – elektroencefalografi a ELT – Experiental Learning Model ER – entity-relationship fMRI – funkcjonalny rezonans magnetyczny FRAD – Functional Requirements for Authority Data FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Record FRBR-LRM – FRBR-Library Reference Model FRSAD – Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data Gg – gatunek grupy GFR – gaze-following response GUI – graphical user interface HCI – human-computer interaction HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol ICP – International Cataloguing Principles IFLA – International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions 8 Wykaz skrótów IMRaD – introduction, methods, results and discussion ISBD – International Standard Bibliographic Description ISBN – International Standard Book Number ISMN – International Standard Music Number ISO – International Organization for Standardization ISSN – International Standard Serial Number IT – information technology JIW – język informacyjno-wyszukiwawczy KABA – język haseł przedmiotowych katalogów automatycznych bibliotek akademickich KHW – kartoteka haseł wzorcowych KM – knowledge management KO – knowledge organization LCC – Library of Congress Classifi cation LCSH – Library of Congress Subject Headings LOD – Linked Open Data MARC – machine readable catalog MEG – magnetoelektroencefalografi a MeSH – Medical Subject Headings MIX – Metadata for Images in XML MRI – obrazowanie rezonansu magnetycznego (magnetic resonance ima- ging) NLG – New London Group NLP – natura language processing OA – Open Access OAI-PMH – Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting OCLC – Online Computer Library Center OI – organizacja informacji ONIX – Online Information Exchange OPAC – online public access catalog OW – organizacja wiedzy OWL – Web Ontology Language PET – pozytonowo-emisyjna tomografi a komputerowa PIM – personal information management PKIM – personal knowledge/information management PKM – personal knowledge management PN – Polska Norma RDA – Resource Description and Access RDF – Resource Description Framework RDS – Resource Discovery Services RDT – Resource Discovery Tools RSS – Really Simple Syndication, Rich Site Summary, RDF Site Summary SAB – Sveriges Allmänna Biblioteksförening (Szwedzkie Stow. Bibliotek Publicznych) SAS – supervisory attentional system SCR – state of conditional readiness Wykaz skrótów 9 SOI – system organizacji informacji SOW – system organizacji wiedzy SPARQL – SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language SPECT – tomografi a emisyjna pojedynczego fotonu TK – tomografi a komputerowa TMS – przezczaszkowa stymulacja magnetyczna UKD – Uniwersalna Klasyfi kacja Dziesiętna USG – ultrasonografi a URI – Uniform Resource Identifi er UTI – Unifi ed Th eory of Information UX – user experience VIAF – Virtual International Authority File WSD – Web-scale Discovery System WWW – World Wide Web XML – Extensible Markup Language ZSB – zintegrowany system biblioteczny Wstęp Zgodnie z opinią Roberta Poczobuta pojęcie informacji w nauce stosowane jest do opisywania i wyjaśniania sytuacji na różnych poziomach
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